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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Uso histórico de los servicios ecosistémicos en la Isla Grande de Chiloé, Región de los Lagos, Chile: una aproximación conceptual

Pérez Orellana, Daniela Carolina 06 1900 (has links)
Seminario de Título entregado a la Universidad de Chile en cumplimiento parcial de los requisitos para optar al Título de Bióloga ambiental. / Este seminario de título propone, a través de un estudio de caso del sistema socio-ecológico de la Isla Grande de Chiloé (Región de Los Lagos, Chile), que es posible integrar el ciclo adaptativo socioecológico en el marco teórico de servicios ecosistémicos para el período 1826-2016. Se plantea que este sistema socio-ecológico complejo posee un contexto único, en el cual existe una percepción general en la comunidad de que los ecosistemas han sufrido una degradación significativa a lo largo de su historia, debido a procesos de gran escala (e.g. cambio climático) y de escala local (e.g. la expansión de la acuicultura); resaltando el evento de marea roja denominado “Mayo chilote 2016” que incrementa la discusión y opinión pública sobre el uso de los ecosistemas marinos, mostrando que el bienestar de los grupos humanos que habitan la isla depende de la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. El estado de los ecosistemas y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos usados históricamente por las sociedades humanas podrían constituir un buen indicador de la sustentabilidad de los sistemas socio-ecológicos. Primeramente, se reconstruyó la historia socio-ecológica para la Isla Grande de Chiloé, y a partir de ella, se elaboró el modelo del ciclo adaptativo que integra el uso histórico de los servicios ecosistémicos en cada fase identificada del modelo. Se determinó la existencia de seis fases en el ciclo adaptativo, dos de ellas corresponden a fases de colapso (Ω); es decir, donde la resiliencia socio-ecológica es baja. La primera está relacionada con la catástrofe originada ante el terremoto de 1960 y la última de estas ocurre ante el evento denominado Virus ISA (2007). En ambas fases es posible observar una disminución cualitativa de servicios ecosistémicos. Se plantea que el estudio y comprensión de la dinámica del sistema socioecológico de la Isla Grande de Chiloé ante perturbaciones internas y/o externas, permite caracterizar la resiliencia socio-ecológica y a partir de ella, comprender la dinámica sociedad-naturaleza en el tiempo. / This seminar proposes, through the study of a case study of the socio-ecological system of Isla Grande de Chiloé (Los Lagos region, Chile) for the period 1826 - 2016, that it is possible to integrate the Holling adaptive cycle and the theoretical framework of ecosystem services. This complex socio-ecological system has a unique context, in which there is a general perception in the community that ecosystems have suffered significant degradation over time due to the expansion of aquaculture; highlighting the red tide event called "Chilote May” in 2016, which increased the discussion and public opinion on the use of marine ecosystems, showing that human groups welfare inhabiting the island depends on the provision of ecosystem services. Considering that ecosystem services historically used by human societies could be a good indicator of the sustainability of socio-ecological systems, a socio-ecological history was reconstructed for Isla Grande de Chiloé, and from it. A conceptual model was developed integrating the historical use of ecosystem services in each identified phase for the adjusted model of the Holling adaptive cycle. It was determined the existence of six phases in the adaptive cycle, two of them collapse phases (Ω), where the socio-ecological resilience was low. The first was related to the catastrophe originated as the result of the 1960’s earthquake, and the last with the ISA Virus (2007). In both cases it is possible to observe a qualitative decrease in the use of ecosystem services. It is proposed that the study and understanding of the social-ecological dynamics of Isla Grande de Chiloé before internal and / or external disturbances, allows to characterize the socio-ecological resilience and from it, to understand the society-nature dynamics through time. / Este Seminario de Título fue financiado con fondos del proyecto FONDECYT Nº1170532: “Modelos conceptuales del sistema complejo sociedad-naturaleza: abriendo caminos hacia nuevas formas de construcción del desarrollo rural en Chile”. Investigadora responsable: Dra. Luisa E. Delgado.
2

Simulação e avaliação de comportamentos em sistemas multi-agentes baseados em modelos de reputação e interação

Pinto, Andrio dos Santos 22 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T13:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Hewlett-Packard Brasil Ltda / O presente trabalho se insere no contexto da simulação dos comportamentos e das interações entre grupos de humanos virtuais, e tem por objetivo maior, propor, estudar e avaliar um modelo multi-agente cooperativo utilizando um modelo de Reputação e Interação. Nesta dissertação visamos realizar um estudo sobre: (1) questões relacionadas à reputação, formação de grupos e relacionamentos em sistemas multi-agentes, considerando a cooperação, a traição e a confiança nas relações entre agentes; (2) o uso da simulação do problema do IPD (Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma, um problema clássico estudado na área da Teoria dos Jogos) como ferramenta para a análise do desempenho do comportamento de agentes, individualmente e em grupos; (3) um modelo de agente capaz de incluir em seu modelo atributos relacionados com a sua reputação, persona-lidade e capacidade de influenciar outros agentes; (4) o estudo da interação agente x agente e de seu impacto no comportamento dos agentes junto ao problema do IPD. Mais específicamente, nes / This work was developed in the context of human behavioral simulation and group interaction study. Our main goal was to propose, to study, to simulate and to evaluate a cooperative multi-agent model based on Interaction and Reputation models. This Master Thesis aims to study and discuss about: (1) questions related to multi-agent systems concerning reputation, agents grouping and relationships between agents (cooperation, betray, trust); (2) the adoption of the simulated IPD (Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma – a classical problem studied in Game Theory) as a tool for agents’ behavior analysis, which act individually or in groups; (3) a behavioral agent model that includes attributes and properties, as for example, reasoning about reputation, personality and ability to influence (or be influenced) by other agents; (4) the agent x agent interaction, considering different agent behaviors, analyzing the impact of their behaviors when faced to the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma problem. In this work we propose an experime

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