Configuration-bias Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate the structural property of liquid crystal. Our results show that the surface molecules of the smaller nanoclusters are formed the helical structure, In addition, the morphologies of nanoclusters show a tube-like structure when the surface molecules formed the helical structure; however, as the surface molecules do not form the helical structure, the morphologies of nanoclusters become a ball-like structure. For the tube-like structure, because of the configurations of nanoclusters are simpler, the nanoclusters will show an order structure. In the case of the ball-like structure, the molecules will attract with others, so the nanocluster reveals an ordered structure at local area. According to the result of the averaged order parameters, as the averaged order parameter larger than 0.5, the configuration of nanocluster will be a tube-like structure, while as the averaged order parameters smaller than 0.5, the configuration of nanocluster will form a ball-like structure.

No description available.

Athabasca asphaltenes were characterized using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with synchrotron radiation. Two methods were used to separate asphaltenes from Athabasca bitumen. Conventional chemical separation by precipitation with n-pentane, and physical separation realized by passing bitumen through a zirconia membrane with a 20 nm average pore size. The Athabasca permeates and chemically separated samples were dispersed in 1-methylnaphtalene and n-dodecane, with temperature and asphaltene concentration ranges of 50-310 C and 1-8 wt. %, respectively. Two approaches were also taken in the analysis of the SAXS emissions. A model-independent approach provided radii of gyration and scattering coefficients. A model-dependent fit provided size distributions for asphaltenes aggregates assuming that they are dense and spherical. Physically and chemically separated asphaltenes showed significant differences in nominal size and structure, and their structural properties exhibited different temperature dependencies. The results challenge the merits of using chemically separated asphaltene properties as a basis for asphaltene property prediction in crude oil/bitumen.

No description available.

This phenomenological study presents a map of spatial forces in Ivan Doig’s The Sea Runners. The investigation calls attention to forms of space-experience that come across as a sense of embeddedness in environment. Events, places, feelings, and moods materialize as being nested within greater events and places that are likewise nested in even larger ones. The study shows that experience, place, memory, hope, and narrative have nested structures. The embedding of narrated realities within larger realities is identified as a mode of organization central to the text’s complexity. Even the smallest acts, events, moods, and feelings are set within larger ones with greater scope, reach, or extension. The literary force of The Sea Runners is made possible by a sustained presentation of complexly interlocking orders of embedding. These orders are co-ordinated and synchronized in terms of movement. The study shows how kinetic systems of circulation, vanishing, encircling, and transformation overlap and reinforce each other so as to create a comprehensive co-ordination effect that colours the presentation of landscape and travel. Movement is highlighted in the essay as a factor that makes it possible for these kinetic structures to be fused in various patterns of co-ordination. In The Sea Runners, place and motion complexly combine to shape the narrated flow of lived experience. In its various orders of fluctuation, space-experience flows in intimate association with life-feeling and movement-sensation. Certain basic kinetic categories are delineated as being at the heart of the text’s overall structure. The study brings its findings to a conclusion by discussing these kinetic categories of lived space as running parallel to categories of lived temporality.

Předkládaná disertační práce se zabývá charakterizací, zpracováním a gelací rozpustného kolagenu. Literární rešerše shrnuje postavení kolagenu na trhu s transplantáty, jeho aplikace a jednotlivé typy kolagenu. Detailně jsou rozebrány jednotlivé metody charakterizace rozpustného kolagenu a způsoby jeho gelace. Experimentální část je rozdělena na dvě podkapitoly. První podkapitola experimentální části se zabývá rozpouštěním a gelací rozpustného kolagenu v natlakované CO2 atmosféře. Proti jiným podobným metodám, metoda pracuje na poměrně nízkém tlaku (do 0.9MPa) a je bezpečná z pohledu denaturace kolagenu neboť funguje za nízké teploty blízké 0°C. Tímto způsobem mohou být průhledné gely, obsahující velmi tenká vlákna kolagenu, vytvořeny mnohem rychleji než za použití konvenčních metod. Rychlost gelace a transparentnost dává konceptu potenciál v oblasti oftalmologie a měla by přinést podstatné výhody pro injektovatelné produkty, vytváření mikro kuliček a 3D tisk. Druhá část popisuje unikátní charakterizaci rozpustného kolagenu v nativním stavu pomocí metody průtokové frakcionace s víceúhlovým rozptylem světla (AF4-MALS). Získaná molekulová hmotnost (při nejvyšší detekované koncentraci) odpovídá předpovězené hmotnosti a nativní i denaturovaný kolagen lze snadno rozeznat v konformačním grafu. Tato nová metoda poskytuje konzistentní a stabilní výsledky ve srovnání s ostatními zavedenými metodami. Metoda může být použita pro optimalizaci kvality výtěžků během výroby rozpustného kolagenu, nebo pro citlivou detekci denaturace během zpracování kolagenu.