Orientador: Luís Henrique Bassoi / Banca: Rodrigo Máximo Sanchez Román / Banca: Marco Antonio Tecchio / Banca: Lucas Rios do Amaral / Banca: Leandro Maria Gimenez / Resumo: A viticultura de precisão (VP) pode contribuir para um melhor manejo do sistema de produção de uvas para vinho. Há pouco mais de uma década, uma nova região produtora de vinhos no Brasil surgiu no nordeste do estado de São Paulo, a qual necessita de pesquisas relacionadas à VP. No município de Espírito Santo do Pinhal, SP, e em um vinhedo com a cultivar Chardonnay irrigada por gotejamento, realizou-se um experimento de dois anos (2017 e 2018) com os seguintes objetivos: i) avaliar se mapas de distribuição espacial do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) podem auxiliar na identificação de diferentes padrões de vigor vegetativo, teor de água na planta, produção e maturação de uvas; ii) determinar zonas para o monitoramento da umidade do solo (θ) com base em atributos do solo em vinhedos. Amostras de solo foram coletadas para determinar as frações granulométricas (areia, silte e argila) e a água disponível no solo. Medidas da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa), θ e NDVI (em vários dias) foram realizadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise geoestatística e interpolação por krigagem para geração de mapas de classes de valores. Dois procedimentos foram aplicados para a determinação de zonas homogêneas da granulometria do solo, CEa e θ. Mapas de zonas homogêneas de NDVI foram utilizados como referências para a escolha de plantas para determinação do vigor vegetativo, do potencial hídrico foliar e de atributos relacionados à maturação de bagas e à produção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Precision viticulture (PV) can contribute for a better management of wine grape production system. A new wine production region emerged a little over a decade ago in the northeast of state of São Paulo, Brazil, where VP research should be addressed. In the municipality of Espírito Santo do Pinhal, a two years (2017-2018) experiment was carried out in a cv. Chardonnay vineyard irrigated by a drip system with the following objectives: i) to evaluate if maps of spatial distribution of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can help for the identification of different patterns of vegetative vigor, plant water status, yield and berry maturation; ii) to determine zones based on soil attributes for help in the selection of soil water content (θ) monitoring sites. Soil samples were collected to determine the granulometric fractions (sand, silt, and clay) and the available soil water. Measurements of soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), soil moisture (θ) and NDVI (on several days) were performed. Data were submitted to geostatistical analysis and interpolation by kriging to generate maps of value intervals. Two procedures were applied to the determination of homogeneous zones of soil fractions, ECa, and θ. Maps of NDVI homogeneous zones were used as guidance for plant choosing to determine vegetative vigor, leaf water potential, berry characteristics and plant yield. NDVI represented the grapevine vegetative vigor and was directly related with its production potential in the two growing seasons and indirectly related with berry ripening in a year of lower rainfall in the maturation period. Maps of NDVI spatial distribution can be used as guidance of monitoring sites of maturation indices and leaf water potential and yield estimation. The geostatistical and multivariate analyses based on the soil attributes used allowed the delimitation of zones to the soil water content monitoring. ECa ... / Doutor

A análise da composição química das uvas é de grande importância para avaliar a data da colheita e a produção de vinhos de qualidade. O estudo do metabolismo das uvas é essencial para definirem-se em quais etapas os metabólitos são produzidos, assim como as proteínas e genes que regulam esses processos. Açúcares, polifenóis e ácidos orgânicos são importantes classes de metabólitos relacionados com o desenvolvimento de uvas. Os açúcares são os compostos que primeiramente indicam a data de colheita, sendo substâncias-chave em diversos processos biológicos. Os polifenóis tem se destacado por sua atividade antioxidante, além de participarem dos mecanismos de defesa da planta. Os ácidos orgânicos são responsáveis pela qualidade organoléptica e estão envolvidos em vários processos metabólicos. As proteínas não contribuem de forma significativa para o valor nutricional, mas são importantes marcadores de variedade para verificar adulterações de vinhos. O Rio Grande do Sul é responsável por grande parte das uvas produzidas no país, e recentemente o Vale do São Francisco tem se destacado na produção destas frutas. Em regiões do Sudeste um manejo de podas diferenciado vem sendo feito para a obtenção de uvas com bons índices de maturação e resistência a doenças fúngicas. Uvas produzidas em Água Vermelha e Louveira, interior de São Paulo, foram estudadas durante a maturação com relação a análises físico-químicas, perfil proteômico, por eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massas, e perfil metabolômico de antocianinas, polifenóis não-antociânicos, ácidos orgânicos e açúcares por técnicas cromatográficas e eletroforéticas acopladas a detectores por arranjo de diodos e/ou espectrometria de massas. Os resultados foram analisados por ferramentas de análise multivariada e comparados com uvas maduras das regiões Sul e Nordeste. Foram observadas tendências de agrupamento das uvas verdes devido à maior acidez e das uvas maduras devido à maior concentração de antocianinas e açúcares, sendo que o perfil de antocianinas pode ser utilizado como marcador de origem varietal. Em termos do perfil proteômico foi possível estabelecer diferenças entre variedades de uvas, além de uma tendência com relação à origem geográfica. Foram identificadas 74 proteínas relacionadas principalmente, às funções de defesa e resposta a stress, metabolismo de carboidratos e metabolismo energético. / Analysis of the chemical composition of grapes is very important to evaluate harvest time and production of high quality wines. The study of grape metabolism is essential to define in which stages metabolites are produced, as well as proteins and genes that regulate these processes. Sugars, polyphenols and organic acids are important classes of metabolites related with grape development. Sugars are compounds that primarily indicate harvest time, and they are key substances in various biological processes. Polyphenols have been noted for its antioxidant activity, also for taking part in mechanisms of plant defense. Organic acids are responsible for organoleptic quality, and they are evolved in diverse metabolic processes. Proteins do not contribute significantly to the nutritional value, but they are important variety markers to verify adulterations of wines. Rio Grande do Sul is responsible for most of the grapes produced in Brazil, and recently Vale do São Francisco has received attention because of the production of these fruits. In some regions of Southeast a different pruning handle has started to obtain grapes with good levels of ripeness and resistance in developing fungal diseases. Grapes cultured in Água Vermelha and Louveira, São Paulo State, were studied during ripening in relation to physical-chemical analysis, proteomic profile, by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the metabolomic profile of anthocyanins, non-anthocyanin polyphenols, organic acids and sugars by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques coupled to diode array and/or mass spectrometry detectors. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis and compared with those of mature grapes from South and Northeast regions. The data show clustering of green grapes due to higher acidity and clusters of mature grapes due to higher anthocyanin and sugars concentrations, and the profile of anthocyanins can be used as a varietal marker. Considering the proteomic profile, it was possible to group different varieties of grapes with a trend in relation to geographical origin being also observed. It was identified 74 proteins related, mainly, to defense and stress response, carbohydrate metabolism and energetic metabolism.

Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Fungal diseases in vineyards are one of the main causes leading to economic losses within the viticultural sector and are continuously increasing over years. The most common of these fungal diseases are powdery mildew, downy mildew and grey mould. Commercial fungicides to treat the above-mentioned diseases are available and their usage is regulated under Act 36 of 1947 to comply with Good Agricultural Practises (GAP). However, the application of less-harmful, natural alternative fungicides to control vineyard diseases are currently an important research focus since the demand for organic products by consumers and retail companies are increasing. However, fungicide residues can alter the fermentation process and prevent some biochemical pathways of yeast metabolism involved in phenolic and/or aroma compound production that are critical for sensory quality. Therefore the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of fungicide treatments on the fermentation rate, yeast proteins expressed, aroma compounds released and sensory profile of wines produced. In the study, Chenin Blanc grapes treated with chemical and natural fungicides (1x treatment and 2x treatment) under Good Agricultural Practises (GAP) were used to produce small-scale wines and laboratory-scale fermentations. Laboratory-scale fermentations were conducted in duplicate using the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) Active Dry Wine Yeast (ADWY) strains VIN 13 and VIN 7. The fermentations were monitored by frequently weighing until they stabilised (CO2 weight loss). Small-scale wines were produced using the commercial S. cerevisiae ADWY strain VIN 13 only. Wines were made according to the standard Nietvoorbij experimental winemaking procedure. At the end of fermentation, lees samples were plated onto Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose (YPD) agar and colonies grown were subjected to CHEF gel electrophoresis to confirm that the S. cerevisiae yeast strain inoculated at the beginning of the fermentation completed it. Moreover, fermenting wine samples, collected at the start (lag phase) and at end of fermentation (stationary phase), were subjected to protein extraction, quantification and characterisation in order to investigate fermenting wine yeast proteins. Furthermore, the final wines were subjected to chemical analyses as well as measurement of aroma enhancing metabolites (esters, higher alcohols, fatty acids and thiol compounds) using GC – FID and MS. Additionally, duplicate samples of the wines were evaluated sensorially by a trained panel of 12 winemakers and researchers, using an unstructured line scale. Wines were compared to the control wine according to visual (colour), flavour (tree fruit, tropical fruit, and wine foreign), taste (body mouthfeel, acidity) and overall quality. The data collected from the study was statistically analysed using a two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and subject to a multiple factor analysis (MFA). From the results obtained in the above study, it was concluded that yeast strains used for winemaking completed the fermentations at a similar rate to their respective controls. In addition, small-scale cellar fermentations showed that fungicide treatments (1x treatment and 2x treatment) compared to the controls had no notable negative effects on wine aroma and sensory profiles although differences were observed in the proteins expressed after the fermentation. Overall, the fungicide treatments did not negatively affect the yeast performance, yeast protein expressed, aroma compounds released and sensory profiles of the wines produced. Further studies are recommended on other white as well as red wine grape cultivars to fully assess the effects of the fungicides.

Orientador: Marco Antonio Tecchio / Coorientador: Fernando José Haerroth / Banca: Sarita Leonel / Banca: Reginaldo Teodoro de Souza / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de produtos alternativos para indução da brotação das cultivares de videira Niagara Rosada e Cabernet Sauvignon, como o Erger®, Bluprins® e Orobor® em diferentes doses e combinações destes produtos, comparando-os com o método convencional pelo uso do Dormex® (cianamida hidrogenada). Foram realizados, no ciclo de produção 2016/2017, dois ensaios em condições de clima subtropical no Estado de São Paulo, um em Botucatu e outro no município de São Manuel, utilizando a cultivar de uva para mesa Niagara Rosada. Outros dois ensaios foram realizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul em um pomar comercial localizado no município de Flores da Cunha, com a cultivar vinífera Cabernet Sauvignon. Concluiu-se que em Botucatu, o tratamento Erger® 5% + nitrato de cálcio 4% apresentou efeito significativo para produção e produtividade estimada, isso comparado com os tratamentos de Dormex® 5%. Já em São Manuel, a dose de 2,5% de Erger® + nitrato de cálcio 4% resultou em produção semelhante ao tratamento convencional com Dormex®, sendo apresentada melhor qualidade de fruto com a dose de 3,0% de Erger® + nitrato de cálcio 4%. Para os ensaios no Rio Grande do Sul, o tratamento Erger® 2,5% + nitrato de cálcio 4% apresentou efeito significativo, tanto na produção, quanto na produtividade do número de cachos por plantas, comparado com os tratamentos de Dormex® 4%. Já no segundo ensaio, o tratamento Dormex® 2% + Erger® 2% apresentou os maiores valores para a produção, pr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of alternative products for induction of 'Niagara Rosada' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine cultivars, such as Erger®, Bluprins® and Orobor® in different doses and combinations of these products, comparing them with the conventional method by using of Dormex® (hydrogenated cyanamide). Two experiments in subtropical climate conditions were carried out in the production cycle 2016/2017 in the State of São Paulo, one in Botucatu and another in the municipality of São Manuel, using the 'Niagara Rosada' grape cultivar. Two other trials were carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul in a commercial orchard located in the municipality of Flores da Cunha, with the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wine cultivar. It was concluded that in Botucatu, the treatment Erger® 5% + 4% calcium nitrate presented a significant effect for production and estimated productivity, compared to the treatments of Dormex® 5%. In San Manuel, the treatment 2,5% Erger® + 4% calcium nitrate resulted in a similar production to the conventional treatment with Dormex®, presenting a better fruit quality with the 3,0% Erger® + calcium nitrate 4%. For the trials in Rio Grande do Sul, the treatment Erger® 2,5% + calcium nitrate 4% had a significant effect on both yield and number of bunches per plant compared to treatments of Dormex® 4%. In the second trial, the Dormex® 2% + Erger® 2% treatment presented the highest values for production, estimated yield and number of bunches, indicating the possibility of combining sprout inducers to improve the productive response of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' vines / Mestre

Orientador: Elizabeth Orika Ono / Banca: Marco Antonio Tecchio / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Leonardo Pretto de Azevedo / Banca: Guilherme Augusto Canella Gomes / Resumo: A produção vitivinícola no Brasil é uma atividade econômica recente, quando comparada aos tradicionais produtores mundiais. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a videira „Cabernet Franc‟ submetida à poda extemporânea nas condições da região sudeste do Brasil, bem como avaliar os efeitos da desfolha parcial do dossel vegetativo na fisiologia, produção e qualidade de frutos em vinhedo comercial no munícipio de São Roque - SP, Brasil. O primeiro experimento visou caracterizar a duração dos estádios fenológicos nos ciclos de produção de 2012/13; 2013/14; e 2014/15, sempre submetido ao manejo de produção extemporâneo. O segundo experimento avaliou o efeito da desfolha parcial na fisiologia, produtividade e qualidade das uvas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e sete repetições (blocos), onde cada parcela foi constituída de quatro plantas. Os tratamentos consistiram em três diferentes níveis de desfolha: T1 - testemunha sem desfolha; T2 - desfolha da base do ramo até 1º cacho; T3 - desfolha da base do ramo até 2º cacho. A desfolha foi executada a partir do início da maturação e mudança de cor nas bagas. Durante o período, compreendido entre o início da maturação e a colheita, foram feitas amostragens semanais de 50 bagas em cada tratamento para avaliação de: massa de bagas; teor de sólidos solúveis; pH e acidez titulável. Com relação aos parâmetros fisiológicos foram mensurados o potencial hídrico foliar e as trocas gasosas quanto aos diferentes tratamentos. As uvas da variedade Cabernet Franc (Vitis vinífera L.) atingiram índices satisfatórios de maturação sob manejo de dupla poda extemporânea. Os meses de novembro, dezembro e janeiro não são adequados para realização da dupla poda extemporânea. Em razão da elevada pluviosidade durante o período de crescimento herbáceo das videiras, ... / Abstract: The wine production in Brazil is a recent economic activity compared to traditional producers worldwide. This research aimed to characterize the vine „Cabernet Franc 'submitted for extemporaneous pruning the conditions of southeastern Brazil, and to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation of the canopy physiology, production and fruit quality. The studies were conducted under field conditions in commercial vineyard in the municipality of São Roque - SP, Brazil. The first experiment was to characterize the phenology of cultivating and number of leaf pulverization since its planting in December 2011 to May 2015, when submitted to the management extemporaneous production. The second experiment evaluated the effect of partial defoliation on yield and quality of grapes. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with three treatments and seven repetitions (blocks) where each plot consisted of four plants. The treatments consisted of different levels of defoliation: T1 - control without defoliation; T2 - defoliation the base of the branch by 1st bunch; T3 - defoliation the base of the branch to 2nd bunch. Defoliation was performed from the beginning of the maturation and change of berries's color. During the period between the beginning of maturation and harvesting, weekly samples of 50 berries were made for each treatment to evaluate: mass berries; soluble solids; pH and titratable acidity. Regarding the physiological parameters were measured leaf water potential and gas exchange about the different treatments. The grape variety Carbenet Franc (Vitis viníferas L.) achieved satisfactory indexes of maturation with double pruning extemporaneous. November, December and January are not suitable months to accomplish double pruning extemporaneous. The elevated rainfall during the vine herbaceous growth ... / Doutor

Depuis les années 2000, les odeurs de fruits cuits, évoquant le pruneau, la figue, ou encore la pêche cuite sont de plus en plus fréquemment retrouvées dans les vins rouges de la région bordelaise. Les marqueurs responsables de ces nuances associés à l’état de maturité des raisins sont inconnus. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que ces nuances, qui étaient jadis très rarement rencontrées dans les vins d’une appellation que nous avons appelée A, figurent aujourd’hui parmi les arômes considérés comme typiques de ces vins. Cependant, les dégustateurs qui assimilent ce caractère au type de cette appellation tendent à confondre l’arôme de fruits cuits du vin jeune à celui du caractère oxydé des vins prématurément vieillis. Les analyses par CPG-O, CPG-SM et CPG-CPG-SM de moûts et de vins marqués par des nuances de fruits cuits ont permis de valider l’existence de zones odorantes rappelant l’odeur de ces échantillons. L’analyse par GC-MS de nombreux échantillons de moût et de vin montrent que le furanéol (caramel), la γ-nonalactone (coco, pêche cuite), la (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one (géranium) contribuent à cet arôme. Nous révélons également l’existence d’un composé à odeur de fruits cuits, de type lactone et non identifié à ce jour. L’impact de la (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one est clarifiée pour la première fois dans les moûts. Nous précisons également l’incidence de la date de récolte des raisins de Merlot et Cabernet-Sauvignon sur l’arôme et la composition fine des moûts et des vins. La vinification de raisins récoltés tardivement voire flétris produit des vins marqués par des nuances de fruits cuits accompagnées de teneurs élevées en furaneol et γ-nonalactone. / In the 2000s, aromas of dried fruits, referring to prune, fig or cooked peach are found more and more often in Bordeaux red wines. The markers responsible for these aromas related to the grape maturity are unknown. Firstly, we show that these shades, which were rarely encountered in wines from an appellation named A in this study, are now part of the distinctive aromas of these wines. However, the tasters that assimilate these characteristics to the distinctive aromas and the type of the appellation tend to get mistaken between the cooked fruit aromas from young wines and the ones from the oxidized character of prematurely aged wines. The GC-O, GC-MS and GC-GC-MS analysis of musts and wines, that had shades of cooked fruits aromas, allowed to confirm the realness of a scented area reminding of the scent of the samples. The analysis by GC-MS of number of must and wine samples show that the furaneol (caramel), the γ-nonalactone (coconut, cooked peach), the (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one (geranium) take part in this aroma. We also reveal the presence of a lactone type compound having a cooked fruit aroma, but not identified so far. The influence of the (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one has been identified for the first time in musts. The influence of the harvest date of Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon grapes on the aromas and fine composition of musts and wines is also specified. Winemaking processing of grapes that have been late harvested, even with a withered appearance produces wines with shades of cooked fruits aromas and high content of furaneol and γ-nonalactone.

A análise da composição química das uvas é de grande importância para avaliar a data da colheita e a produção de vinhos de qualidade. O estudo do metabolismo das uvas é essencial para definirem-se em quais etapas os metabólitos são produzidos, assim como as proteínas e genes que regulam esses processos. Açúcares, polifenóis e ácidos orgânicos são importantes classes de metabólitos relacionados com o desenvolvimento de uvas. Os açúcares são os compostos que primeiramente indicam a data de colheita, sendo substâncias-chave em diversos processos biológicos. Os polifenóis tem se destacado por sua atividade antioxidante, além de participarem dos mecanismos de defesa da planta. Os ácidos orgânicos são responsáveis pela qualidade organoléptica e estão envolvidos em vários processos metabólicos. As proteínas não contribuem de forma significativa para o valor nutricional, mas são importantes marcadores de variedade para verificar adulterações de vinhos. O Rio Grande do Sul é responsável por grande parte das uvas produzidas no país, e recentemente o Vale do São Francisco tem se destacado na produção destas frutas. Em regiões do Sudeste um manejo de podas diferenciado vem sendo feito para a obtenção de uvas com bons índices de maturação e resistência a doenças fúngicas. Uvas produzidas em Água Vermelha e Louveira, interior de São Paulo, foram estudadas durante a maturação com relação a análises físico-químicas, perfil proteômico, por eletroforese bidimensional e espectrometria de massas, e perfil metabolômico de antocianinas, polifenóis não-antociânicos, ácidos orgânicos e açúcares por técnicas cromatográficas e eletroforéticas acopladas a detectores por arranjo de diodos e/ou espectrometria de massas. Os resultados foram analisados por ferramentas de análise multivariada e comparados com uvas maduras das regiões Sul e Nordeste. Foram observadas tendências de agrupamento das uvas verdes devido à maior acidez e das uvas maduras devido à maior concentração de antocianinas e açúcares, sendo que o perfil de antocianinas pode ser utilizado como marcador de origem varietal. Em termos do perfil proteômico foi possível estabelecer diferenças entre variedades de uvas, além de uma tendência com relação à origem geográfica. Foram identificadas 74 proteínas relacionadas principalmente, às funções de defesa e resposta a stress, metabolismo de carboidratos e metabolismo energético. / Analysis of the chemical composition of grapes is very important to evaluate harvest time and production of high quality wines. The study of grape metabolism is essential to define in which stages metabolites are produced, as well as proteins and genes that regulate these processes. Sugars, polyphenols and organic acids are important classes of metabolites related with grape development. Sugars are compounds that primarily indicate harvest time, and they are key substances in various biological processes. Polyphenols have been noted for its antioxidant activity, also for taking part in mechanisms of plant defense. Organic acids are responsible for organoleptic quality, and they are evolved in diverse metabolic processes. Proteins do not contribute significantly to the nutritional value, but they are important variety markers to verify adulterations of wines. Rio Grande do Sul is responsible for most of the grapes produced in Brazil, and recently Vale do São Francisco has received attention because of the production of these fruits. In some regions of Southeast a different pruning handle has started to obtain grapes with good levels of ripeness and resistance in developing fungal diseases. Grapes cultured in Água Vermelha and Louveira, São Paulo State, were studied during ripening in relation to physical-chemical analysis, proteomic profile, by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the metabolomic profile of anthocyanins, non-anthocyanin polyphenols, organic acids and sugars by chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques coupled to diode array and/or mass spectrometry detectors. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis and compared with those of mature grapes from South and Northeast regions. The data show clustering of green grapes due to higher acidity and clusters of mature grapes due to higher anthocyanin and sugars concentrations, and the profile of anthocyanins can be used as a varietal marker. Considering the proteomic profile, it was possible to group different varieties of grapes with a trend in relation to geographical origin being also observed. It was identified 74 proteins related, mainly, to defense and stress response, carbohydrate metabolism and energetic metabolism.

Orientador: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Elisabeth Orika Ono / Banca: Carmen Silvia Fernandes Boaro / Banca: Mauro Brasil Dias Tofanelli / Banca: Renato Vasconcelos Botelho / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a videira 'Sweet Sunshine' nas condições do submédio do Vale do São Francisco, bem como avaliar os efeitos de reguladores vegetais e fertilizante foliar no comportamento fisiológico, produtivo e na redução no índice de degrana em duas épocas, primeiro e segundo semestres. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos no 2º semestre de 2012 e no 1º semestre de 2013 e outro experimento com a mistura de reguladores vegetais e fertilizante foliar, apenas no 1º semestre de 2013. O primeiro experimento foi referente à caracterização fenológica do cultivar para o qual foram selecionadas 12 plantas, distribuídas em 4 blocos. O desenvolvimento fenológico do cultivar foi avaliado através de observações visuais realizadas semanalmente a partir da poda até a colheita. O segundo experimento foi referente à aplicação da mistura de reguladores vegetais (IBA+GA3+Kt) e fertilizante foliar (N, P2O5, S, Mo, Co): Testemunha; Reguladores vegetais a 1,6 L ha-1; Reguladores vegetais a 1,8 L ha-1; Reguladores vegetais a 2,0 L ha-1; Fertilizante foliar a 1,2 L ha-1 e Fertilizante foliar a 1,5 L ha-1. Os tratamentos foram aplicados na fase de inflorescências desenvolvidas, 14 dias após a primeira e 14 dias após a segunda aplicação. O experimento, referente a uma única aplicação da mistura de reguladores vegetais combinados com fertilizante foliar, aplicado na fase de crescimento de bagas, apresentou os seguintes tratamentos: Testemunha; Reguladores vegetais 1,6 L ha-1 + fertilizante foliar 1,2 L ha-1; Reguladores vegetais 1,6 L ha-1+ fertilizante foliar 1,5 L ha-1; Reguladores vegetais 1,8 L ha-1 + fertilizante foliar 1,2 L ha-1 e Reguladores vegetais 1,8 L ha-1 + fertilizante foliar 1,5 L ha-1. Os dados foram submetidos a análises de covariância. Os efeitos da aplicação de reguladores vegetais e fertilizante foliar foram avaliados pelas análises ... / Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the 'Sweet Sunshine' grapevine in "Vale do São Francisco" submedium, as well as evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizer on physiological and productive characteristics, and reducing the a fruitlet abscission index, in two periods, first and second semesters. Two experiments were performed both in the 2nd semester of 2012 and 1st semester of 2013, and another experiment with the mixture of plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizer only in the 1st semester of 2013. The first experiment was related to phenological characterization, for which were selected 12 plants, distributed in 4 blocks. The phenology of the cultivar was evaluated by visual observations performed weekly from pruning to harvest. The second experiment was related to the application of plant growth regulators (IBA+GA3+Kt) and foliar fertilizer (N, P2O5, S, Mo, Co): Control; plant growth regulators 1.6 L ha-1; plant growth regulators 1.8 L ha-1; plant growth regulators 2.0 L ha-1; Foliar Fertilizer 1.2 L ha-1 and foliar fertilizer 1.5 L ha-1. The treatments applications were carried out in separate flowers, 14 days after the first one and 14 days after the second application. The experiment, referring to a single application of the mixture of plant growth regulators combined with foliar fertilizer, in growing berries phase, presented the following treatments: Control; plant growth regulators 1.6 L ha-1 + foliar fertilizer 1.2 L ha-1; plant growth regulators 1.6 L ha-1 + foliar fertilizer 1.5 L ha-1; plant growth regulators 1.8 L ha-1 + foliar fertilizer 1.2 L ha-1; plant growth regulators 1.8 L ha-1 + foliar fertilizer 1.5 L ha-1. Data were subjected to analysis of covariance. The effects of the plant growth regulators... / Doutor

Orientador: Roberto da Silva / Coorientador: Ellen Silva Lago Vanzela / Coorientador: Isidro Hermosín Gutiérrez / Banca: Vânia Regina Nicoletti Telis / Banca: Natália Soares Jazantti / Banca: Carolina Merhes Dinni / Banca: Suzana Lucy Nixdorf / Resumo: O jambolão (Syzygium cumini (L.)) e a uva BRS Violeta (BRS Rúbea x IAC 1398-21) são frutas com potencial para o desenvolvimento de produtos desidratados com elevada concentração de compostos fenólicos. Assim, este estudo constituiu-se de três objetivos principais: obter produtos desidratados a partir de sucos de jambolão e da uva BRS Violeta pelo processo de secagem em leito de espuma por ar quente a 60, 70 e 80 °C e por liofilização (controle); b) estudar as alterações químicas (compostos fenólicos totais (CFT), atividade antioxidante (AA)), físicas (cor) e bioquímicas (atividade enzimática de polifenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) e pectinametilesterase (PME)) após processamento das frutas na forma de sucos e produtos desidratados; c) estudar as alterações qualitativas e quantitativas dos compostos fenólicos sofridas pelas frutas após processamento na forma de sucos e produtos desidratados, bem como durante armazenamento (150 dias) a 4, 25 e 35 °C dos produtos desidratados utilizando um sistema de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de arranjo de diodo acoplado à sistema de ionização por eletronebulização e espectrômetro de massas (CLAE-DAD-SIE-EM/EMn). Para obtenção dos produtos desidratados, primeiramente, obteve-se os sucos das frutas e estes foram adicionados em formulações contendo emulsificantes, estabilizantes e antiumectantes visando obtenção de espumas estáveis e aptas ao processo de secagem. Após etapa de secagem nas três temperaturas,... / Abstract: Jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.)) and BRS Violeta (BRS Rúbea x IAC 1398-21) cultivar grapes are fruits with the potential for the development of dehydrated products with a high concentration of phenolic compounds. And so, this study consisted of three main objectives: (a) to obtain dehydrated products from the jambolan and BRS Violeta grape juices using the foam mat drying process by hot air at 60, 70 and 80 ° C and lyophilization (control); (b) study the chemical (total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA)), physical (color) and biochemical (enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and pectinamethylesterase (PME)) changes after processing the fruit into juice and then dehydrated products; and (c) to study the qualitative and quantitative changes in the phenolic compounds after processing the fruit into juices and then dehydrated products, as well as during storage of the dehydrated products (150 days at 4, 25 and 35 °C) using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector coupled to a mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization system (HPLC-DAD-EIS-MS/MSn), To obtain the dehydrated products, fruit juices were first obtained and these were added into formulations containing emulsifiers, stabilizers and anti-humectants in order to obtain stable foams suitable for the drying process. After drying at the three temperatures, it was found, for both fruits, that the foams dehydrated faster at 80 °C but still presented a concentration of phenolic compounds similar to those obtained at 60 and 70 °C. PPO, POD and PME were present in the two fruits and, after their processing to obtain the juices, there were significant reductions in their activities, mainly the PPO and POD of the BRS Violeta grape. For the dehydrated products of both fruits, there was total (100%) inactivation of all three enzymes. In both the jambolan an ... / Doutor

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-180) Appendix A. Vineyard disease survey maps -- appendix B. Log linear graphs