Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-04T17:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Paloma Martins Mendon?a.pdf: 5837915 bytes, checksum: 4380ed0e7adefff59205996c112ae7af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T17:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Paloma Martins Mendon?a.pdf: 5837915 bytes, checksum: 4380ed0e7adefff59205996c112ae7af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-16 / CNPq / The Order Diptera is composed by about 153 thousand described species, but it is believed that the number of unknown species is much bigger. Adults and immature of some muscoid dipteran groups have little morphological differences, making the identification process more difficult. Besides, the available dichotomous keys are based on adults, but in the case of myiasis and cadaver colonization, only immature are found. These insects are known pathogen vectors, their larvae parasite humans and animais and they play an important role in forensic entomology. Therefore, the correct identification of these species is very important. This study aims to characterize features of medical, veterinary and forensic important dipteran species using two new approaches. The first chapter uses scanning electron microscopy which gives detailed information on the morphological characters that can help identify the immature forms of the flies. Immatures belonging to three muscoids with forensic and sanitary importance were studied using this methodology: Peckia (Eubaettcheria) cal/usar (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (larvae and puparia), Luc?lia cuprina (larvae and puparia) e Cachliamyia macellaria (eggs, larvae and puparia) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The size ofthe chorionic cells as well as the absence of spines at the posterior spiracle allowed to differentiate C. mace/faria from C. haminivarax, both myiasis causing species. The maxillary palp complex composed by a group of papillae inside a cavity seem to be specific to the subgenus Eubaeucheria. The anterior spiracular openings displaced in an irregular row are found exclusively in Sarcophagidae. The filiform spines at the anal segments are found only in the genus Lucilia. In the second chapter, barcading is used to provide a gene sequence database of medical, veterinary and forensically important Calliphoridae flies. This technique is based on the sequencing of a portion of the genome of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase l (cal) gene. Nine species of flies were collected in four regions in Brazil, corresponding to 346 specimens. Two other gene fragments ( elongation factor 1 alpha and white) were sequenced for the first time for some species. The barcade proposal was successfully achieved for Hemilucilia segmentaria, Hemi/ucilia semidiaphana, Chlarapracla idiaidea, Cachliamyia macellaria, Chrysamya megacephala and Chrysamya albiceps, for which the intraspecific variation was less than 3%. However, for Lucilia eximia, Chrysamya putaria and Chrysamya rufifacies, this methodology brought incipient results. Intraspecific variation among Lucilia eximia samples was 4.6%, suggesting that the threshold proposed should not be used for ali dipteran species without previous analysis of the studied group. Chrysamya putaria is polyphyletic according to nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In addition, a set of samples grouped with samples of C. albiceps and C. rufifacies. Therefore, more studies need to be clone to better explain these taxonomic problems. / A ordem Diptera ? composta por aproximadamente 153 mil esp?cies descritas, mas acredita-se que o n?mero de esp?cies ainda desconhecidas ? muito grande. Alguns grupos de d?pteros musc?ides possuem imaturos e adultos com poucas varia??es morfol?gicas, dificultando muito o processo de identifica??o. Al?m disso, as chaves dicot?micas existentes s?o baseadas nos adultos, entretanto, s?o os imaturos mais encontrados causando mi?ases ou colonizando cad?veres. Estes inselos s?o conhecidos vetores de pat?genos, suas larvas s?o parasitas de humanos e animais e apresentam papel importante como auxilio a entomologia forense. Assim, a correta identifica??o das esp?cies que desempenham estas fun??es ? muito importante. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal caracterizar esp?cies de d?ptcros mnscoidcs de import?ncia m?dica-veterin?ria e forense, atrav?s da utiliza??o de duas t?cnicas modernas de identifica??o. O primeiro cap?tulo utiliza a microscopia eletr?nica de varredura que permite a visualiza??o e a determina??o de caracteres que possam ser utilizados na identifica??o das esp?cies. Foram estudados imaturos de tr?s esp?cies de d?pteros de duas fam?lias diferentes: Peckia (Eubaettcheria) callusar (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) (larvas e pup?rios), Lucilia cuprina (larvas e pup?rios) e Cachliamyia macellaria (ovos, larvas e pup?rios) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) atrav?s desta t?cnica. O tamanho das c?lulas do exoc?rion permitiu diferenciar entre C. macellaria e C. haminivarax, duas esp?cies causadoras de mi?ases. A aus?ncia de espinhos no espir?culo posterior das larvas de C. macellaria tamb?m a diferencia de C. haminivarax. As papilas do complexo do palpo maxilar em uma cavidade parecem ser espec?ficas do subg?nero Eubaettcheria. As aberturas respirat?rias do espir?culo anterior dispostas em fileiras irregulares s?o exclusivas da fam?lia Sarcophagidae. A presen?a de espinhos filamentosos no ?ltimo segmento larval ? caracter?stica espec?fica do g?nero Lucilia. No segundo cap?tulo, a t?cnica de harcade ? utilizada para a forma??o de um banco de dados contendo sequ?ncias g?nicas de esp?cies de import?ncia m?dica-veterin?ria e forense da fam?lia Calliphoridae. Esta t?cnica baseia-se no sequenciamento de uma por??o do gene mitocondrial citocromo oxidase I (cal). Foram analisadas nove esp?cies de d?pteros, coletadas em quatro regi?es do Brasil, em um total de 346 esp?cimes utilizados. Dois segmentos do genoma nuclear (fator de elonga??o 1 alfa e white) tamb?m foram sequenciados pela primeira vez para algumas esp?cies. A proposta de barcade foi bem sucedida em Hemilucilia segmentaria, Hemilucilia semidiaphana, Chlaraprocta idiaidea, Cachliamyia macellaria, Chrysamya megacephala e Chrysamya albiceps, onde a varia??o intraespec?fica foi menor do que 3%. Entretanto, em Lucilia eximia, Chrysamya putaria e Ch1ysamya rufifacies esta metodologia trouxe resultados incipientes. A varia??o intraespec?fica em Lucilia eximia foi 4,6%, sugerindo que o limiar proposto n?o deve ser aplicado em todos os d?pteros sem an?lise pr?via do grupo estudado. Chrysamya pularia ? uma esp?cie polifi!?tica comprovada tanto pelos genes nucleares quanto mitocondrial, al?m isso, uma parte das amostras forma um agrupamento com as amostras de C. albiceps e C. nijifacies. Assim, acrcditase que mais estudos precisam ser conduzidos com o objetivo de esclarecer melhor estas quest?es taxon?micas.