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No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ana Paula Meneses Rodrigues Bastos.pdf: 7482245 bytes, checksum: 53c78d7c961001851193f9c1a2562e55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-28 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Adult plants Copaifera genus are known to have one of the resin oils most commonly used in folk medicine, which credited to several pharmacological and cosmetic properties. In plant oil resin produced in secondary xylem, is used for its defense against various internal agents and external. In this paper we analyzed the essential oil extracted in young plants Copaifera Hayne multijuga in order to confirm the presence of coding sequences enzymes responsible for synthesis of oil and to generate a cDNA library. To the oil extraction was used the technique of steam distillation in Clevenger apparatus modified and then the spectrophotometric analysis of masses for classification of sesquiterpene compounds (essential oil). In chromatographic analysis allowed identification of various compounds present in both the young plant as the plant the adult Copaifera gender, such as ß-caryophyllene, α-copaene, D germacrene, α- humulene, δ-cadineno, γ-elemene, α-cubebeno and α-bergamotene etc. Minority studied. In one approach we used immunohistochemistry methods microscopic to locate secretory canals of the plant, where slides were prepared using semi-automated microtome, stained blue solution toluidine reagent and NADI. After these analyzes, proved the presence of these secretory ducts in young leaves, a cDNA library was constructed, utilizandose as a source of mRNA similar biological material (young leaves of C. multijuga), and subsequently their nucleotides sequenced by pirosenquenciamento the which was analyzed by computational biology, using programs prioritized biosynthesis of terpenes and sesquiterpenes, where their coding sequences enzymes were found, showing engagement of the mRNA in the oil construction not essential in adult plants of this species. Using techniques chromatography to identify phytochemicals compounds, together with methods histological and then the sequencing of genes expressed in young leaves and therefore the secretory oil rosin, allow confirmation of the biosynthesis various substances present in this oil as well as their metabolic pathways. Those Data are presented for the first time together, believing that they can helping to open new frontiers in research and development biotechnologies based upon its results. / As plantas adultas do gênero Copaifera são conhecidas por possuírem um dos óleos resina mais utilizados na medicina popular, ao qual creditam-se diversas propriedades farmacológicas e cosméticas. Na planta, o óleo resina, produzido no xilema secundário, é utilizado para sua defesa contra diversos agentes internos e externos. Neste trabalho analisou-se o óleo essencial extraído em plantas jovens de Copaifera multijuga Hayne, a fim de confirmar a presença de seqüências codificadoras de enzimas responsáveis pela síntese do óleo e gerar uma biblioteca de cDNA. Para a extração do óleo foi usada a técnica de arraste a vapor em aparelho de clevenger modificado e a seguir a análise espectrofotométrica de massas para classificação dos compostos sesquiterpênicos (óleo essencial). Na análise cromatográfica permitiu a identificação de vários compostos presentes tanto na planta jovem quanto na planta adulta do gênero Copaifera, como: ß-cariofileno, α-copaeno, D germacreno, α- humuleno, δ-cadineno, γ-elemeno, α-cubebeno e α-bergamoteno entre outros minoritários estudados. Numa abordagem histoquímica utilizou-se métodos microscópicos para localizar canais secretores da planta, onde lâminas foram preparadas utilizando o micrótomo semi-automático, coradas em solução de azul de toluidina e em reagente de NADI. Após estas análises, comprovada a presença desses ductos secretores em folhas jovens, foi construída uma biblioteca de cDNA, utilizandose como fonte de mRNA material biológico similar (folhas jovens de C. multijuga), sendo posteriormente seqüenciado seus nucleotídeos por meio de pirosenquenciamento, o qual foi analisado por biologia computacional, utilizando-se programas que priorizaram a biossíntese dos terpenos e sesquiterpenos, onde suas seqüências codificadoras de enzimas foram encontradas, mostrando envolvimento do mRNA na construção do óleo essencial em plantas não adultas desta espécie. A utilização de técnicas cromatográficas para identificação de compostos fitoquímicos, aliadas a métodos histológicos e posteriormente ao seqüenciamento de genes expressos de folhas jovens e, portanto secretoras de óleo resina, permitiram a confirmação da biossíntese de diversas substâncias presentes nesse óleo, bem como suas rotas metabólicas. Esses dados são apresentados pela primeira vez conjuntamente, acreditando-se que possam contribuir para a abertura de novas fronteiras na pesquisa e no desenvolvimento de biotecnologias baseadas em seus resultados.

Generally it is not adequate to calculate an allowable cut for a property by only one formula or method. Usually it is preferable to utilize all the information available with as many suitable formulae or methods as possible to obtain reasonable estimates of the yearly utilization rates by several approaches. For the University Research Forest fifteen different formulae and methods were selected for comparison, because their basic assumptions appeared applicable to this forest. The methods and formulae tested were: Methods: Area regulation, Area-volume check, Area-volume allotment, Barnes’ and H. A. Meyer's. Formulae: Austrian, Black Hills, Grosenbaugh, Hanzlik, Hundeshagen, Kemp, W. H. Meyer, S. Petrini (compound and simple interest) and Von Mantel. Appropriate inventory techniques were developed in order to collect the necessary information regarding rates of growth, mortality and numbers of trees per acre by diameter classes. Present and future decadal growing stocks were estimated. Simple and compound growth rates, including and excluding ingrowth, for all types were calculated separately for stands over eighty years of age and for stands under eighty years. The inventory was based on the areas and estimates taken from 1961 aerial photographs supplemented by both temporary and permanent sample plots, employing primarily the principles of the point sampling techniques as described by L. R. Grosenbaugh. After substituting the actual data into the formulae and various methods, allowable cut estimates for 3.1, 9.1, 11.1, and 13.1 inches minimum diameter limits were calculated. Allowances were made for an intermediate standard of utilization and for waste, breakage and decay. Considering the inventory and the allowable cut calculations it was found that: 1. Simple area regulation will lead to undesirably large fluctuations in allowable cut. 2. Volume formulae are useful means of determining the yearly harvest volume, though the distribution of the cut on the ground requires definition in terms of area as well. 3. Neither area nor volume control can be used exclusively. Some combination and integration is usually necessary in actual practice. In the case of the Research Forest this can be applied most conveniently by following the area-volume computation basis. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

The study of James Parton Haney is threefold in purpose. The first purpose is to study the life and educational background of Haney in order to gain an understanding of the man and his educational objectives. A second purpose is to gain an insight into Haney's philosophy of education, and the third purpose is to examine the available writings of Haney in an attempt to analyze his philosophy of industrial arts as a phase of general education.