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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Detecção do citomegalovirus e poliomavirus na cistite hemorragica em transplantados alogenicos de celulas progenitoras hematopoeticas / Detection of cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus in hemorrhagic cystitis in allogenic recipients in haematopoetic stem cell transplantation

Tavares, Carla Aparecida 25 August 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Sandra Cecilia Botelho Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T11:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavares_CarlaAparecida_M.pdf: 2590689 bytes, checksum: f1ca87aa51c2db9aa3fe97a2330a029c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A reativação da infecção pelo Citomegalovírus humano (HCMV) e pelo Poliomavírus (BKV) no uroendotélio, vem sendo relacionada a complicações como a Cistite Hemorrágica (CH) em receptores de transplante de células progenitoras hematopoéticas (TCPH), o que representa um fator de risco para estes pacientes. Este estudo prospectivo de 41 receptores de TCPH teve como objetivos, detectar a infecção ativa pelo HCMV no sangue e pelo BKV em amostras de sangue e urina após TCPH, usando as técnicas de antigenemia (AGM), citologia urinária e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase tipo Nested (¿Nested-PCR") para se verificar a participação do HCMV e BKV como possíveis fatores de risco para CH e o impacto clínico destas viroses nestes pacientes. O monitoramento dos receptores de TCPH foi baseado em coletas de sangue para realização de AGM e "Nested-PCR" para detecção do HCMV e Citologia urinária para verificar células Decoy como um marcador de replicação viral, e também "Nested-PCR" de urina e sangue para diagnóstico de replicação do poliomavírus de todos os receptores (independente de Citologia urinária positiva ou negativa). Nos receptores estudados, a freqüência de AGM positiva para HCMV foi de 63,4%, com "Nested-PCR" positivo de 78%. A doença pelo HCMV ocorreu em 8/41 (21,1%) dos receptores, dos quais 1/8 (12,5%) veio a óbito. Dos 41 receptores 14 (34,1 %), tiveram BKV detectado na urina e 13 (31,7%) no sangue, todos os receptores que apresentaram infecção ativa pelo BKV tiveram também pelo HCMV, sendo que 16 (39%) evoluíram com CH. Estes resultados sugerem que o BKV juntamente com o HCMV em receptores de TCPH pode estar envolvidos na patogênese da CH, sendo assim, medidas preventivas baseadas na inibição da replicação viral de ambos os vírus poderão minimizar o impacto clínico da cistite hemorrágica nesse grupo de transplantados / Abstract: The reactivation of inrection by Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and by Polyomavirus (BKV) in the uroendothelium, has been related with haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) receptors, which represents a factor of risk for those patients. This prospective study of 41 HSCT receptors has the purpose of detect the active HCMV infection in the blood and BKV in blood and urine samples after HSCT, using antigenemia assay (AGM), urine cytology and Nested polymerase chain reaction ("Nested-PCR"), to verify the chance of participation of HCMV and BKV as factor of risk for HC and the clinic impact of these virus on those patients. The HSCT receptor' s monitoring was based in blood collection for AGM and "Nested-PCR" to detect HCMV and urine cytology to verify decoy celIs as a marker of BK virus replication, and "Nested-PCR" on urine and blood in alI receptors (independently of positive or negative cytology) as welL In the HSCT receptors, the frequency of positive AGM for HCMV was 63,4%, with a positive "Nested-PCR" of 78%. The HCMV disease occurred in 8/41 (21,1%) of the receptors, and 1/8 (12,5%), dead. Among the 41 receptors, 14 (34,1%) had BKV detected in the urine and 13 (31,7%) in the blood. All the receptors that showed active infection by BKV, had active infection by HCMV, as well, and 16 (39%) developed HC. These results suggest that BKV and HCMV, together, in HSCT receptors might be involved in HC pathogenesis. Being thus , prevents measurements based on viral replication inhibition for both vírus could minimize the clinic impact of hemorrhagic cystitis on those transplanted grou / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia
2

Diagnostico e genotipagem de citomegalovirus humano (HCMV) em receptores pediatrico de transplante de rim ou celulas tronco hematopoeticas / Diagnosis and genotyping of Human Cytomegalovirus in renal or haematopoetic stem cell pediatric transplant recipients

Dieamant, Debora de Campos 23 August 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Sandra Cecilia Botelho Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T12:27:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dieamant_DeboradeCampos_M.pdf: 2173566 bytes, checksum: ee57b8aa1f6592084b13483d2fc8d9ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A partir de 1960, com a evolução nos processos cirúrgicos para transplante, a infecção pelo HCMV começa a ser reconhecida como uma doença de importância clínica, sendo considerado o principal agente patogênico em hospedeiros com o sistema imunológico comprometido. Foi iniciada, em 1980, a utilização de medidas para o controle do vírus com agentes antivirais e intervenções imunológicas, e atualmente, os avanços para a compreensão dessa virose estão relacionados aos aspectos moleculares da infecção e controle clínico, principalmente nos grupos de risco. Sabendo-se da importância do diagnóstico precoce da infecção ativa e da identificação das linhagens de HCMV em pacientes transplantados por sua possível relação com a infectividade e apresentação clínica, este trabalho teve como objetivos principais: (1)Diagnosticar e monitorizar a infecção ativa por HCMV em receptores pediátricos de transplante de rim ou medula óssea em seguimento no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP e no Centro Infantil Boldrini;(2)Determinar a prevalência dos subtipos gB de HCMV na população estudada;(3)Avaliar a relação de uma determinada linhagem com o quadro clínico, apresentado pelos pacientes estudados, durante a infecção ativa e doença por HCMV. Para o diagnóstico da infecção ativa por HCMV, foram analisadas amostras de sangue de 42 pacientes transplantados pediátricos, atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP e Centro Infantil Boldrini, com idade entre 2 a 18 anos, sendo que 19 deles eram receptores de transplante renal e os outros 23, receptores de transplante de medula óssea. Foram utilizadas técnicas rápidas e precoces de diagnóstico: Antigenemia e Nested-PCR A identificação das diferentes cêpas do HCMV foi feita a partir do DNA de pacientes que apresentaram antigenemia e/ou 2 ¿Nested PCR¿ consecutivos positivos para a região IE do vírus. Para a genotipagem também foi utilizada a Nested-PCR para a amplificação da glicoproteína B seguida da análise de restrição com as enzimas Rsa I e Hinf I para que fosse possível a identificação da linhagem viral.A infecção ativa por HCMV foi diagnosticada em 20 (47,6%) dos 42 pacientes estudados, sendo 5/20 (21,7%) receptores de células tronco hemeatopoética e 15/20 (79%) receptores de transplante de rim. Deste pacientes que apresentaram infecção ativa pelo HCMV fizemos a genotipagem através de uma amostra positiva de sangue. Para os pacientes que apresentaram recorrência da infecção (5/20) a análise do genótipo viral foi feita nos dois períodos da infecção, caracterizando, em todos os casos, reatiavação viral. Como resultados da genotipagem tivemos uma prevalência do genótipo 1, encontrado em 45% (9/20) dos pacientes infectados pelo HCMV, sendo 7/15 receptores de rim e 2/5 receptores de células tronco hemetopoéticas. O Genótipo 2 também teve uma frequência considerável entre este pacientes apresentando uma prevalência de 25% (5/20) e sugeriu estar relacionado com um quadro clínico mais grave e reativação viral após tratamento. A mistura de linhagens também foi encontrada em 30% (6/20) dos pacientes estudados, gB1gB2 (3/6), gB1gB4 (2/6) e gB2gB3 (1/6). Os pacientes que apresentaram como linhagem viral a mistura de linhagens apresentaram melhor prognóstico da infecção ativa pelo HCMV. Os genótipos 3 e 4 não foram encontrados isoladamente em nenhuma amostra genotipada dos pacientes estudados / Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains the most important cause of serious viral infections in pediatric transplant recipients. In these patients, early diagnosis of active HCMV infection is important since the development of HCMV disease may be prevented. Ganciclovir has been established as an effective treatment agent for active infection by HCMV. HCMV disease can occur from infection acquired by the transplanted organ or from re-activation of latent infection. The risk is highest within 2 months of transplantation. Several risk factors for disease have been identified and include: HCMV-positive donor, HCMV-negative recipient, lack of anti-viral prophylaxis, and receipt of cadaveric kidney or type of bone marrow transplant. Intense immunosuppression has also been implicated. For discriminate patients with active infection from those without such infection, tests that include the pp65 antigenemia assay (AGM) and DNA detection methods are describle. The polymarase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive method for detection of HCMV DNA and active infection. The HCMV antigenemia assay is a rapid and quantitative method widely used as a guideline for starting treatment with ganciclovir. Genetic variability of functionally important genes among different virus strains may influence clinical manifestations of HCMV infections. These variabilities, mainly of the glycoprotein B (gB) gene of the viral envelope, appear to be of clinical relevance because they are assumed to play an essential role in the induction of immune response and in viral entry into host cells, and it has been considered as a potential marker for viral virulence. Based on the restriction analysis of PCR products (PCR-RFLP), the HCMV genotypes were determined previously, and it may possibly be helpful in predicting the clinical outcome of HCMV infection. The aim of this study were detect and monitoring active HCMV infection in pediatric patients recipients of renal or bone marrow transplantation using DNA detection and antigenemia tests and to study the prevalence of subtypes gB-HCMV in this patients and the clinical impact. Twenty patients (47.6%) were infected during the monitoring with N-PCR and/or AGM. Recurrent infection occurred in five out of 20 patients(25%). One of these patient (20%) had done bone marrow transplantation and four patients (80%) had renal transplant. The median time of the recurrent infection was 122 days (89-134). The patients that received ganciclovir prophylaxis had active HCMV infection and probable HCMV disease. Fourteen out of 20 patients (70%) developed probable HCMV disease. Three out of (21.4%) these patients were recipients of bone marrow transplantation and eleven (78.6%) were recipients of renal transplant. T he symptoms more frequent in these patients were fever, diarrhea and vomit. This symptoms associate with active HCMV infection were considered probable HCMV disease. Nested-PCR amplification and restriction enzyme digestion of the HCMV gene were performed in 20 patients with active HCMV infection and results in differentiation of four digestion patterns as previously demostrated (Chou and Dennison, 1991). The genotypes founds were: nine patients (45%) were compatible with the gB1 genotype; five (25%) were gB2 and six patients were mixture of gB types. In the patients that demostrated mixture of gB types, 3 (50%) were compatible with the gB1gB2; two (33.3%) were compatible with gB1gB4 and one (16.7%) were compatible with gB2 gB3. No found isolated gB3 and gB4 genotype in the patients studied. / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia
3

Hochdosischemotherapie bei Hodentumoren

Krusch, Andreas 24 November 2000 (has links)
Die Hochdosischemotherapie (HDCT) wurde als Therapiestrategie zur Verbesserung des Therapieansprechens bei Patienten mit rezidivierten und/oder refraktären Keimzelltumoren entwickelt. Im Zeitraum von August 1989 bis September 1995 wurden insgesamt 150 Patienten mit rezidivierten und/oder refraktären Keimzelltumoren in konsekutive Therapieprotokolle mit einer konventionell-dosierten Chemotherapie gefolgt von einem Zyklus HDCT mit Carboplatin in der Dosierung 1500-2000 mg/m², Etoposide in der Dosierung 1200-2400 mg/m² und Ifosfamid in der Dosierung 0-10 g/m² eingeschlossen und retrospektiv ausgewertet. Nach einem medianen Follow-up von 55 Monaten (Spanne 21-88 Monate) lebten 51/150 (34%) Patienten und waren tumorfrei. Das berechnete ereignisfreie Überleben lag bei 29%, das Gesamtüberleben bei 39%. Die Bedeutung von Prognosefaktoren für das Therapieansprechen auf HDCT wurden prospektiv bestätigt. Persistierende Toxizitäten traten bei gut einem Drittel der Langzeitüberlebenden auf. Die intensivierte Behandlung mit HDCT resultierte in einem signifikanten Anteil an Langzeitüberlebenden bei Patienten mit rezidivierten und/oder refraktären Keimzelltumoren. Klinische Studien zur prospektiven Evaluierung der HDCT als frühe Therapieintervention scheinen gerechtfertigt. / High-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) has evolved as a strategy to improve treatment outcome in patients with relapsed and/or refractory germ cell tumors. Between August 1989 and September 1995, 150 consecutive patients with relapsed and/or refractory germ cell tumors were treated with conventional-dose salvage chemotherapy followed by one cycle of HDCT with carboplation 1500-2000 mg/m², etoposide 1200-2400 mg/m² and ifosfamide 0-10 g/m² and were retrospetively analysed. With a median follow-up time of 55 month (range 21-88 month) 51/150 (34%) patients were alive and disease free. The projected event-free and overall survival are 29% and 39% respectively. The relevance of prognostic variables for long-term survival after HDCT were prospectively confirmed. Persisting toxicities occured in approximately one third of long-term survivors. Treatment intensification with HDCT resulted in a significant proportion of long-term survivors in patients with relapsed and/or refractory germ cell tumors. Trials to prospetively evaluate HDCT as an early intervention in these patients semm justified.

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