<p> This paper is a general examination of the applicability of the growth pole and the growth center concepts to development planning in underdeveloped nations. It is found that, because of the problems which are unique to each concept and the characteristics which are unique to each economic setting, the notions are not generally applicable. Analysis also suggests that the prime factor determining the success or failure of any development strategy is the political environment of the host country. The future does not appear to be particularly bright, due to the lack of progress with these growth notions and the existence of no real alternatives, and due to the political and institutional inertia prevalent within underdeveloped nations.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

This diploma thesis deals with the relationship between the city and its surroundings. In the theoretical part of the thesis are at first clarified basic terms which are needed for a good understanding of the problematic together with theoretical approaches dealing with the urban form and development. Specifically - the revolutions according to Vere Gordon Childe and The life-cycle theory by Leo van den Berg. Further the thesis includes a description of the two approaches of the Keynesian theories: The theory of growth poles in the concept of Francois Perroux and The theory of cumulative causation in the concept of Gunnar Myrdal and Albert Otto Hirschman. These approaches are then compared. The practical part examines the relationship between the city and its surroundings on the basis of statistical analysis on several cases. Specifically cities Copenhagen, London, Budapest and Prague are analyzed.

There is an urbanization trend in the world. Sweden is no exception. Today, approximately 85 percent of Sweden's population live in urban areas, which means that urbanization has grown considerably since the beginning of the 19th century when 90 percent of Sweden's population lived in rural areas. At the same time as urbanization has grown stronger, employment commuting, both within and across municipal boundaries, has increased. Improved infrastructure in the form of better road networks, faster and denser public transport and an increased number of passenger cars are all contributing factors to this. As an effect of the increased commuting, local labour markets have been expanded in many places and so-called regional enlargement has been created.   The aim of this study is to map and analyse the development pattern, with the focus on the population, in the Umeå region during the period 2000 to 2015. The purpose is also to discuss the development in the region and it’s connection to theories and the general development.   The study is a descriptive quantitative study based on municipal statistics from SCB. The study describes population development in different demographic dimensions for all municipalities in the Umeå region.   The study's results indicate that the Umeå region has had a positive development between 2000 and 2015, but the differences within the region are high. Umeå municipality is the municipality that had the strongest growth, while the surrounding municipalities had a weak, and in some cases also a negative development. You can see clear traces of urbanization in the region, not only Umeå municipality has had a positive development, but primarily Umeå city.     Keywords: population development, urbanization, local labor markets, regional enlargement, growth poles

In the past decades, exacerbating regional disparities in the European Union as well as the newly joined Eastern European states have led to a growing interest in examining the spatial embeddedness of development. Hungary, a small and very monocentric country, has experienced rapid growth in the region of its capital city and its surrounding, whereas formerly lagging regions continued to fall behind. This thesis examines growing regional disparities in Hungary in order to provide a more comprehensive overview of the phenomenon and synthesise a growing body of both Hungarian and international literature based on their relevance for Hungary. As regional disparities rarely form an explicit research subject, the first aim of this thesis was to establish a suitable method for a comprehensive national level analysis. Within a mixed methodological framework, three theoretical perspectives on regional development were selected to analyse and reveal structural disparities, which were set in contrast with GDP levels of regions. On the one hand, the method proved to be useful to establish a refined rank order of the regions based on their approximated level and speed of development. On the other hand, the three different perspectives revealed structural strength and weaknesses underlying general development level of regions. The results did confirm the multiple advantages of the most developed regions, as well as the complex disadvantage of the most backward regions. Based on this experience a further increase in disparity levels can be expected in Hungary. Regions between the two extremes showed more heterogeneous outcomes across the perspectives, revealing very different development path and structural problems behind the performance level of these regions. Taken together, these findings support the heightening need of decentralization in Hungary, in order to tackle growing regional disparities and establish policy responses at a regional level.

Submitted by Alane dos Santos Viana (alane.viana@ucsal.br) on 2017-06-08T14:14:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOELINEBARRETO.pdf: 8767551 bytes, checksum: 8b2067f5b9c2a43831e067f353a17a86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-06-08T20:01:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOELINEBARRETO.pdf: 8767551 bytes, checksum: 8b2067f5b9c2a43831e067f353a17a86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T20:01:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAOELINEBARRETO.pdf: 8767551 bytes, checksum: 8b2067f5b9c2a43831e067f353a17a86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / O estabelecimento de um padrão urbano-industrial de aceleração de crescimento econômico da década de 1970, assegurado pela junção dos municípios com planejamento integrado em Regiões Metropolitana (RM) em 1973, conduziu a urbanização dos espaços com características locais diferentes. Esta tendência de homogeneização urbana-industrial transformou a dinâmica territorial de Dias d´Ávila. O território de Dias d´Ávila, localizado no melhor aquífero do Recôncavo Baiano, possuía sua identidade centralizada nas suas águas e as atividades econômicas ligadas à esta centralidade. No processo de aceleração de crescimento com a implantação de um polo de crescimento na Bahia, o Complexo Petroquímico de Camaçari (COPEC), a identidade territorial de Dias d´Ávila foi desconstruída. Decorridos 39 anos desta implantação, o COPEC, a partir dos anos 2000, passou a ter um padrão mais diversificado, sendo denominado de Polo Industrial de Camaçari (PIC), mas, Dias d´Ávila ainda possui desafios a serem enfrentados. Nesse estudo podem ser constatados, as transformações na territorialização histórica em Dias d´Ávila, a destituição de uma identidade subjetiva com as águas, as transformações ocorridas com a expansão urbana no processo de urbanização industrial, o padrão urbano-ambiental decorrente desta expansão, o padrão da ocupação territorial, evidencia também, as principais tensões ocorridas por uma gestão metropolitana debilitante, assim como, o surgimento do Polo Empresarial Governador César Borges (PEGCB) surgido por pressão urbano-industrial imposta pela metropolização em busca de constituir uma nova identidade local industrial. / The establishment of an urban-industrial pattern of accelerated economic growth of the 1970s, ensured by the merging of municipalities with integrated planning in the Metropolitan Regions (RM) in 1973, led to the urbanization of spaces with different local characteristics. This trend of urban-industrial homogenization transformed the territorial dynamics of Dias d'Ávila. The territory of Dias d'Ávila, located in the best aquifer of the Recôncavo Baiano, had its identity centralized in its waters and the economic activities linked to this centrality. In the process of acceleration of growth with the implementation of a growth pole in Bahia, the Complexo Petroquímico of Camaçari (COPEC), the territorial identity of Dias d'Ávila was deconstructed. After 39 years of implementation, COPEC, since 2000, started to have a more diversified pattern, being called the Polo Industrial of Camaçari (PIC), but Dias d'Ávila still has challenges to be faced. In this study we can see the transformations in the historical territorialization in Dias d'Ávila, the removal of a subjective identity with the waters, the transformations that occurred with the urban expansion in the industrial urbanization process, the urban-environmental pattern resulting from this expansion, the Territorial tensions, as well as, the emergent of the Polo Empresarial Governador César Borges (PEGCB) arising from urban-industrial pressure imposed by metropolization in order to constitute a new Local industrial identity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:34:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundoPAN_DISSERT.pdf: 2435889 bytes, checksum: ed3710cb220189ae12e49e97f5125f78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The object of this study involves the eolian energy and the scenario the training of wind pole in Rio Grande do Norte. The aim is to investigate how far the implementation of the potiguar eolian pole may represent a regional development policy with real change in the structure of the traditional local productive base. About the interaction between the public and private to development of the local eolian activity, the hypothesis is that there is no coordination between the sectors responsible for eolian activity in the state. The theoretical approach follows the developmental current and theory of growth poles, and methodology adopted is a search of exploratory and documentary, with analysis of relevant documents on the subject. As a result of the study it was found that owing to the fragility of the productive structure potiguar and imbalances produced by the concentration of capital in the Northeast, the eolian activity in the state, needs a greater state-owned intervention to ensure a basis of development based on the study and strengthening local productive chain / O objeto do presente estudo envolve a energia e?lica e o cen?rio da forma??o do p?lo e?lico no Rio Grande do Norte. O objetivo ? investigar at? onde a implanta??o do p?lo e?lico potiguar pode representar uma pol?tica de desenvolvimento regional com real mudan?a na estrutura da tradicional base produtiva local. Acerca da intera??o entre o p?blico e o privado para o desenvolvimento da atividade e?lica local, a hip?tese ? a de que n?o h? articula??o entre os setores respons?veis pela atividade e?lica do estado. O referencial te?rico adotado segue a ?gide desenvolvimentista e a teoria dos p?los de crescimento, e a metodologia adotada ? uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica de cunho explorat?rio e documental, com an?lise de documentos pertinentes sobre o tema. Como resultado do estudo verificou-se que em virtude da fragilidade da estrutura produtiva potiguar e dos desequil?brios apresentados pela concentra??o de capital no Nordeste, a atividade e?lica no estado carece de uma maior interven??o estatal no sentido de assegurar uma base de desenvolvimento pautada no estudo e fortalecimento da cadeia produtiva local