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Social economic status association with intraocular pressure in rural AlabamaIrby, Alice L. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed on June 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-40).
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Reported Health Behaviors and Perceptions of Health Resource Needs in Northeast TennesseeTaylor, LeighAnne, Schetzina, Karen E., Jaishankar, Gayatri Bala 01 January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Individual health, neighborhood characteristics, and allocation of primary health care resources /Sundquist, Kristina, January 2003 (has links)
Diss. Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003.
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Nursing resource management--: current practices and alternatives.January 2000 (has links)
by Chan Wai Han, Florence, Hui Wendy Wan Yee. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf [44]).
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Dental Disparities and the Safety Net in Blount CountyCornett, Micaela J 01 May 2017 (has links)
This qualitative study focused on the dental disparities in Blount County, TN and sought to determine if there are enough dental clinics within the dental safety net. Interviews were conducted with 18 individuals who were either service providers or clients of organizations such as the Salvation Army, Alcoa Good Samaritan Clinic, the local health department, Trinity Dental Clinic, Volunteer Ministry Center, Remote Area Medical, and Blount Memorial Hospital. Inclusion criteria for clients included: homeless or living below the poverty level, uninsured, 18 to 65 years of age, has not seen a dentist in the past year and currently suffering a dental problem. The most obvious common theme among the 11 clients interviewed was that they struggle with getting dental care. Patients were asked when the last time they had seen a dentist and they answered years ago, most over ten years ago. Eight of the eleven clients did not know of any facilities they could go to. Cost was the main reason for these clients not seeking dental care. Two dentists were asked about the reasons for disparities in dental care. The major common themes between the dentists were cost, access to care, and education. All five case managers said that they had clients experiencing dental needs ranging from a simple cleaning to an abscess. Currently in Blount County only one dental clinic serves over 17,000 residents who live in poverty.
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Beanspruchungsmuster im Pflegeberuf : eine Studie an österreichischem Pflegepersonal im Schnittpunkt von persönlichkeits-, gesundheits- und arbeitspsychologischem Herangehen / Strain patterns of nursing personnelFischer, Andreas W. January 2006 (has links)
Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Beanspruchungssituation des Pflegepersonals im Krankenhausbereich. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, mit welchem Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster Pflegepersonen ihren Anforderungen gegenübertreten und wie sie über die Art und Weise der persönlichen Auseinandersetzung mit den Anforderungen ihre Beanspruchungsverhältnisse mitgestalten.<br><br>Den theoretischen Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit bilden salutogenetisch orientierte Ressourcenmodelle, insbesondere Beckers Modell der seelischen Gesundheit (Becker, 1982, 1986). Nach ihm hängt der Gesundheitszustand einer Person davon ab, wie gut es ihr gelingt, externe und interne Anforderungen mithilfe externer und interner Ressourcen zu bewältigen. Hier knüpft das in der Arbeit im Mittelpunkt stehende diagnostische Instrument AVEM (Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster; Schaarschmidt & Fischer, 1996, 2001) an, das die Erfassung interner Anforderungen und Ressourcen der Person sowie deren Zuordnung zu 4 Verhaltens- und Erlebensmustern gegenüber der Arbeit unter Gesundheits- und Motivationsbezug ermöglicht.<br><br>Mit den Hypothesen wird angenommen, dass in Anbetracht der problematischen Arbeitsbedingungen in der Pflege eine Zurücknahme im Engagement bzw. eine Schutzhaltung vor nicht gewollten und als unangemessen empfundenen Anforderungen sowie wenig beeinflussbaren Bedingungen im Vordergrund stehen. Dort, wo zumindest partiell gesundheitsförderliche und als herausfordernd erlebte Arbeitsbedingungen anzutreffen sind, sollten günstigere Musterkonstellationen auftreten. Wir vermuteten, dass sich die ungünstigen Tendenzen bereits in der Berufsausbildung und in frühen Berufsjahren zeigen. Musterveränderungen in gesundheits- und persönlichkeitsförderlicher Hinsicht sollten durch gezielte Intervention herbeigeführt werden können. Schließlich nahmen wir an, dass die Tätigkeit und die mit ihr verbundenen Anforderungen und Ausführungsbedingungen musterspezifisch wahrgenommen werden.<br><br>Zur Beantwortung der Fragen werden Ergebnisse aus verschiedenen Quer- und Längsschnittuntersuchungen herangezogen, die in Wiener Spitälern und Krankenpflegeschulen, aber auch in deutschen Krankenhäusern durchgeführt wurden. Zu Vergleichszwecken werden Befunde anderer Berufsgruppen dargestellt. Neben dem AVEM wurden weitere Fragebögen zu folgenden Inhalten eingesetzt: Arbeitsbezogene Werte, Erleben von Ressourcen in der Pflegetätigkeit, Belastungserleben und Objektive Merkmale der Arbeitstätigkeit.<br><br>Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Hypothesen in allen wesentlichen Punkten. Im Vergleich mit anderen Berufsgruppen fallen für die Pflegekräfte deutliche Einschränkungen im Arbeitsengagement auf. In Bezug auf die gesundheitlichen Risikomuster nimmt das Pflegepersonal eine Mittelstellung ein. Die Musterdifferenzierung in der Pflegepopulation lässt die stärksten Unterschiede in Abhängigkeit von der Position erkennen: Je höher die Position, desto größer ist der Anteil des Gesundheitsmusters und desto geringer ist die Resignationstendenz. Die meisten Risikomuster zeigen sich bei den Pflegekräften mit der niedrigsten Qualifikation. Für Pflegeschüler ist ein zeitweiliges starkes Auftreten von resignativen Verhaltens- und Erlebensweisen sowie eine kontinuierliche Abnahme des Engagements kennzeichnend. Dieser Trend setzt sich nach Aufnahme der Berufstätigkeit fort. Nur gezielte intensive personenorientierte Interventionen erwiesen sich als geeignet, Musterveränderungen in gesundheits- und persönlichkeitsförderlicher Hinsicht zu erreichen. Die Tätigkeit und die mit ihr verbundenen Anforderungen und Ausführungsbedingungen werden musterspezifisch wahrgenommen, wobei Personen mit eingeschränktem Engagement bzw. mit einer Resignationstendenz wesentliche Tätigkeitsmerkmale, denen persönlichkeits- und gesundheitsförderliche Wirkung zugesprochen wird, für sich als wenig wichtig beurteilen und sich mehr Defizite im Verhalten gegenüber Patienten bescheinigen.<br><br>Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass im Pflegeberuf vor allem die Zurückhaltung im Engagement Anlass für eine kritische Betrachtung sein muss. Das Problem "Burnout" stellt sich in seiner Bedeutung relativiert dar. Günstigere Voraussetzungen für die Aufrechterhaltung und Förderung der Gesundheit bestehen dort, wo im konkreten Arbeitsfeld ein erweiterter Tätigkeits- und Handlungsspielraum sowie mehr Verantwortung vorliegen. Diese Befunde stehen in Einklang mit arbeitspsychologischen Ressourcenmodellen. Die Befunde zu den Pflegeschülern verweisen auf teilweise ungünstige Eignungsvoraussetzungen der Auszubildenden und legen nahe, die Angemessenheit der Anforderungen in den Krankenpflegeschulen zu hinterfragen. Hinsichtlich der Möglichkeiten der Veränderung der Muster in gesundheits- und motivationsdienlicher Weise brachten die Ergebnisse zum Ausdruck, dass verhaltensbezogenen Maßnahmen ohne gleichzeitige bedingungsbezogene Interventionen wenig Erfolg beschieden ist. Mit Blick auf die musterspezifische Wahrnehmung der Tätigkeit und der mit ihr verbundenen Anforderungen und Ausführungsbedingungen ist schließlich grundsätzlich festzuhalten, dass arbeitspsychologische Konzepte, die hohen bzw. komplexen Anforderungen und umfangreichen Freiheitsgraden in der Arbeit grundsätzlich persönlichkeits- und gesundheitsförderliche Wirkungen zuschreiben, einer Relativierung durch eine differentielle Perspektive bedürfen. Die vorgefundene Interaktion von Persönlichkeit und Arbeitsbedingungen hat zur Konsequenz, dass Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention in untrennbarem Zusammenhang gesehen werden sollten. / The object of this essay is the strain situation of nursing personnel in the hospital sector. We will take a look at the coping capacity of the nursing personnel, the behaviour and experience patterns with which they meet their challenges and how they co-design their present and future strain situations by means of their personal approach to these challenges.<br><br>The theoretic starting points of this work are salutogenetic-oriented resource models, especially Becker's model of mental health (Becker, 1982, 1986). According to him, a person's state of health depends on how well he or she manages to cope with external and internal demands with the help of external and internal resources. The model uses the lack of satisfaction of personal requirements as a source of extraordinary strain. This is where the diagnostic instrument AVEM (Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster [work-related behaviour and experience patterns]; Schaarschmidt & Fischer, 1996, 2001) comes into the picture, which is at the center of work and helps to determine the internal requirements and resources of the person as well as the classification into 4 behaviour and experience patterns compared to working under health and motivation aspects.<br><br>These hypotheses assume that reduced engagement as well as guarding against demands deemed unwanted and inappropriate together with hard to influence conditions are in the foreground when considering the problematic working conditions in the nursing profession.<br><br>More favourable model constellations should occur in areas with partially health-promoting and challenging working conditions. We furthermore assume that the expected unfavourable trends already become apparent during vocational training and the early working years. It should be possible to induce pattern changes from a health and personality promotion point of view by means of targeted intervention. And finally, we assumed that the profession and its related challenges and performance conditions are perceived as patterns.<br><br>In order to answer these questions, we will refer to results from various cross-section and panel studies performed in hospitals and nursing colleges in Vienna but also in German hospitals. The results obtained in other profession groups will be presented for comparison. Besides the AVEM, we applied additional questionnaires dealing with the following contents: work-related values, experiencing resources in the nursing profession, experiencing strain and objective professional features.<br><br>The results confirm the hypothesis in all essential points. Compared to other profession groups in Austria, the nursing profession shows clear restrictions when it comes to work engagement. With respect to the health risk patterns, the nursing profession takes a medial position. The pattern differentiation in the nursing population shows the strongest differences depending on the position: the higher the position, the larger the share of the health pattern and the lower the resignation tendency. Most risk patterns become evident among nursing staff with the lowest qualifications. Nursing students temporarily show strong occurrences of resignation and experience patterns as well as a continuous decline in engagement. This trend continues once the vocational training is completed. Only direct, intensive and person-oriented intervention turned out to be suitable in order to achieve pattern changes with respect to promoting health and personality. In the end it turned out that the profession and its related demands and performance conditions is perceived in a pattern-specific way, whereby especially persons with restricted engagement or a trend towards resignation rate essential work features that are said to promote health and personality as less important for themselves and attribute themselves more deficits in their behaviour towards patients.<br><br>The results indicate that above all restrained engagement must be critically examined in the nursing profession. The "burnout" problem, which is often seen as a central problem, is therefore relative. More favourable prerequisites for maintaining and promoting health are especially given wherever there is extended activity and action scope in the actual working environment together with more responsibility. These results coincide with the recognised work psychology models, which emphasise the effect of resources. The results obtained for nursing students indicate that part of the trainees lacks qualification. However, one also has to question the appropriateness of the demands made in nursing schools. With respect to changing the patterns in a way that suits health and motivation, the results showed that behaviour-related measures are not very successful if there are no condition-related interventions at the same time. Concerning the pattern-specific perception of the profession and its related demands and performance conditions, we conclusively have to ascertain that work psychology concepts, which generally attribute personality and health-promoting effects to high or complex demands and extensive degrees of liberty at work, require relativisation through a differential perspective. As a consequence of the encountered interaction of personality and work conditions, behaviour and condition prevention should be seen in an inseparable context.
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In sickness and in health [electronic resource] : how information and knowledge are related to health behavior /Eriksson-Backa, Kristina, January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (doctoral)--Åbo Akademi, 2003. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on January 5, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-205). Also available in print.
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Diabetes mellitus : magnitude das hospitalizações na rede pública do Brasil, 1999-2001Rosa, Roger dos Santos January 2006 (has links)
Contexto: O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma causa importante de morbimortalidade nas sociedades ocidentais devido à carga de sofrimento, incapacidade, perda de produtividade e morte prematura que provoca. No Brasil, seu impacto econômico é desconhecido. Objetivos: Dimensionar a participação do DM nas hospitalizações da rede pública brasileira (1999-2001), colaborando na avaliação dos custos diretos. Especificamente, analisar as hospitalizações (327.800) e os óbitos hospitalares (17.760) por DM como diagnóstico principal (CID-10 E10-E14 e procedimento realizado) e estimar as hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM, incluindo as anteriores e aquelas por complicações crônicas (CC) e condições médicas gerais (CMG). Métodos: A partir de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) (37 milhões de hospitalizações), foram calculados indicadores por região de residência do paciente e sexo (ajustados por idade pelo método direto, com intervalos de confiança de 95%), faixas etárias, médias de permanência e de gastos por internação e populacional em US$. Realizou-se regressão logística múltipla para o desfecho óbito. As prevalências de DM foram combinadas aos riscos relativos de hospitalização por CC e CMG (metodologia do risco atribuível) e somadas às internações por DM como diagnóstico principal. Utilizou-se análise de sensibilidade para diferentes prevalências e riscos relativos. Resultados: Os coeficientes de hospitalizações e de óbitos hospitalares e a letalidade por DM como diagnóstico principal atingiram respectivamente 6,4/104hab., 34,9/106hab. e 5,4%. As mulheres apresentaram os coeficientes mais elevados, porém os homens predominaram na letalidade em todas as regiões. O gasto médio (US$ 150,59) diferiu significativamente entre as internações com e sem óbito, mas a média de permanência (6,4 dias) foi semelhante. O gasto populacional equivaleu a US$ 969,09/104hab. As razões de chances de óbito foram maiores para homens, pacientes ≥75 anos, e habitantes das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste. As hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM foram estimadas em 836,3 mil/ano (49,3/104hab.), atingindo US$ 243,9 milhões/ano (US$ 14,4 mil/104hab.). DM como diagnóstico principal (13,1%), CC (41,5%) e CMG (45,4%) responderam por 6,7%, 51,4% e 41,9% respectivamente dos gastos. O valor médio das internações atribuíveis (US$ 292) situou-se 36% acima das não-atribuíveis. As doenças vasculares periféricas apresentaram a maior diferença no valor médio entre hospitalizações atribuíveis e não-atribuíveis (24%), porém as cardiovasculares destacaram-se em quantidade (27%) e envolveram os maiores gastos (37%). Os homens internaram menos (48%) que as mulheres, porém com gasto total maior (53%). As internações de pacientes entre 45-64 anos constituíram o maior grupo (45%) e gastos (48%) enquanto os pacientes com ≥75, os maiores coeficientes de hospitalização (350/104hab.) e de despesa (US$ 93,4 mil/104hab.). As regiões mais desenvolvidas gastaram o dobro (/104hab.) em relação às demais. Considerações Finais e Recomendações: As configurações no consumo de serviços hospitalares foram semelhantes às de países mais desenvolvidos, com importantes desigualdades regionais e de sexo. O gasto governamental exclusivamente com hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM foi expressivo (2,2% do orçamento do Ministério da Saúde). A ampliação de atividades preventivas poderia diminuir a incidência do DM, reduzir a necessidade de internações, minimizar as complicações e minorar a severidade de outras condições médicas mais gerais. / Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main causes of morbi/mortality in western societies due to the burden of suffering, disabilities, loss of productivity and premature death that encompasses. Its economic impact is unknown in Brazil. Objectives: To dimension the share of DM hospitalizations on the Brazilian national health system (1999-2001), helping on evaluating direct costs. Specifically, to analyze hospitalizations (327.800) and hospitalization deaths (17.760) caused by DM as first-listed diagnosis (ICD-10 E10-E14 and procedure done) and to estimate the magnitude of DM attributable hospitalizations, including DM itself, chronic complications (CC) and general medical conditions (GMC). Methods: Data from the Hospital Information System of the National Health System (SIH/SUS) (37 millions of hospitalizations). Indicators were calculated by residence region of the patients and sex (adjusted by direct method for age with 95% confidence intervals), age intervals, average length of stay and expenditure by admission and population in US$. Multiple logistic regression was performed for death as outcome. Combinations of DM prevalence and hospitalization relative risks for CC and GMC were added to DM first-listed hospitalizations (attributable risk methodology). Sensitivity analyze was used for different prevalences and relative risks. Results: Hospitalizations and hospitalization deaths coefficients and lethality by DM as first-listed diagnosis were 6.4/104inhab., 34.9/106inhab. and 5.4% respectively. Coefficients were higher for women, although lethality was for men in every five region. Average expenditure (US$150,59) differed significantly between those with/without death but presented equal average length of stay (6.4). Population expenditure was US$ 969.09/104inhab. Odds-ratio for dying were larger for men, patients 75 yrs, and inhabitants of northeast and southeast. Hospitalizations attributable to DM were estimated at 836.3 thousand/year (49.3/104inhab.) reaching US$ 243.9 millions/year (US$ 14.4 thousand/104inhab.). DM as fist-list diagnosis (13.1%), CC (41.5%) and GMC (45.4%) depicted 6.7%, 51.4% e 41.9% respectively of annual expenditures. Average value of attributable hospitalizations (US$ 292) was 36% higher than non-attributable. Peripheral vascular diseases posed the largest excess based on average values (24%) although cardiovascular ones represented the major quantity (27%) and expenditure group (37%). Men were less admitted (48%) than women, but incurred more expenditure (53%). People 45-64 years old consisted the largest (45%) and most expensive (48%) group while 75+ generated the highest coefficients of hospitalization (350/104inhab.) and expenditure (US$ 93.4 thousands/104inhab.). Most developed regions accounted for nearly twice expenses than other regions. Conclusions and Recommendations: Patterns of hospitalization were similar to those most developed countries. Important regional and gender inequalities did exist. Governmental expenditures related exclusively to DM attributable hospitalizations was meaningful (2.2% of the budget of the Ministry oh Health). Broadening preventive health care actions could diminish the incidence of DM, reduce the need for hospitalizations, minimize complications and minors the severity of general medical conditions.
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Diabetes mellitus : magnitude das hospitalizações na rede pública do Brasil, 1999-2001Rosa, Roger dos Santos January 2006 (has links)
Contexto: O diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma causa importante de morbimortalidade nas sociedades ocidentais devido à carga de sofrimento, incapacidade, perda de produtividade e morte prematura que provoca. No Brasil, seu impacto econômico é desconhecido. Objetivos: Dimensionar a participação do DM nas hospitalizações da rede pública brasileira (1999-2001), colaborando na avaliação dos custos diretos. Especificamente, analisar as hospitalizações (327.800) e os óbitos hospitalares (17.760) por DM como diagnóstico principal (CID-10 E10-E14 e procedimento realizado) e estimar as hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM, incluindo as anteriores e aquelas por complicações crônicas (CC) e condições médicas gerais (CMG). Métodos: A partir de dados do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) (37 milhões de hospitalizações), foram calculados indicadores por região de residência do paciente e sexo (ajustados por idade pelo método direto, com intervalos de confiança de 95%), faixas etárias, médias de permanência e de gastos por internação e populacional em US$. Realizou-se regressão logística múltipla para o desfecho óbito. As prevalências de DM foram combinadas aos riscos relativos de hospitalização por CC e CMG (metodologia do risco atribuível) e somadas às internações por DM como diagnóstico principal. Utilizou-se análise de sensibilidade para diferentes prevalências e riscos relativos. Resultados: Os coeficientes de hospitalizações e de óbitos hospitalares e a letalidade por DM como diagnóstico principal atingiram respectivamente 6,4/104hab., 34,9/106hab. e 5,4%. As mulheres apresentaram os coeficientes mais elevados, porém os homens predominaram na letalidade em todas as regiões. O gasto médio (US$ 150,59) diferiu significativamente entre as internações com e sem óbito, mas a média de permanência (6,4 dias) foi semelhante. O gasto populacional equivaleu a US$ 969,09/104hab. As razões de chances de óbito foram maiores para homens, pacientes ≥75 anos, e habitantes das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste. As hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM foram estimadas em 836,3 mil/ano (49,3/104hab.), atingindo US$ 243,9 milhões/ano (US$ 14,4 mil/104hab.). DM como diagnóstico principal (13,1%), CC (41,5%) e CMG (45,4%) responderam por 6,7%, 51,4% e 41,9% respectivamente dos gastos. O valor médio das internações atribuíveis (US$ 292) situou-se 36% acima das não-atribuíveis. As doenças vasculares periféricas apresentaram a maior diferença no valor médio entre hospitalizações atribuíveis e não-atribuíveis (24%), porém as cardiovasculares destacaram-se em quantidade (27%) e envolveram os maiores gastos (37%). Os homens internaram menos (48%) que as mulheres, porém com gasto total maior (53%). As internações de pacientes entre 45-64 anos constituíram o maior grupo (45%) e gastos (48%) enquanto os pacientes com ≥75, os maiores coeficientes de hospitalização (350/104hab.) e de despesa (US$ 93,4 mil/104hab.). As regiões mais desenvolvidas gastaram o dobro (/104hab.) em relação às demais. Considerações Finais e Recomendações: As configurações no consumo de serviços hospitalares foram semelhantes às de países mais desenvolvidos, com importantes desigualdades regionais e de sexo. O gasto governamental exclusivamente com hospitalizações atribuíveis ao DM foi expressivo (2,2% do orçamento do Ministério da Saúde). A ampliação de atividades preventivas poderia diminuir a incidência do DM, reduzir a necessidade de internações, minimizar as complicações e minorar a severidade de outras condições médicas mais gerais. / Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main causes of morbi/mortality in western societies due to the burden of suffering, disabilities, loss of productivity and premature death that encompasses. Its economic impact is unknown in Brazil. Objectives: To dimension the share of DM hospitalizations on the Brazilian national health system (1999-2001), helping on evaluating direct costs. Specifically, to analyze hospitalizations (327.800) and hospitalization deaths (17.760) caused by DM as first-listed diagnosis (ICD-10 E10-E14 and procedure done) and to estimate the magnitude of DM attributable hospitalizations, including DM itself, chronic complications (CC) and general medical conditions (GMC). Methods: Data from the Hospital Information System of the National Health System (SIH/SUS) (37 millions of hospitalizations). Indicators were calculated by residence region of the patients and sex (adjusted by direct method for age with 95% confidence intervals), age intervals, average length of stay and expenditure by admission and population in US$. Multiple logistic regression was performed for death as outcome. Combinations of DM prevalence and hospitalization relative risks for CC and GMC were added to DM first-listed hospitalizations (attributable risk methodology). Sensitivity analyze was used for different prevalences and relative risks. Results: Hospitalizations and hospitalization deaths coefficients and lethality by DM as first-listed diagnosis were 6.4/104inhab., 34.9/106inhab. and 5.4% respectively. Coefficients were higher for women, although lethality was for men in every five region. Average expenditure (US$150,59) differed significantly between those with/without death but presented equal average length of stay (6.4). Population expenditure was US$ 969.09/104inhab. Odds-ratio for dying were larger for men, patients 75 yrs, and inhabitants of northeast and southeast. Hospitalizations attributable to DM were estimated at 836.3 thousand/year (49.3/104inhab.) reaching US$ 243.9 millions/year (US$ 14.4 thousand/104inhab.). DM as fist-list diagnosis (13.1%), CC (41.5%) and GMC (45.4%) depicted 6.7%, 51.4% e 41.9% respectively of annual expenditures. Average value of attributable hospitalizations (US$ 292) was 36% higher than non-attributable. Peripheral vascular diseases posed the largest excess based on average values (24%) although cardiovascular ones represented the major quantity (27%) and expenditure group (37%). Men were less admitted (48%) than women, but incurred more expenditure (53%). People 45-64 years old consisted the largest (45%) and most expensive (48%) group while 75+ generated the highest coefficients of hospitalization (350/104inhab.) and expenditure (US$ 93.4 thousands/104inhab.). Most developed regions accounted for nearly twice expenses than other regions. Conclusions and Recommendations: Patterns of hospitalization were similar to those most developed countries. Important regional and gender inequalities did exist. Governmental expenditures related exclusively to DM attributable hospitalizations was meaningful (2.2% of the budget of the Ministry oh Health). Broadening preventive health care actions could diminish the incidence of DM, reduce the need for hospitalizations, minimize complications and minors the severity of general medical conditions.
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Examining how health and financial resources relates to stressTibbetts, Racquel Heath January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Personal Financial Planning / Sonya Britt / Health and financial resources may be two of the most important resources when individuals experience stress. As one of the most commonly cited theories in the organizational behavior literature over the last 25 years (Halbeslegen, Paustian-Underdahl & Westman, 2014), the conservation of resources (COR) theory will be used in this dissertation to view how health and financial resources relate to general life and financial stress.
The data were collected from a convenience sample. Participants consisted of men and women between the ages of 19 and 65, and were primarily White, female, and averaged less than two dependents. Annual household income averaged between $50,000 and $100,000. Variables for this study were operationalized using established measurements where available, with sound psychometric properties.
In order to assess resources, a measure for resources was developed using a principal axis factor analysis from the conservation of resources evaluation (COR-E), which is a list of 74 items identified as valuable resources by the COR theory’s author (Hobfoll, 2001). The relationships among these resources along with demographic characteristics on general life stress and financial stress were examined through ordinary least squares regression analyses. Results indicate that health resources, along with being white, as compared to non-whites, make significant contributions to the variance in general life stress. Financial resources, success resources, being white, as compared to non-whites, and level of household income make significant contributions to the variance in financial stress.
This study’s results should help individuals better assess the priority and protection they give to their resources. Employers will likely see savings by designing and implementing properly targeted employer sponsored programs that address resource growth and conservation to help to reduce stress, which should result in reductions to health care costs, fewer lost work days, and increase productivity.
Financial planners, and therapists will find the results useful in improving their efforts toward working with individuals on understanding, prioritizing, and growing their resources as a way to reduce stress. Researchers and educators will use the results of this study to gain a deeper understanding of the use of the COR theory.
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