Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005. / "Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Plant and Food Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Australia, November 2005." Includes bibliographical references and appendices.

Thesis (M. Appl. Sc.) -- Lincoln University, 2007. / "A trial established in 2003 at Upper Moutere in Nelson, New Zealand, was used to evaluate the effect of mussel shells as reflective mulch on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot noir vine performance and fruit and wine quality"--Abstract. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Description based on contents viewed July 9, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M. Appl. Sc.) -- Lincoln University, 2009. / Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MSc Food Sc.)--Stellenbosch University, 1964. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The genetic information of plants is found in the nucleus, the mitochondria, and the plastids. The DNA of plastids is comprised of multiple copies of a double-stranded, circular, prokaryoticallyderived genome of -150 kb. The genome equivalents of plastid organelles in higher plant cells are an attractive target for genetic engineering as high protein expression levels are readily obtained due to the high genome copy number per organelle. The resultant proteins are contained within the plastid organelle and the corresponding transgenes are inherited, in most crop plants, uniparentally, preventing pollen transmission of DNA. Plastid transformation involves the uniform modification of all the plastid genome copies, a process facilitated by homologous recombination and the non-Mendelian segregation of plastids upon cell division. The plastid genomes are in a continuous state of inter- and intra-molecular exchange due to their common genetic complement. This enables the site-specific integration of any piece of DNA flanked by plastid targeting sequences, via homologous recombination. The attainment of homoplasmy, where all genomes are transformed, requires the inclusion of a plastid-specific selectable marker. Selective pressure favouring the propagation of the transformed genome copies, as well as the random segregation of plastids upon cell division, make it feasible to acquire uniformity and hence genetic stability. From this, a complete transplastomie line is obtained where all plastid genome copies present are transgenic, having eliminated all wild-type genome copies. The prokaryotic nature of the chloroplast genetic system enables expression of multiple proteins from polycistronic mRNAs, allowing the introduction of entire operons in a single transformation. Expression cassettes in vectors thus include single regulatory elements of plastid origin, and harbour genes encoding selectable and screenable markers, as well as one or more genes of interest. Each coding region is preceded by an appropriate translation control region to ensure efficient translation from the polycistronic mRNA. The function of a plastid transformation vector is to enable transfer and stable integration of foreign genes into the chloroplast genomes of higher plants. The expression vector constructed in this research is specific for the transformation of the grape chloroplast genome. Vitis vinifera L., from the family, Vitaceae, is the choice species for the production of wine and therefore our target for plastid transformation. All chloroplast derived regulatory elements and sequences included in the vector thus originated from this species. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die genetiese inligting van plante word gevind in die kern, die mitochondria, en die plastiede. Die DNA van plastiede bestaan uit veelvuldige kopieë van 'n ~ 150 kb dubbelstring, sirkulêre genoom van prokariotiese oorsprong. Die genoomekwivalente van plastiede in hoër plante is 'n aantreklike teiken vir genetiese manipulering, aangesien die hoë genoom kopiegetal per organel dit moontlik maak om gereeld hoë vlakke van proteïenuitdrukking te verkry. Hierdie proteïene word tot die plastied beperk, en die ooreenstemmende transgene word in die meeste plante sitoplasmies oorgeërf, sonder die oordrag van DNA deur die stuifmeel. Plastied transformasie behels die uniforme modifikasie van al die plastied genoomkopieë, 'n proses wat deur homoloë rekombinasie en die nie-Mendeliese segregasie van plastiede tydens seldeling gefasiliteer word. As gevolg van die gemeenskaplike genetiese komplement, vind aanhoudende interen intra-molekulêre uitruiling van plastiedgenome plaas. Dit maak die setel-spesifieke integrasie, via homoloë rekombinasie, van enige stuk DNA wat deur plastied teikenvolgordes begrens word, moontlik. Vir die verkrying van homoplasmie, waar alle genome getransformeer is, word die insluiting van 'n plastiedspesifieke selekteerbare merker benodig. Seleksiedruk wat die vermeerdering van die getransformeerde genoomkopieë bevoordeel, en die lukrake segregasie van plastiede tydens seldeling, maak dit moontlik om genetiese stabiliteit en uniformiteit van die genoom te verkry. Dit kan op sy beurt tot die verkryging van 'n volledige transplastomiese lyn lei, waar alle aanwesige plastiedgenome transgenies is, en wilde tipe genoomkopieë geëlimineer is. Die prokariotiese aard van die chloroplas genetiese sisteem maak die uitdrukking van veelvuldige proteïene vanaf polisistroniese mRNAs moontlik, wat die toevoeging van volledige operons in 'n enkele transformasie toelaat. Uitdrukkingskassette in vektore bevat dus enkel regulatoriese elemente van plastied oorsprong, gene wat kodeer vir selekteerbare en sifbare merkers, asook een of meer gene van belang (teikengene). Voor elke koderingsstreek, is daar ook 'n toepaslike translasie beheerstreek om doeltreffende translasie vanaf die polisistroniese mRNA te verseker. Die funksie van 'n plastied transformasie vektor is om die oordrag en stabiele integrasie van transgene in chloroplasgenome van hoër plante moontlik te maak. Die uitdrukkingsvektor wat in hierdie studie gekonstrueer is, is spesifiek vir die transformasie van die druif chloroplasgenoom. Vitis vinifera L., van die familie Vitaceae, is die voorkeur species vir die produksie van wyn, en daarom die teiken vir plastied transformasie. Alle chloroplast-afgeleide regulatoriese elemente en volgordes wat in hierdie vektor ingesluit is, het huloorsprong vanaf VUis vinifera L.

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 1969. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Thesis (MScAgr)--Stellenbosch University, 1962. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Wind, as a component of the environment, contributes to the viticultural concept of terroir in the South Western Cape region of South Africa. Many other components also contribute to terroir (e.g. soil, altitude, direction of slope, etc.) and it is difficult to quantify the contribution of each. A good terroir promotes slow and complete ripening of the berries. A vineyard on such a terroir produces good quality crops over time and the effects of climatic extremes on the performance of the vine are limited by this terroir. Although grapevines in the South Western Cape are exposed to strong synoptic southerly and southeasterly winds during the growing season and sea breezes add to the effect of wind in coastal areas, little is known about the effect of wind on grapevine performance. This preliminary study was undertaken to obtain more information on the effect of wind on some morphological and reproductive characteristics of Merlot nair. The aim was to obtain preliminary data which can serve as a basis for future studies on the effect of wind on grapevine performance. Important differences .in wind speed were measured spatially in a selected vineyard and exposure to wind was observed to result in essential viticultural differences. The effect of wind on vegetative parameters, canopy density, yield, berry composition and wine quality was investigated. Wind caused leaves on primary shoots of exposed vines to be smaller, but increased lateral growth in their fruiting zones. Sheltered vines had longer shoots but no significant differences were measured concerning cane diameter and pruning mass. Although it was expected that sheltered vines would have denser canopies, similar canopy densities were measured for both treatments. Vines exposed to wind responded with decreased stomatal conductance. As a result, leaf temperature was affected, showing differences between sheltered and exposed vines. Sheltered vines had more bunches per vine but fewer berries per bunch. As a result, bunches of sheltered vines were smaller than those of exposed vines. No significant difference was observed concerning the yield under the two treatments. The effect of wind on stomatal conductance had an essential impact on berry composition, thus directly influencing the quality of wine. Grapes from exposed vines showed a higher colour index. Berries from sheltered vines had significantly lower pH values and potassium concentrations and the malic acid content was lower than in berries from exposed vines. Wine from sheltered vines had more vegetative undertones in comparison with the stronger fruity character of exposed vines. A better acid balance, together with superior complexity (fullness/mouth feel), contributed to the better overall quality identified during the evaluation of wine produced from sheltered vines. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wind as 'n omgewingsfaktor dra by tot die wingerdkundige konsep van terrair in die Suidwes-Kaap streek van Suid-Afrika. Baie ander komponente dra ook by tot terrair (bv. grond, hoogte bo seespieël, rigting van helling, ens.) en dit is moeilik om die bydrae van elk te kwantifiseer. 'n Goeie terrair bevorder stadige en volledige rypwording van die korrels. 'n Wingerd gevestig op so 'n terrair produseer jaarliks hoë kwaliteit oeste met goeie sapsamestellings en die terrair beperk die negatiewe invloed van uiterste klimaatsomstandighede op wingerdprestasie. Alhoewel wingerde in die Suidwes-Kaap gedurende die groeiseisoen aan sterk sinopties suidelike en suid-oostelike winde blootgestel is en seebriese 'n bykomstige effek in kusgebiede het, is daar beperkte kennis oor die effek wat wind op wingerdprestasie het. Hierdie voorlopige studie is onderneem om meer inligting oor die effek van wind op sommige morfologiese en reproduktiewe eienskappe van Merlot noir in te win. Die mikpunt was om verwysingsdata in te samel wat as 'n basis vir toekomstige studies oor die effek van wind op wingerdprestasie kan dien. Belangrike verskille in windspoed is gemeet in die geselekteerde wingerd en waarnemings het getoon dat blootstelling aan wind tot kenmerkende wingerdkundige verskille gelei het. Die effek van wind op vegetatiewe parameters, lowerdigtheid, oesgrootte, druifsamestelling en wynkwaliteit is ondersoek. Wind het kleiner blare op primêre lote van wind-blootgestelde stokke veroorsaak, maar het laterale groei in hul trossones verhoog. Wind-beskermde stokke het langer lote gehad maar geen noemenswaardige verskille is ten opsigte van lootdeursnee en snoeimassa gemeet nie. Die verwagting was dat beskermde stokke digter lower sal hê, maar soortgelyke lowerdigthede is vir beide beskermde en wind-blootgestelde stokke gemeet. Stokke blootgestel aan wind het met 'n verlaagde huidmondjiegeleiding gereageer. Gevolglik is blaartemperatuur beïnvloed, met verskille tussen beskermde en blootgestelde wingerde. Beskermde stokke het meer trosse per stok maar minder korrels per tros gehad. As gevolg hiervan was die trosse van beskermde stokke kleiner as die van blootgestelde wingerde. Geen noemenswaardige verskille in die oesgroottes is tussen die twee behandelings gemeet nie. Die effek van wind op huidmondjiegeleiding het 'n belangrike impak op druifsamestelling gehad en het daarom 'n direkte invloed op wynkwaliteit gehad. Druiwe van blootgestelde stokke het 'n hoër kleurindeks getoon. Die pH en kaliumkonsentrasie van druiwe van beskermde stokke was merkbaar laer en het minder appelsuur gehad as die van die blootgestelde stokke. Die wyn van beskermde stokke het meer vegetatiewe geure gehad in vergelyking met die sterker vrugtige karakter van blootgestelde stokke. 'n Beter suurbalans, tesame met goeie kompleksiteit (volheid/mondgevoel), het egter meegebring dat beskermde stokke 'n beter wyngehalte lewer.