No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1978.

In some parts of the African continent, colonialist left a long time ago but the legacy they left exist to this day. In one way or the other they ensured that their legacy lives on even beyond independence of the African people. This is the case also in Southern Africa and particularly in South Africa. The legacy of white settlers who came into the country in the early colonial days is still evident in the characteristics of the contemporary South African society. The racially skewed distribution of land started centuries ago and up until today, such disproportionate in land distribution has not been corrected. At the end of apartheid, the newly elected democratic government placed on top of its agenda the issue of addressing the land question. Land reform programme was drawn and deadlines for achieving certain goals were set. But since then, land reform has been slow and fallen short of its targets. Main contributors to the slow progress of land reform were the policies and mechanism with which the government seeks to implement the programme and achieve its objectives. There has been a plethora of laws enacted with the aim of improving the implementation of the land reform programme in South Africa, but progress has remained slow. Many questions and concerns have been raised as to whether land reform is necessary or not in a democratic South Africa. This thesis argues that land reform is indeed necessary if South Africa is interested in rectifying the injustices and the inequalities of past land distribution. The thesis also argues that a properly implemented land reform would not only bring justice but it will also help in the reduction of poverty which is rife in the South African society and particularly the rural poor. But both the latter and the former will be realizable if the society is aware and have a full understanding of the ever developing laws which guides land reform programme and the acquisition of land in general. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

This study was concerned with the social construction of HIV/AIDS at the policy level in contemporary South Africa, and how such constructions shape the manner in which the epidemic is understood in popular discourse.

1. BACKGROUND 1.1 The key aspects on which the Committee was charged to advise the Deputy President on were: • the appropriate and functional relationships that could be evolved between government and organs of civil society with respect to the provision of capacity for the implementation of the RDP; • the feasibility of an appropriate funding mechanism that would enable a co-ordinated approach to the funding of civil society organisations, the relationships of such a mechanism with current development funding players and other transitional mechanisms; • a mechanism to promote a sustainable partnership between these organisations with government. KEY FINDINGS OF THE COMMITTEE After careful consideration of all pertinent factors, the Committee established that: 2. 1 In spite of broad support for the RDP, there is no coordinated approach to tackling poverty. Government has been able to attract aid and has not found it easy to use such large funding owing to processes of change management and the processes of setting up local government infrastructures. Concomitant with these issues is the lack of management skills at the Government levels. 2. 2 Organs of civil society involved in development work in South Africa remain a rich inheritance for the Government of National Unity. These institutions, generally referred to as Community Based Organisations (CBOs) or Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) span a wide variety of the development landscape. These organs of Civil Society seek to fuel the development agenda of South Africa through participation in the RDP, but have often found themselves frustrated by the lack of clear policy and connecting points with Government in general. 2. 3 Experience from other countries show that the role of CSOs in development and the sustenance of democracy is a key feature of advanced democracies. Foreign research proved that cooperation between CSOs and various tiers government has often produced positive results. Owing to their affinity, empathy and proximity to the broader populace CSOs have always proved to be effective in meeting the basic needs of the population they serve. 2. 4 The initial energizing force for development which broadly funded the CSO sector has transformed. Local development funding institutions have developed a new focus and business approach. The Kagiso Trust and the IDT are gearing themselves to operate as development implementation institutions as against solely the funding of development and the facilitation of funding for development initiatives. 2. 5 Foreign aid funding, money which was historically marked for CSOs, is largely being directly channeled to Government. This source of funding has progressively declined since the 1994 elections. Indications are that this pattern is likely to continue as erstwhile traditional International Aid donors prefer bilateral funding arrangements with government. Corporate grant funding which in any case has always been limited to the CSO sector will continue to flow to corporate programmes and will remain a significant factor to this sector. 2. 6 Development CSOs operate within a restrictive environment in respect of taxation and registration. 2.7 There is broad and significant support for a positive structural relationship and a coordinated funding mechanism between CSOs and Government to promote the objectives and principles of the RDP. 2.8 The need to establish a channel of communication between CSOs and government. Through this mechanism, government and CSOs would be able to agree on RDP and development. / Prepared for the Deputy President the Honorable Mr Thabo Mbeki

The Kruger National Park (KNP) management has recently made considerable progress in enacting new policies to address biodiversity conservation and management challenges. However, the interlinkages among the new policies to support biodiversity conservation and management have not been evaluated, particularly the principles and approaches, and how these interact in terms of policy decision-making at the economic and political levels. This study seeks to evaluate the interlinkages among the new policies and how they affect one another, as an avenue to promote a more integrated and comprehensive policy implementation. These policies include the tourism policy, the elephant management policy, and the water provision policy. At policy-making level, the integration of these three policies enhances the possibilities for balancing and controlling the pressures exerted on environmental resources. At the implementation level, it offers a framework for the coordination of the interventions of the policies in space so as to recognise and capitalize on their synergies. Given the inevitably multifarious and departmentalized nature of policy formulation in the KNP, there is a need for the analysis of interlinkages amongst policies. The conceptual framework underpinning this study derives much from Briassoulis’ (2004) policy integration. The research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods, and focuses on selected camp sites within the Park. The findings indicate that current procedures for tourism policy-making and implementation are weak, and little is done by way of impact assessment. This has been attributed to the lack of capacity at the KNP. The findings also reconfirm that policy-making is too fragmented. As a result, policy coordination and cooperation among park managers is weak. This study suggests that an environmental policy integration approach can lead to improved policy-making and implementation. Informed by the data collected from interviews, questionnaires and document analyses, a management framework has been developed to demonstrate how an integrated approach to Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) or management can help sustain the practice of wildlife tourism and support biodiversity conservation. It is concluded that greater realisation of integrated policy-making and implementation in the KNP can be achieved by establishing a formal coordinating office. However, a special feature of KNP policy-making is its widespread consultation system that can provide a fertile ground for enhancing EPI.

This study explored the perceptions of beneficiaries of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) with regard to the role that RDP houses play socially, psychologically, and physically in the lives of occupants after moving from an informal settlement into RDP houses. Given that the said housing programme targets disadvantaged people, it was important to understand their own perceptions of these houses. The study also explored the perceptions of government officials in regard to their experiences relating to RDP houses. A case study approach was adopted and Bronfenbrenner‟s ecological theory of human development was used as the theoretical framework to guide this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants. First, Group A comprised three RDP participants who lived in an informal settlement before relocation to their RDP houses. Second, Group B comprised three participants from the national, provincial and local offices of the governmental human settlements departments respectively. Data were analysed and four main themes as well as the subthemes emerged from the analysis. The four main themes are the bolstered sense of psychological well-being; access to basic services, amenities, and benefits of an improved infrastructure; pride of ownership; and ownership as a form of personal economic development or empowerment. Findings suggested that the participants reflected expressions of joy, a sense of permanence, a feeling of being home, hope for the future, and an absence of worry. These meanings and interpretation of home ownership reflect how the participants identify with their RDP houses and how pleased they are to own a house. Basic services enhance their overall quality of life in relation to their psychological, physical and social well-being. Interestingly, access to socio-economic services and amenities such as connected water and electricity inside The Experience of Moving from an Informal Settlement to a Secure Stable Home 4 the houses, the availability of schools and clinics, transport services, and a habitable environment, were found to play an important role in the lives of the participants. However, factors which hamper the success of RDP housing and compound the hopelessness of living in an informal settlement as well as the problems that RDP home owners encounter, which restrain their pride of ownership are: ambivalence over restrictions or limitations imposed by building regulations, the size of the houses, the poor quality construction, and envy at improvements made to subsequent RDP houses. In conclusion, the findings add to a greater theoretical understanding of the factors contributing to human development and the factors that impede the effectiveness of the housing programme. These factors draw attention to a number of important issues regarding RDP housing, which may assist housing practitioners, and in particular, policy developers, in developing policy that may be more useful in meeting the needs of the people. This could enhance the existing housing programme as well as alert the housing practitioners to existing shortcomings and offer them the opportunity to become acquainted therewith. These factors that impede RDP ownership suggest a need for the government and other relevant stakeholders to engage in the issues that prevent the successful implementation of the housing programme thereby maximising the effectiveness of the housing programme, primarily in order to strive to improve the lives of previously disadvantaged people. / Social Work / MA SS (Psychology)

Lack of access to essential medicines has proven to be a persisting problem which is in conflict with the goal of realising the right to health envisaged by the South African constitution and international human rights instruments. With more than twenty years of democracy, South Africa is still plaguing with a multiplicity of pandemics such as HIV and AIDS, cancer, malaria, tuberculosis, among others, leading to premature death and untold suffering of the people. According to a 2015 United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS) Gap report, South Africa is still regarded as the epicentre of HIV and other infectious diseases. The 2015 UNAIDS Gap report states that South Africa has more women than men living with HIV and AIDS. The report further indicates that the impact of this pandemic is worsened by the inaccessibility of essential medicines that are vital for life saving. This dissertation posits that the epidemiological health crisis described above can be largely eradicated through the utilisation of the right to health. The right to health, according to this dissertation, contains a legal and transformative power which can be utilised to limit the negative impact of patent laws on access to essential medicines in South Africa. This dissertation validates the long held view that World Trade Organisation (WTO) intellectual property laws have contributed to the inaccessibility of essential medicines through causing patent ever greening, patent linkages and pharmaceutical company’s monopolies. Consequently, many marginalised groups in South Africa lack access to essential medicines owing to the higher prices charged for such medicines thus violating the right to health, life and other fundamental human rights. The right to health which is the immediate right infringed when there is lack of access to essential medicines form the core theme of this dissertation. This dissertation argues that access to essential medicine is a fundamental part of the right to health protected under international and national human rights instruments. This dissertation further argue that the right to health imposes obligations which requires South African government to take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to provide access to essential medicines. The dissertation‘s key contribution is its proposed solutions on how to ensure that patents rules in South Africa are tamed with obligations consistent with the right to health. If properly implemented, these solutions have the potential to give greater specification to the normative commitments imposed by the right to health in the patent claims scenarios.

The objective of the research was to determine the role which South African trade policy played in shaping the development of the domestic petrochemical industry. The focus of the study falls on the domestic development of the petrochemical industry in general, and the polymer industry in particular. Three broad stages are distinguished in the domestic development of the petrochemical industry. Prior to the early 1970's development occurred primarily on an ad hoc basis, with the establishment of domestic production plants for most major petrochemicals. The development of the domestic petrochemical industry over the period from the early 1970's to the early 1980's was characterised by rapid growth in the domestic production of petrochemicals, while the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's saw a significant slowdown in the annual growth rate for the domestic production of petrochemicals. The role of trade policy in the industry's development over each of these three periods could not be established conclusively. In each period a number of factors were identified which may have impacted on the industry's development. However, two factors do appear to have played particularly important roles in the industry's development prior to the early 1980's, namely strong growth in domestic petrochemical demand and the provision of a substantial degree of protection through quantitative import controls and tariffs. with regard to the industry's development over the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's, a number of factors were identified which may have influenced trends in domestic petrochemical production, including the withdrawal of quantitative import controls and the progressive lowering of import tariffs, the depreciation of the rand in the mid-1980's, a slowdown in the growth of the domestic demand for petrochemicals, the fall in the international prices of petrochemicals in the early 1980's, and the fall in the international oil price in the mid-1980's. In view of the small size of the domestic petrochemical market it is recommended that local petrochemical producers should continue to expand their focus beyond that of producing solely for the requirements of the domestic market. In light of the key role played by the petrochemical industry in a modern economy, it is also recommended that the industry in South Africa receive more attention from policy makers than it has in the past.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / It is an accepted fact that small businesses are the economic growth "engines" in developed countries. This reality is given as the main reason for the active involvement of local government, in promotion and development of small enterprises, with the purpose of reversing the trend of growing unemployment in South Africa (even with high economic growth rates) and reducing the high poverty index. Internationally, local municipalities have become primary players in supporting and promoting small business. Prior to 1994, local government in South Africa is perceived to have played a passive role in this field. This study aims to evaluate and critically analyse local government's involvement in the support and promotion of small enterprises on the Cape West Coast (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in order to stimulate greater government involvement in small enterprise development. The study follows a qualitative approach in the form of interviews with a sample comprising of emerging entrepreneurs in the fishing, tourism, engineering, mining and agricultural economic sectors. On the basis of the findings, specific recommendations are made for the promotion of small enterprises as a vehicle for reducing the level of poverty.

M.A. (Public Management and Governance) / This study starts with an introduction and background, and this is followed by a statement of the research problem, research rationale, research objectives, research design, research methodology and the data collection methods. A list of acronyms will be provided, as well as an overview of chapters, conclusions, and acknowledgements. “Around 5.7 million in 2009 had contracted HIV and AIDS and in the preceding year 250,000 South Africans died due to HIV/AIDS related diseases. All age categories and gender are prone to contracting the disease and the resultant loss of life has had a devastating effect on the workforce. Death due to this disease has caused loss of income and family disintegration” (Sottile 2013:2). In 2010, some 280,000 South Africans died of HIV/AIDS. In the decade up to 2010, between 42% and 47% of all deaths among South Africans were HIV/AIDS-related deaths (Sottile 2013:2). Mlambo et al (2011:1) further say that “The Human Sciences Research Council estimates that 10.9% of all South Africans have HIV/AIDS. Additionally, the Central Intelligence Agency estimates that 310,000 individuals died in South Africa from HIV/AIDS in the year 2009”. A study in 2003 made a comparison on two scenarios, an HIV/AIDS scenario and a no-HIV/AIDS scenario and this was based on the annual growth rates between 2002 and 2015. The finding was that “real growth in GDP would be 0.6% lower than if there were no HIV/AIDS, but per-capita growth in GDP would be 0.9% higher. Growth in population would have been 1.5% lower, and growth of the labour force would be 1.2% lower, but the unemployment rate would be 0.9% lower as well” (Avert.Org 2010:2). Different HIV/AIDS prevention strategies are being implemented in South Africa. The focus in this study is on male medical circumcision (hereafter MMC), which is the removal of all or part of the foreskin on the penis. It can either be performed surgically in hospitals or at initiation schools. Initiation schools perform the procedure as a traditional rite of passage from boyhood to manhood, and this is referred to as traditional male circumcision (TMC). This practice has up till now been performed purely for traditional or religious purposes, but it can no longer be viewed only as such. It should, instead, also be seen as a measure to curb the spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. A number of observational studies (which will be referenced later) found that circumcised men had smaller chances of contracting HIV infection compared with uncircumcised men...