Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RHUANA THAYNA BARROS NASCIMENTO.pdf: 1187316 bytes, checksum: 1bfd916278f42a0339763cdef29c92df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-19 / The main objective of this study was to test if fish assemblages along Veríssimo river varied spatially and temporally in relation to the functional descriptors trophic guild and length class. In four stretches of the river, we sampled species quarterly between April/2008 and June/2009 using five traps (minnow-traps) and four sessions with gillnet. We selected sixteen species for the analyses which were present in all sampled points. We constructed a functional matrix for each descriptor considering relative abundance data (%). For each matrix we performed a nonparametric analysis (Kruskal-Wallis) followed by a post hoc analysis (multiple analyses) to verify if there are differences between the four sampling points of the river. We realized a Spearman correlation analysis between each matrix and the river width and, then, a Principal Component Analyses (PCA) to verify if sampling points could be ordered by the functional descriptors. All analyses above were performed using the software Statistica 7. We tested temporal synchrony of the functional descriptors using each functional matrix for a multiple co-inertia analysis (ACOM). These analyses were performed in software ADE-4. Differences between four points sampled were higher than expected by chance for trophic guild and length classes (p<0,0001 for both descriptors). Our post hoc analysis indicated differences higher than expected by chance between points P3 and P4 for trophic guild (p <0,01) and length classes (p<0,001), however, these differences are not correlated with river width. PCA analyses demonstrated that species from length class A (71,22%) and omnivores (30%) were more associated with point P4 while iliophagous fishes (56,17%) and those belonging to length class B (53,64%) are more associated with point P2. ACOM results demonstrated that points P2 (COS2 = 6,425 e 01; COV2 = 4,654 e + 00; RV = 0,82) and P3 (COS2 = 8,156 e - 01; COV2 = 3,186 e + 00; RV = 0,87) have a variation in their temporal pattern similar for what is expected for trophic guild and have a better synchrony. In the case of length classes, points P3 (RV = 0,82) and P4 (RV = 0,81) presents a better synchrony. Starting from the fifth sampling (January), we observed changes in the synchrony of functional descriptors. Spatial and temporal patterns of distribution from fish assemblages in Veríssimo river seems to reflect seasonality and the migratory behavior of the species Steindachnerina insculpta. / O objetivo principal deste estudo foi testar se as assembleias de peixes ao longo do rio Veríssimo variavam espacialmente e temporalmente em relação aos descritores funcionais guilda trófica e classes de tamanho. Em quatro trechos do rio, coletamos as espécies trimestralmente entre Abril/2008 e Junho/2009 utilizando cinco armadilhas (minnow-traps) e quatro sessões com rede de emalhar. Selecionamos dezesseis espécies para as análises, as quais estavam presentes em todos os pontos amostrais. Construímos uma matriz de dados para cada descritor funcional considerando os dados de abundância relativa (%). Para cada matriz conduzimos uma análise não-paramétrica (Kruskal-Wallis) seguida de uma análise post hoc (múltiplas análises) com o objetivo de verificar se há diferenças entre os quatro trechos amostrados. Realizamos uma análise de correlação de Spearman entre cada matriz e a largura do rio e, em seguida, uma Análise de Componentes Principais (em inglês PCA) com cada matriz para verificar se os pontos amostrados poderiam ser ordenados pelos descritores funcionais. As análises acima descritas foram feitas no programa Statistica 7. Testamos a sincronia temporal dos descritores funcionais usando cada matriz em uma análise de co-inércia múltipla (ACOM). Estas análises foram feitas no programa ADE-4. As diferenças entre os quatro pontos de amostragem foram maior do que o esperado ao acaso para guilda trófica e classes de tamanho (em ambos os casos p<0,001). Nossa análise post hoc indicou diferenças maiores do que o esperado entre os pontos amostrais P3 e P4 para guilda trófica (p <0,01) e classes de tamanho (p<0,001), entretanto, elas não estavam correlacionadas com a largura do rio. A PCA indicou que os peixes onívoros (30%) e da classe de tamanho A (71,22%) estavam mais associados ao ponto P4, enquanto os peixes iliófagos (56,17%) e da classe de tamanho B (53,64%) com o ponto P2. Os resultados da ACOM demonstraram os pontos P2 (COS2 = 6,425 e 01; COV2 = 4,654 e + 00; RV = 0,82) e P3 (COS2 = 8,156 e - 01; COV2 = 3,186 e + 00; RV = 0,87) possuem um padrão de variação temporal similar ao que seria esperado para guilda trófica. Para as classes de tamanho os pontos P3 (RV = 0,82) e P4 (RV = 0,81) apresentam uma melhor sincronia. A partir da quinta coleta (Janeiro), percebemos mudanças na sincronia dos descritores funcionais. Os padrões espaciais e temporais de distribuição das assembleias de peixes no rio Veríssimo parecem refletir a sazonalidade e o habito migratório da espécie Steindachnerina insculpta.

I studied a small, enigmatic, and imperiled black bear population in south-central Florida from 2004 - 2006. Annual home ranges of males (96.0 km2) were larger than those of females (32.2 km2). Female home ranges were smaller in winter than in summer or fall. At the landscape scale, bears selected forests, scrub, and citrus, but avoided urban areas. At the home range scale, bears selected bay swamp and hardwood hammock, but avoided urban areas and grassland. Bears selected bay swamp in winter, forests and scrub in summer, and forests, scrub, and marsh in fall. The bear’s diverse diet included citrus fruit. Important foods were acorn, saw palmetto fruit, and Florida carpenter ant. The local landscape is dominated by agriculture on private lands, as opposed to large contiguous forests on public land elsewhere in Florida black bear range. Mean patch size of forests was smaller, while edge density, diversity, and evenness were higher in south-central Florida than elsewhere in the state. Diversity of forest habitat may partially account for the persistence of the black bear in this fragmented landscape. Managers should encourage private landowners to adopt practices that promote bear habitat, and focus on habitat diversity, road crossings, and statewide metapopulation structure.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18560号 / 工博第3921号 / 新制||工||1602(附属図書館) / 31460 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 中川 一, 教授 藤田 正治, 准教授 川池 健司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T16:20:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As áreas úmidas são ecossistemas importantes para a conservação, devido à alta diversidade que sustentam. Os anfíbios anuros são importantes componentes das comunidades biológicas em áreas úmidas do sul do Brasil. A falta de informações a respeito da diversidade, riqueza, distribuição geográfica e ecologia de anuros é uma das principais limitações para sua conservação. Hidroperíodo e diversidade de habitats são importantes fatores que influenciam a distribuição de espécies e a estrutura das comunidades de anuros. No entanto, a real influência desses fatores sobre os anuros adultos e girinos em áreas úmidas de dunas costeiras do sul do Brasil é pouco conhecida. Este estudo teve como objetivo testar se a diversidade de habitat e o hidroperíodo influenciam na distribuição espacial e temporal de anuros em áreas úmidas costeiras do Rio Grande do Sul. Além disso, testamos se a similaridade na composição de espécies de anuros estava associada a descritores da estrutura dos habitats. Esses descritores foram área, núm / Wetlands are important ecosystems for conservation, due to the great biodiversity they support. Anuran amphibians are important components of the biological communities in southern Brazil wetlands. Lack of data is one of the main restrictions to conservation programs. In this sense, studies on diversity, species richness, geographic distribution, and ecology of anuran populations are needed. Hydroperiod and habitat diversity are important factors influencing species distribution and communities structure in anurans. However, there are no such data for adult anurans and tadpoles in wetlands of coastal dunes in southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to test whether habitat diversity and hydroperiod can be related to spatial and temporal distribution of anurans in wetlands of coastal dunes in Rio Grande do Sul. Besides, we tested whether anurans composition were associated to structural features. These features were area, numbers of drought, months of drought, anuran predator richness, floating vegetation,

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-05-03T17:40:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissABB.pdf: 2445269 bytes, checksum: c7b781256cf7da3798255d50866adf97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-04T14:13:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissABB.pdf: 2445269 bytes, checksum: c7b781256cf7da3798255d50866adf97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-05-04T14:13:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissABB.pdf: 2445269 bytes, checksum: c7b781256cf7da3798255d50866adf97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T14:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissABB.pdf: 2445269 bytes, checksum: c7b781256cf7da3798255d50866adf97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / Não recebi financiamento / Agriculture, urbanization and industrialization are some of the human activities that are constantly generating negative impacts on the environment. Much of this degradation directly affects exhaustible lotic systems that are important sources of water supply for the population. This provides the aggravation of problems in obtaining clean water. From this context, the present study aims to assess visual characteristics of habitats in the longitudinal gradient of Araras River and along with the seasonal monitoring of physical and chemical parameters of water quality, state of the natural environment conservation status, while characterizing the changes caused by anthropic activity. For the survey data, 6 points of evaluation were select, ranging from stretches of rural and urban areas. The evaluation took place using the Rapid Assessment Protocol of Habitat Diversity, which at the end of the application, defines the environment preservation level. The monitoring with collection of water samples complied with the climate (drought, intermediate and wet), totaling 13 parameters measured, submitted to analysis of simple variance (ANOVA), using as multiple comparisons test the Tukey test at 5% level of significance. Both, the results of water quality analysis and the PARs analysis showed degradation of shares in the Ribeirão das Araras, as a result of human activities. Regarding seasonality, there was a significant difference only between the parameters: total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride, sulfate and electrical conductivity, but without apparent climate relationship. Total phosphorus parameter, except for the 3rd poit, showed values above the limit, established by CONAMA, in the Resolution 357/05, with higher concentrations in the dry season. However, in the 5th point, it was highlighted by having higher concentrations in almost all parameters and also by disagreement in turbidity parameter in the interim period. The protocol described the whole gradient evaluated as amended (48.6 points). The points of greatest environmental criticality were the points 4 and 5, both classified as impacted. Together the tools showed that the points located in the urban area (4 and 5), are the most affected by human activities, mainly because of the margins occupation, channeling, rectification, removal of riparian vegetation, domestic sewage disposal, garbage on the banks, erosion, etc. So, the low-cost of tools adopted here, Ecokit and RAPs, provided to be an efficient way to evaluate the water resources. / Agricultura, urbanização e industrialização são algumas das atividades antrópicas, que estão constantemente gerando impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Grande parte dessa degradação afeta diretamente os esgotáveis sistemas lóticos que são importantes fontes de abastecimento de água para a população. Isso propicia o agravamento dos problemas em se obter água limpa. Partindo deste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar características visuais de habitats no gradiente longitudinal do Ribeirão das Araras e juntamente com o monitoramento sazonal dos parâmetros físicos e químicos de qualidade da água, indicar o estado de conservação do ambiente natural, sem deixar de caracterizar as alterações ocasionadas pela atividade antrópica. Para o levantamento dos dados, foram selecionados 6 pontos de avaliação, compreendidos entre trechos da zona rural e urbana. A avaliação se deu com a utilização do Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida da Diversidade de Habitats, que ao final da aplicação, define o nível de preservação do ambiente. O monitoramento com coletas de amostras de água obedeceu à sazonalidade climática (períodos de seca, intermediário e chuvoso), sendo no total 13 parâmetros mensurados, submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) simples, utilizando como teste de comparações múltiplas o teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Tanto os resultados das análises de qualidade da água, quanto o PARs apontaram ações de degradação na microbacia do Ribeirão das Araras, em decorrência das atividades antrópicas. Quanto a sazonalidade, houve diferença significativa apenas entre os parâmetros: nitrogênio total, fósforo total, cloreto, sulfato e condutividade elétrica, porém sem relação climática aparente. O parâmetro fósforo total, exceto no ponto 3, apresentou valores acima do limite estabelecido pela Resolução CONAMA 357/05, com maiores concentrações no período seco. No entanto, o ponto 5 teve destaque por apresentar maiores concentrações em quase todos os parâmetros e ainda, pela desconformidade no parâmetro turbidez do período intermediário. O protocolo classificou o todo do gradiente avaliado como alterado (48,6 pontos). Os pontos de maior criticidade ambiental foram os pontos 4 e 5, ambos classificados como impactados. Juntas as ferramentas permitiram concluir que os pontos localizados na região urbana (4 e 5) são os mais afetados pelas atividades antrópicas, sobretudo, pela ocupação das margens, canalização, retificação, retirada da vegetação ciliar, despejo de esgotos domésticos, lixo nas margens, processos erosivos, etc. Portanto, as ferramentas de baixo custo aqui adotadas (Ecokit e PARs), mostraram-se de maneira eficiente no que tange a avaliação dos recursos hídricos.

This thesis is a study of the morphology and sediment transport dynamics of mountain streams in southeast Australia. Mountain streams represent important geomorphological and ecological systems in Australia which have hitherto been poorly studied. The variability of mountain stream reach morphology was investigated at the regional scale using topographical surveys and sediment sampling techniques. Study sites were stratified by slope and local lithology. Eight channel-morphologies including Bedrock, Cascade, Step-pool, Planebed, Pool-Riffle, Cascade-pool, Riffle-step and Infilled, were identified using an objective statistical approach. Overall, channel types were found to correspond to existing reach-scale mountain stream templates. Five morphologies were associated with a specific lithology type which controlled the size and shape of grains supplied to the channels. Differences in coarse sediment transport processes between morphologies were investigated using stream monitoring techniques and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Monitoring results from a 3 year period indicated that channel beds are resistant to entrainment with shear stress thresholds for bedload transport ranging between 64 to 74 N/m2. Transport of reach median grain sizes requires floods that exceed bankfull discharge. Existing competence equations were found to over-predict the hydraulic driving force and consequently, a modified entrainment model was used to account for the regional channel characteristics. OSL dating was investigated as a tool to provide data on long-term sediment transport processes. Minimum age model results from the OSL dates show overall agreement with a selected entrainment model, and indicate differences in sediment transport dynamics between some reach morphology types. A regime model was used to quantify the physical domains of different channel morphologies. Limitations of the model were overcome by modifying the sediment supply surrogate to better reflect the dominant transported bedload size. Morphology types were delineated according to different sediment transport capacity-sediment supply domains. The distribution of channel morphology types within a series of catchments in southeast Australia was modelled within a GIS platform using the diagnostics of reach morphology derived from this study. The model provides a conceptual framework to evaluate the potential link between channel form, potential habitat diversity and aquatic biodiversity within the channel network in mountain streams.

This thesis is a study of the morphology and sediment transport dynamics of mountain streams in southeast Australia. Mountain streams represent important geomorphological and ecological systems in Australia which have hitherto been poorly studied. The variability of mountain stream reach morphology was investigated at the regional scale using topographical surveys and sediment sampling techniques. Study sites were stratified by slope and local lithology. Eight channel-morphologies including Bedrock, Cascade, Step-pool, Planebed, Pool-Riffle, Cascade-pool, Riffle-step and Infilled, were identified using an objective statistical approach. Overall, channel types were found to correspond to existing reach-scale mountain stream templates. Five morphologies were associated with a specific lithology type which controlled the size and shape of grains supplied to the channels. Differences in coarse sediment transport processes between morphologies were investigated using stream monitoring techniques and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Monitoring results from a 3 year period indicated that channel beds are resistant to entrainment with shear stress thresholds for bedload transport ranging between 64 to 74 N/m2. Transport of reach median grain sizes requires floods that exceed bankfull discharge. Existing competence equations were found to over-predict the hydraulic driving force and consequently, a modified entrainment model was used to account for the regional channel characteristics. OSL dating was investigated as a tool to provide data on long-term sediment transport processes. Minimum age model results from the OSL dates show overall agreement with a selected entrainment model, and indicate differences in sediment transport dynamics between some reach morphology types. A regime model was used to quantify the physical domains of different channel morphologies. Limitations of the model were overcome by modifying the sediment supply surrogate to better reflect the dominant transported bedload size. Morphology types were delineated according to different sediment transport capacity-sediment supply domains. The distribution of channel morphology types within a series of catchments in southeast Australia was modelled within a GIS platform using the diagnostics of reach morphology derived from this study. The model provides a conceptual framework to evaluate the potential link between channel form, potential habitat diversity and aquatic biodiversity within the channel network in mountain streams.

This thesis is a study of the morphology and sediment transport dynamics of mountain streams in southeast Australia. Mountain streams represent important geomorphological and ecological systems in Australia which have hitherto been poorly studied. The variability of mountain stream reach morphology was investigated at the regional scale using topographical surveys and sediment sampling techniques. Study sites were stratified by slope and local lithology. Eight channel-morphologies including Bedrock, Cascade, Step-pool, Planebed, Pool-Riffle, Cascade-pool, Riffle-step and Infilled, were identified using an objective statistical approach. Overall, channel types were found to correspond to existing reach-scale mountain stream templates. Five morphologies were associated with a specific lithology type which controlled the size and shape of grains supplied to the channels. Differences in coarse sediment transport processes between morphologies were investigated using stream monitoring techniques and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Monitoring results from a 3 year period indicated that channel beds are resistant to entrainment with shear stress thresholds for bedload transport ranging between 64 to 74 N/m2. Transport of reach median grain sizes requires floods that exceed bankfull discharge. Existing competence equations were found to over-predict the hydraulic driving force and consequently, a modified entrainment model was used to account for the regional channel characteristics. OSL dating was investigated as a tool to provide data on long-term sediment transport processes. Minimum age model results from the OSL dates show overall agreement with a selected entrainment model, and indicate differences in sediment transport dynamics between some reach morphology types. A regime model was used to quantify the physical domains of different channel morphologies. Limitations of the model were overcome by modifying the sediment supply surrogate to better reflect the dominant transported bedload size. Morphology types were delineated according to different sediment transport capacity-sediment supply domains. The distribution of channel morphology types within a series of catchments in southeast Australia was modelled within a GIS platform using the diagnostics of reach morphology derived from this study. The model provides a conceptual framework to evaluate the potential link between channel form, potential habitat diversity and aquatic biodiversity within the channel network in mountain streams.

This thesis is a study of the morphology and sediment transport dynamics of mountain streams in southeast Australia. Mountain streams represent important geomorphological and ecological systems in Australia which have hitherto been poorly studied. The variability of mountain stream reach morphology was investigated at the regional scale using topographical surveys and sediment sampling techniques. Study sites were stratified by slope and local lithology. Eight channel-morphologies including Bedrock, Cascade, Step-pool, Planebed, Pool-Riffle, Cascade-pool, Riffle-step and Infilled, were identified using an objective statistical approach. Overall, channel types were found to correspond to existing reach-scale mountain stream templates. Five morphologies were associated with a specific lithology type which controlled the size and shape of grains supplied to the channels. Differences in coarse sediment transport processes between morphologies were investigated using stream monitoring techniques and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Monitoring results from a 3 year period indicated that channel beds are resistant to entrainment with shear stress thresholds for bedload transport ranging between 64 to 74 N/m2. Transport of reach median grain sizes requires floods that exceed bankfull discharge. Existing competence equations were found to over-predict the hydraulic driving force and consequently, a modified entrainment model was used to account for the regional channel characteristics. OSL dating was investigated as a tool to provide data on long-term sediment transport processes. Minimum age model results from the OSL dates show overall agreement with a selected entrainment model, and indicate differences in sediment transport dynamics between some reach morphology types. A regime model was used to quantify the physical domains of different channel morphologies. Limitations of the model were overcome by modifying the sediment supply surrogate to better reflect the dominant transported bedload size. Morphology types were delineated according to different sediment transport capacity-sediment supply domains. The distribution of channel morphology types within a series of catchments in southeast Australia was modelled within a GIS platform using the diagnostics of reach morphology derived from this study. The model provides a conceptual framework to evaluate the potential link between channel form, potential habitat diversity and aquatic biodiversity within the channel network in mountain streams.

This thesis is a study of the morphology and sediment transport dynamics of mountain streams in southeast Australia. Mountain streams represent important geomorphological and ecological systems in Australia which have hitherto been poorly studied. The variability of mountain stream reach morphology was investigated at the regional scale using topographical surveys and sediment sampling techniques. Study sites were stratified by slope and local lithology. Eight channel-morphologies including Bedrock, Cascade, Step-pool, Planebed, Pool-Riffle, Cascade-pool, Riffle-step and Infilled, were identified using an objective statistical approach. Overall, channel types were found to correspond to existing reach-scale mountain stream templates. Five morphologies were associated with a specific lithology type which controlled the size and shape of grains supplied to the channels. Differences in coarse sediment transport processes between morphologies were investigated using stream monitoring techniques and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. Monitoring results from a 3 year period indicated that channel beds are resistant to entrainment with shear stress thresholds for bedload transport ranging between 64 to 74 N/m2. Transport of reach median grain sizes requires floods that exceed bankfull discharge. Existing competence equations were found to over-predict the hydraulic driving force and consequently, a modified entrainment model was used to account for the regional channel characteristics. OSL dating was investigated as a tool to provide data on long-term sediment transport processes. Minimum age model results from the OSL dates show overall agreement with a selected entrainment model, and indicate differences in sediment transport dynamics between some reach morphology types. A regime model was used to quantify the physical domains of different channel morphologies. Limitations of the model were overcome by modifying the sediment supply surrogate to better reflect the dominant transported bedload size. Morphology types were delineated according to different sediment transport capacity-sediment supply domains. The distribution of channel morphology types within a series of catchments in southeast Australia was modelled within a GIS platform using the diagnostics of reach morphology derived from this study. The model provides a conceptual framework to evaluate the potential link between channel form, potential habitat diversity and aquatic biodiversity within the channel network in mountain streams.