Grave markers represent a significant amount of highly important information related to the cultural patterns of a society, as well as how these patterns have changed over time. Although, cemetery studies are popular in other regions of the United States, few studies regarding grave marker attributes have been conducted in Florida. The purpose of this research was to analyze and interpret temporal and demographic changes in grave marker attributes in Greenwood Cemetery in Orlando, Florida. Another aspect of this research focused on the possible correlation between the age and inferred sex of the deceased individual in relation to the type of epitaph and iconography chosen to represent them in their mortuary context. Data was collected from 925 headstones within Greenwood Cemetery; these headstones further represent 1,102 individuals. Attributes analyzed include marker material, marker type, iconographic images, epitaph, memorial photographs, footstones and curbs. These attributes will be analyzed and compared to trends noted within a similar study conducted by Meyers and Schultz (2016), to allow for better interpretation of trends in grave marker attributes across a range of Florida cemeteries. Results indicate multiple trends. The popularity of marble headstones decreased greatly from 51% in Pre-1900 to only 8% from 2000 to 2017. Furthermore, the prevalence of epitaph and iconography categories vary greatly on both a temporal and demographic basis. Male infants are more likely than any other demographic group to be represented by a genealogical epitaph, at 41% representation. Ultimately, these trends illustrate important aspects of cultural changes related to mortuary practice and individual mortuary contexts within Orlando, Florida.

The Greenwood Cemetery established in the 1880's, and is one of the largest cemeteries both owned and operated by the City of Orlando. Occupying approximately eighty acres of land and holding 80,000 known interment record cards, it is the oldest cemetery still in use for the City of Orlando. Research on the Greenwood Cemetery's headstone iconography is important because this type of information has not been previously documented or studied. A few studies have been conducted by the Genealogy Society to document ancestry, as well as documenting the history of prominent people buried within the cemetery; however, very little mention is given to the iconography. Although some headstones are illegible due to a number of factors such as erosion, natural disasters and vandalism, the Greenwood Cemetery is ideal for research because most of the headstones are inscribed with a written record, often giving names and dates. The purpose of this study is to (1) document the fraternal organization symbols that are found on the Greenwood Cemetery's headstones; and (2) interpret the cultural meanings of each fraternal symbol. The focus of this study is limited to fraternal organization iconography; however, there are various other symbols (religious, occupation, etc) found throughout the Greenwood Cemetery. The data collected from the headstones have revealed the following fraternal iconography: Academic Fraternal Groups (AFG), American Legion (AL), Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (AAONMS), Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks (BPOE). Benevolent and Patriotic Order of DOES (BPOD), Boy Scouts of America (BSA), Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (BLE), Daughters of lsabella (DOI), Daughters of Rebekahs (DOR), Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), Daughters of the Nile (DON), Free and Accepted Masons (F&AM), Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), International Alliance of Theatrical State Employees (IATSE), International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (BEW), Kiwanis International (Kl), Knights of Columbus (KC), Knights of Pythias (KOP), Ladies Auxiliary of Veterans of Foreign Wars (LAVFW), LIONS International (LI}, Loyal Order of the Moose (LOOM), Mosaic Templars of America (MTA), National Rifle Association (NRA), Order of the Easter Star (OES), Rainbow Girls (RG), Rotary International (RI), Sisters of Pythias (SOP), Strates Memorial Club (SMC), United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) and the Woodmen of the World (WOW). This thesis will cover each of the fraternal organization's symbols, provide a historical background on what each symbol represents within the organization, and explain why the fraternal organization headstone iconography in Greenwood Cemetery is important to the heritage of the City of Orlando.

This dissertation deals with sepulchral artworks of Franta Úprka (1868-1929), the Czech sculptor. At first his life is described. Franta Úprka was born in Kněždub, south-eastern Moravia. Beginning of his artistic activity belonged to the end of 19th century, when he worked as an assistant of two famous Czech sculptors - A. P. Wagner and Bohuslav Schnirch. His own career took place in the first two decades of the 20th century. Name Úprka is best known for Joža Uprka, Moravian painter and Franta's elder brother. Although Franta Úprka lived and worked in Prague from 1890th, the midpoint of his artistic interests and main theme of his sculptures was depicting people, traditions and subjects from his home country, Moravian Slovakia. Moravian Slovakia was specific part of Moravian countryside full of long lasting and still surviving folklore, folk traditions, peculiar vivacious characters and intact nature. As Auguste Rodin said during his visit of Moravian Slovakia in 1902 it was kind a Greek Helada overflowing with bright colours, sunshine and cheerful relaxed atmosphere. On the other side, common people lived there their uneasy rural lives with all ordinary worries and pleasures. Both sights of the issue were solved by Úprka's artworks. Very specific and the most significant part of his chef-d'oeuvre...