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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Search for new physics produced via Vector Boson Fusion in final states with large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector / Recherche de nouvelle physique dans le mode de production VBF dans un état final avec une grande énergie transverse manquante avec le détecteur ATLAS

Perego, Marta Maria 10 April 2018 (has links)
Cette thèse présente des recherches sur la nouvelle physique produite par le processus de Fusion de Bosons Vecteur (VBF) dans les états finaux avec une grand impulsion transverse manquante (Etmiss) en utilisant 36.1 fb⁻¹ de données de collisions proton-proton avec une énergie dans le centre de masse de 13 TeV, recueillies par l'expérience ATLAS au Large Hadron Collider (LHC) au CERN en 2015 et 2016. En particulier, elle se concentre sur la recherche de la désintégration invisible du boson de Higgs produit via le mode VBF. Comme le modèle standard de la physique des particules (MS) prédit une désintégration invisible de Higgs uniquement à travers le mode H->ZZ*->4v avec un rapport d’embranchement BR ~ 0,1%, si une désintégration en particules invisibles du boson de Higgs était observée avec un BR supérieur, ce serait un signe de nouvelle physique. Plusieurs modèles au-delà du modèle standard (BSM) prédisent des désintégrations du boson de Higgs en particules de matière noire (DM, non détectées) ou en particules massives neutres à vie longue. Parmi les recherches H->particules invisibles, la plus sensible est celle où le Higgs est produit via le mode VBF. Son état final est caractérisé par deux jets énergétiques, avec les caractéristiques typiques du mode VBF (c'est-à-dire une grande séparation angulaire et une grande masse invariante des deux jets) et une grande impulsion transverse manquante (Etmiss>180 GeV). Pour sélectionner un échantillon d'événements candidats de signal, une région de signal (SR) est définie pour maximiser la fraction d'événements de signal attendus par rapport à la prédiction du MS (bruit de fond). Les processus MS qui peuvent peupler la SR proviennent principalement des processus Z->vv+jets et W->lv+jets, où le lepton est perdu ou non reconstruit. Leur contribution est estimée avec une approche semi-data driven : des régions dédiées enrichies en événements W->lv/Z->ll sont utilisées pour normaliser les données des estimations de Monte Carlo (MC) en utilisant une technique de fit simultané (méthode du facteur de transfert) et pour les extrapoler à la SR. L'estimation de fond prédit est comparée aux données SR observées. Comme aucun excès n'est trouvé, une limite supérieure sur le BR (H-> invisible) est calculée. L'analyse est ensuite réinterprétée dans le cadre de modèles inspirés du modèle Minimal Dark Matter. Le cas d'un nouveau triplet fermionique électrofaible, avec une hypercharge nulle et avec interactions respectant le nombre B-L, ajouté au MS fournit un bon candidat Dark Matter (WIMP pure). Si on considère l'abondance thermique, la masse du composant neutre est d’environ 3 TeV. Cependant des masses plus faibles sont également envisageables dans le cas de mécanismes de production non thermiques ou lorsque le triplet ne constitue qu'une fraction de l'abondance de DM. Il peut être produit à des collisionneurs proton-proton tels que le LHC et il peut être sondé de différentes manières. Une fois produites, les composantes chargées du triplet se désintègrent dans le composant neutre le plus léger, χ0 , avec en plus des pions très mous, en raison de la petite différence de masse entre les composants neutres et chargés. Ces pions de très faible impulsion ne peuvent pas être reconstruits et sont donc perdus. Le χ0 est reconstruit comme de l’Etmiss dans le détecteur. Par conséquent, lorsqu'il est produit via VBF, il donne lieu à une signature avec deux jets VBF et de l’Etmiss, le même état final que celui qui a été étudié pour l'analyse de VBF H->invisible. Des points de masse différentes (de 90 GeV à 200 GeV) ont été engendrés avec les programmes Monte Carlo Madgraph+Pythia, dans le cadre du logiciel officiel ATLAS, et les limites supérieures sont définies sur la section efficace fiducielle de production. Des extrapolations à des luminosités plus élevées (Run3 et HL-LHC) en utilisant une approche simplifiée sont également présentées. / This thesis presents searches for new physics produced via Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) in final states with large Missing Transverse Momentum (Etmiss) using 36.1 fb⁻¹ of data from proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass-energy of 13 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN during 2015 and 2016. In particular, it focuses on the search for the invisible decay of the Higgs boson produced via the vector boson fusion (VBF) process. As the SM predicts an Higgs invisible decay only through H->ZZ*->4v with Branching Ratio BR~0.1%, if an invisibly decaying Higgs boson would be observed with a higher BR, this would be a sign of new physics. Several Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) models predict invisibly decaying Higgs boson where the Higgs can decay into dark matter particles or neutral long-lived massive particles. Among the H->invisible searches the most sensitive one is the one where the Higgs is produced via the VBF process. Its final state is characterized by two energetic jets, with the typical features of the VBF mode (i.e. large angular separation and large invariant mass) and large missing transverse momentum (Etmiss>180 GeV). To select a sample of signal candidate events, a Signal Region (SR) is designed to maximize the fraction of expected signal events with respect to the SM prediction (backgrounds). The SM processes which can populate the SR comes mainly from Z->vv+jets and W->lv+jets processes, where the lepton is lost or not reconstructed. Their contribution is estimated with a semi data driven approach: dedicated regions enriched in W->lv/Z->ll events are used to normalize to data the Monte Carlo (MC) estimates using a simultaneous fitting technique (transfer factor) and to extrapolate them to the SR. The predicted background estimate is compared to the observed SR data. Since no excess is found, an upper limit on the BR(H->inv) is set. The analysis is then reinterpreted in the context of models inspired by the Minimal Dark Matter model. The case of a new electroweak fermionic triplet, with null hypercharge and with interactions respecting the B-L number, added on top of the SM provides a good Dark Matter candidate. As such, it is an example of pure Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP), meaning that it is a DM particle with SU(2)_L SM interactions which is not mixing with other states (pure).If the thermal abundance is assumed, the mass of the neutral component is around 3 TeV, however smaller masses are also allowed in case of non-thermal production mechanisms or if the triplet constitutes only a fraction of the DM abundance. It can be produced at proton-proton colliders such as the LHC and it can be probed in different ways. Once produced, the charged components of the triplet decays into the lightest neutral component chi0 plus very soft charged pions. chi0 is reconstructed as Etmiss in the detector while the pions, because of the small mass splitting between the neutral and charged components, are so soft that are lost and are not reconstructed. Therefore, when produced via VBF, it gives rise to a signature with two VBF jets and Etmiss, the same final state that has been investigated for the VBF Higgs invisible analysis. Different mass point (from 90 GeV to 200 GeV) have been generated with the Madgraph+Pythia, Monte Carlo programs within the official ATLAS software, and upper limits are set on the fiducial cross section. Extrapolations to higher luminosities using a simplified approach are also presented.
102

Recherche de gluons scalaires avec le détecteur ATLAS auprès du LHC / Search for scalar gluons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Renaud, Adrien 30 November 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse décrit la recherche de nouvelles particules scalaires octets de couleur dans les données de l'expérience ATLAS auprès du Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (LHC). Pour une large gamme de masse, la désintégration de ces scalaires en deux partons du MS domine. Cela motive la recherche de ces nouveaux scalaires dans des états finaux multijet, où ils se signaleraient comme des résonances dijet. Comme les nouveaux scalaires sont produits par paires, un état final contenant au moins quatre jets est utilisé comme environnement de recherche. Une méthode est développée pour extraire une possible résonance multijet scalaire du grand fond QCD et est utilisée pour chercher de tels scalaires dans les données de l'expérience ATLAS collectées en 2010 et 2011. Les données sont en accord avec l'estimation du fond et des limites sont posées sur la section efficace de production des scalaires en fonction de leur masse. En interprétant ces limites dans des modèles de supersymétrie, le gluon scalaire du MRSSM et du modèle hybride N=1/N=2 est exclu à 95 % CL entre 100 et 287 GeV. Les limites sont aussi interprétées dans un modèle de symétrie de jauge à la QCD, où le sgluon est remplacé par l'hyperpion qui est exclu dans une gamme de masse légèrement plus restreinte de part sa section efficace plus faible. / This thesis describes the search for new color-octet scalar particles in the ATLAS experiment data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). For a wide range of mass, the decay of the scalar to two SM partons dominates. This motivates the search for these new scalars in multijet final states, where they would manifest as dijet resonances. As the new scalars are products in pairs, a final state containing at least four jets is used as a search environment. A method is developed to extract a possible scalar resonance from the multijet QCD background and is used to search for such scalar in the data from the ATLAS experiment collected in 2010 and 2011. The data are in agreement with the estimation of the background and limits are set on the scalar production cross section as a function of the scalar mass. Interpreting these limits in models of supersymmetry, the scalar gluon of the MRSSM and of the hybrid N=1/N=2 model is excluded at the 95 % CL between 100 and 287 GeV. Limits are also interpreted in a model of gauge symmetry à la QCD, where the sgluon is replaced by the hyperpion excluded in a mass range slightly smaller because of its smaller cross section.
103

Search for the Higgs boson decaying to bottom quarks and W boson tagging techniques at the ATLAS experiment at the LHC

Bristow, Timothy Michael January 2016 (has links)
The Standard Model of particle physics is currently the most complete theory of subatomic particles. The discovery of the Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV in 2012 further validated the Standard Model, providing evidence for the theory that vector bosons obtain non-zero masses through the Higgs mechanism. Studies are ongoing to determine the exact nature and properties of the Higgs boson. A Higgs boson of this mass is predicted to decay to a pair of b-b quarks with a branching ratio of 58%, however this decay mode has not yet been observed. This thesis presents a search for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a leptonically decaying W boson, WH → ℓvb-b, using 20.3 fb-1 of Run 1 data collected by ATLAS at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of ps = 8 TeV. The observed (expected) significance of a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV for the WH → ℓvb-b process is found to be 2:7σ (1:3σ). The measured cross section in units of the expected Standard Model cross section has a best-fit value of μ = μ/μSM = 2:2+0:67-0:64(stat:)+0:7-0:59(syst:) = 2:2+0:97-0:87. The results are combined with the search for ZH → v-vb-b and ZH → ℓ+ℓ-b-b to provide a best-fit value of μ = μ/μSM = 1:1+0:61-0:56. The start of Run 2 of the LHC in 2015 saw the collision energy being raised to √s = 13 TeV, increasing the probability of particles being produced with a large momentum boost. At these high energies there is also a possibility to discover new particles and interactions. An extension of the Standard Model, the Heavy Vector Triplet (HVT) model, describes new heavy vector bosons W¹ and Z¹, which can decay to pairs of heavy bosons (W, Z or Higgs bosons). If the W0 and Z0 bosons are sufficiently heavy, the hadronic decays of the diboson final states produce boosted jets. In this thesis, methods for identifying hadronically decaying boosted bosons are developed, based on techniques that examine the internal substructure of the jet. Multiple substructure variables are combined into a single discriminant using two machine learning techniques: boosted decision trees and deep neural networks. Simulated events of W¹→WZ → q-qq-q are used to develop these boosted W boson taggers. An improvement in the background rejection power, whilst keeping 50% of the signal, over previous boosted W boson taggers of up to 13%-when using deep neural networks-and 36%-when using boosted decision trees-is obtained. The performance of the new boosted W boson taggers are evaluated in a search for a narrow WW resonances from the decay of a Z¹ with boson-tagged jets in 3.2 fb-1 of pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector.
104

Search for Supersymmetry in Final States with Leptons with the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider

Hamer, Matthias 10 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
105

Physics with Jets in Association with a Z Boson in pp-collisions with the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider

Bierwagen, Katharina 19 June 2013 (has links)
Die Arbeit beschreibt die Messung des Wirkungsquerschnittes für die Produktion von Jets in Ereignissen mit Z-Bosonen in Proton-Proton Kollisionen bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von √s = 7 TeV mit einer integrierten Luminosität von ∫Ldt = 36 pb−1 und ∫Ldt = 4.6 fb−1 aufgenommen mit dem ATLAS Experiment am Large Hadron Collider in Genf. Die inklusiven und differenziellen Wirkungsquerschnitte für Z (→ e+ e−) + jets werden für Jets mit einem Transversalimpuls von pT(jet) > 30 GeV und einer Rapidität von |y(jet)| < 4.4 gemessen. Die Datensätze erlauben Messungen in vorher nicht zugänglichen Phasenraumregionen und können genutzt werden, um die Modellierungen von Z/γ∗ + jets in typischen Phasenraumregionen, die vom Zerfall des Higgs Bosons oder Suchen nach neuer Physik erwarten werden, zu testen. Die Ergebnisse werden auf Partonlevel entfaltet und mit Vorhersagen verschiedener Monte-Carlo Generatoren und Vorhersagen der perturbativen QCD in nächst-führender Ordnung verglichen.
106

Prospects for probing the structure of the proton with low-mass Drell-Yan events in ATLAS

Ince, Tayfun 17 November 2010 (has links)
The biggest scientific experiment in history will begin taking data in late 2009 using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The LHC is designed to collide protons at an unprecedented 14 TeV centre of mass energy, enabling physicists to explore the constituents of matter at smaller scales than ever before. The Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) are parametrizations of the proton structure and are best determined from experimental data. The PDFs are needed to calculate cross-sections or in other words the likelihood of observed physical processes, which are crucial in exploiting the discovery potential of the LHC. The prospects for measuring the Drell-Yan (DY) spectrum are assessed in the low invariant mass region below the Z boson resonance using e+e− pairs from the initial LHC data in order to probe the proton structure and further constrain the PDFs. The analysis is based on the full simulation of the ATLAS detector response to DY electrons and background processes. Assuming 100 pb−1 of LHC data, the total DY crosssection in the invariant mass range from 10 GeV to 60 GeV is expected to be measured as DY = 5.90±0.24(stat)±0.18(syst) nb. The result predicts an improvement over a current theoretical uncertainty of 7.6% and indicates that the PDF uncertainties can be reduced significantly with the early LHC data.
107

Accounting for jet response induced MET backgrounds to new physics at the ATLAS experiment at CERN’s LHC

Courneyea, Lorraine 01 September 2011 (has links)
Detector mis-modelling or hardware problems may cause an excess of Missing Transverse Energy (MET) to be inferred in physics events recorded in ATLAS, leading to higher than expected backgrounds for new physics. In particular, non-Gaussian tails in the MET distribution are unlikely to be well modelled in Monte Carlo simulations. To account for this, a technique has been established to improve the background predictions derived from Monte Carlo simulations. This is done using a correction derived through comparison of control samples in data and Monte Carlo simulation. Two different control samples are used to create the correction, giving a range of predictions for the shape of the MET tail and aiding the calculation of systematic errors. This technique is then applied to several samples which are potential backgrounds to new physics which give detector signatures which include MET. / Graduate
108

Signals of new physics at the LHC and colliders of future generation

Navarro, Roy Daniel Alva January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Kenichi Mizukoshi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2016. / Searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model are important subjects at the current Run-2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and next generation colliders. In this context, we make independent studies of the phenomenology of a new hypothetical heavy Majorana neutrino (N) and a heavy spin-1 charged vector (W¿) at the LHC and a future 100 TeV very large hadron collider (VLHC), we also study the potential of the future International Linear Collider (ILC) to measure the rare h ! Z Higgs decay. Toward this end, the N production via the W fusion process is investigated and found it to be larger than the Drell-Yan production for mN > 1 TeV at the 14 TeV LHC and for mN > 770 GeV at the 100 TeV VLHC. Then we computed the discovery potential of the these colliders to discover an N using the same-sign dimuon channel. In the case of the h ! Z Higgs decay we investigated the Higgsstrahlung production at the 250 GeV ILC, we found that a sensitivity of 58% can be reached in the inclusive ¿Ê¿Ê X channel with 3 ab.1, where X denotes the inclusive decay of the Z boson from the Higgs. Finally, in the case of the W¿, we studied its contribution to the h ! Higgs decay process and constrained the strength of the W¿W¿h interaction. Finally, we study the Drell-Yan W¿ production with its decay to the Wh pair at the LHC.
109

Measurement of jet production in association with a Z boson at the LHC and jet energy correction calibration at high level trigger in CMS

Zhang, Fengwangdong 08 June 2017 (has links)
This PhD dissertation presents the measurement of the cross section of jet production in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider in CERN, with a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV in 2012 and of 13 TeV in 2015. The data used for this analysis were collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector, with an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb-1 in 2012 and of 2.25 fb-1 in 2015. The differential cross section is measured as a function of jet multiplicity, jet transverse momentum and rapidity, and the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta. The rapidity correlations between the Z boson and jets are also measured benefiting from the large statistics of data taken in 2012. All distributions of measured observables are obtained after correcting detector effects using unfolding approach, and the results of two leptonic decaying channels of Z boson are combined. Coming along with the systematic and statistical uncertainties, the measurement is compared to different theoretical predictions at different accuracy levels. The predictions are from MADGRAPH 5, SHERPA 2 (for 8 TeV analysis only), MADGRAPH_AMC@NLO, and fixed next-to-next-to-leading order (for 13 TeV analysis only). Thanks to the unprecedented high energy and the large statistics of data, precision measurement is accomplished in a physical phase space never reached before. This measurement provides precise systematics for different theoretical models. It also quantifies the improvement with higher order of perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations on matrix elements relative to the leading order multi-leg approach. In particular to the rapidity correlation study, new matching schemes (FxFx and MEPS@NLO) for next-to-leading order matrix elements and parton shower show significant improvements with respect to the MLM matching scheme for leading order multi-leg matrix elements and parton shower. This measurement also gives precise background estimation for the measurements of many other processes in Standard Model like top quark production and gauge boson couplings, and for new physics searches such as Supersymmetry. In this thesis, the jet energy correction and calibration for the high level trigger system of CMS are also depicted. From 2012 to 2015, the Large Hadron Collider was upgraded, not only with the center-of-mass energy of the beams enlarged, but also with the instantaneous luminosity increased. The time distance between two particle bunches in a beam is reduced. As a result, the reconstructed momenta of the jets produced in each bunch crossing are significantly contaminated by multiple interactions. A dedicated technical approach has been developed for correcting the reconstructed jet momenta. The corrections have been calibrated and configured for the data taking in 2015 and 2016. / Cette thèse présente une mesure de la section efficace de production de jets associés à un boson Z dans les collisions proton-proton du Grand Collisionneur de Hadron (LHC) situé au CERN, avec des énergies dans le centre de masse de 8 TeV et 13 TeV, respectivement pour les années 2012 et 2015. Les données utilisées pour cette analyse ont été collectées par le détecteur Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS). Elles constituent des échantillons de luminosités intégrées de 19.6 fb⁻¹ et 2.25 fb⁻¹, respectivement pour 2012 et 2015. Nous mesurons la section efficace différentielle en fonction de la multiplicité de jets, de l’impulsion transverse et de la rapidité des jets, et en fonction de la somme scalaire des impulsions transverses des jets. La corrélation entre les rapidités du boson Z et des jets est aussi mesurée et bénéficie de la large statistique prise en 2012. Toutes les distributions d’observables mesurées sont obtenues après corrections pour les effets détecteurs et les résultats des canaux de désintégration muonique et électronique du boson Z sont combinés. Tenant compte des incertitudes statistiques et systématiques, les mesures sont comparées à différentes prédictions théoriques ayant différents niveaux de précision. Les prédictions sont obtenues de MADGRAPH 5, SHERPA 2 (pour l’analyse à 8 TeV uniquement), MADGRAPH_AMC@NLO, et un modèle fixé au NNLO (pour l’analyse à 13 TeV uniquement). Par ces mesures de précisions, et en particulier celle de la corrélation de rapidités, nous avons acquis une compréhension plus approfondie de la chromodynamique quantique dans son régime perturbatif. Grâce à la plus haute énergie jamais atteinte en laboratoire, et à la grande statistique disponible, nous avons sondé avec précision des endroits de l’espace des phases jusque là inaccessibles.Dans cette thèse, les corrections et la calibration de l’énergie des jets pour le haut niveau de sélection de CMS est également présentée. Durant la période de 2012 à 2015, le LHC a été amélioré, non seulement l’énergie dans le centre de masse a augmenté, mais la luminosité instantanée a aussi été amplifiée. L’écart temporelle entre deux paquets de particules dans les faisceaux du LHC a été réduite. L’une des conséquences est que l’impulsion reconstruite pour les jets produits lors d’un croisement de faisceau à une contribution significative venant des multiples interactions ayant lieux lors du croisement des paquets. Une approche technique dédiée a été développée pour corriger l'impulsion des jets. Les corrections obtenues ont été calibrées aux données prises en 2015 et 2016. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
110

Calibration of b-tagging and search for Dark Matter : Calibration of b-tagging efficiency and search for Dark Matter production in association with heavy flavour quarks with the ATLAS experiment

Shcherbakova, Anna January 2017 (has links)
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the most powerful and complex particle accelerator ever built. The ATLAS and the CMS are the two multipurpose particle detectors at the LHC, designed to cover a wide range of physics measurements. Three physics studies performed using data of proton-proton collisions collected with the ATLAS detector are presented. The identification of jets originating from b quarks, also known as b-tagging, is a crucial tool for many physics analyses at the LHC. This thesis presents a calibration of the b-tagging efficiency for high transverse momentum jets using a new calibration technique. This analysis is based on template fits and uses multi-jet events, which allows to perform the calibration for jets with transverse momenta up to 1200 GeV. This thesis also describes a completed and connected technical project on the development of the b-tagging ATLAS software. Dark Matter (DM) is a new phenomenon introduced to explain astrophysical observations. The nature of DM is one of the most important subjects of investigations in the modern physics, and many of these investigations are carried out at the LHC. A search for DM production in association with a pair of heavy flavour quarks has been recently performed in ATLAS at a centre-of-mass energy √s = 8 TeV under the Effective Field Theory approach. A re-interpretation of the results of this search under assumption of the simplified models is presented. A set of simplified models is considered with various DM masses, masses of the spin-0 exchange particle, that mediates the interaction between DM and the regular matter, and various values of couplings. Benchmark models are chosen to be used in the DM searches at √s = 13 TeV. The last part of the thesis presents a search for DM production in association with a pair of top quarks performed under assumption of the simplified models with spin-0 mediator, using the data collected at a centre-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV. The observed data are shown to be in good agreement with the Standard Model predictions, and upper limits are set on a ratio between the observed DM production cross section and the value expected by the simplified model.

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