The purpose of this study is to explore the role of social entrepreneurs or core visionaries in generating conceptual, financial, and community support and acceptance for a Healthy City/Community initiative in the Bryan/College Station area. This initiative affords all community members the opportunity to participate in long-term regional goals. Crucial questions were: what criteria were seen as beneficial to the community that would garner support to proceed with a Healthy City initiative, what would be desirable and more feasible - to enter into an agreement with an existing entity, an existing medical health provider, related entity or subsidiary, or to set up a new, independent entity to oversee the initiative, where would funding come from, what was the time commitment, and who would evaluate the initiative's success? Another purpose of this study is to explore how a Healthy City's process was adapted and developed for use in the Brazos Valley and how the initial community leaders or initiative "champions" went about initiating and organizing the movement, including identifying manpower needs, whether through the use of volunteers or the hiring of professionals, consultants, or full time staff to coordinate the various activities. Also of interest were the criteria that the initiative's leaders would use to divide their Healthy City's agenda or potential goals into topical components to be studied and analyzed by community representatives for inclusion (or not) into the final, formal Vision Statement for the community for succeeding by 2020. This was a qualitative study; interviews and observations of meetings were the information gathering methods used. According to the results, most participants found their involvement meaningful and enjoyable, but they also feared that no actions would come from the goals set by the community. Areas for further research or investigation might include: subsequent phases enacted by the Brazos 2020 Vision, changes made in dealing with future options after the Final Report was completed or distributed, resulting funding opportunities and movement of key leaders after the Brazos Valley initiative had entered subsequent phases. Another focus might be to continue to research or investigate the timeline for Brazos 2020 Vision up to the year 2020.

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of social entrepreneurs or core visionaries in generating conceptual, financial, and community support and acceptance for a Healthy City/Community initiative in the Bryan/College Station area. This initiative affords all community members the opportunity to participate in long-term regional goals. Crucial questions were: what criteria were seen as beneficial to the community that would garner support to proceed with a Healthy City initiative, what would be desirable and more feasible - to enter into an agreement with an existing entity, an existing medical health provider, related entity or subsidiary, or to set up a new, independent entity to oversee the initiative, where would funding come from, what was the time commitment, and who would evaluate the initiative's success? Another purpose of this study is to explore how a Healthy City's process was adapted and developed for use in the Brazos Valley and how the initial community leaders or initiative "champions" went about initiating and organizing the movement, including identifying manpower needs, whether through the use of volunteers or the hiring of professionals, consultants, or full time staff to coordinate the various activities. Also of interest were the criteria that the initiative's leaders would use to divide their Healthy City's agenda or potential goals into topical components to be studied and analyzed by community representatives for inclusion (or not) into the final, formal Vision Statement for the community for succeeding by 2020. This was a qualitative study; interviews and observations of meetings were the information gathering methods used. According to the results, most participants found their involvement meaningful and enjoyable, but they also feared that no actions would come from the goals set by the community. Areas for further research or investigation might include: subsequent phases enacted by the Brazos 2020 Vision, changes made in dealing with future options after the Final Report was completed or distributed, resulting funding opportunities and movement of key leaders after the Brazos Valley initiative had entered subsequent phases. Another focus might be to continue to research or investigate the timeline for Brazos 2020 Vision up to the year 2020.

Healthy Cities/Communities (HC) is an experiment that addresses health from a non-medical perspective. It focuses on health as a phenomenon that is not amenable to conventional scientific investigation or discussion. HC emphasizes values of community, aestheticism, relativism and private behavior. Review of available material establishes that an existing understanding of the concepts underlying HC movement contributes to its successful application. No research appears on the attitudes of health care providers and public health officials on general beliefs about health. The importance of gauging the perceptions of these two sectors could determine the potential success of collaborative efforts for improving public health. Studies of health-related professionals, their perceptions for community health promotion and role of the administrative process, among others, will establish this potential in accordance with what the literature demonstrates. This study compares the attitudes and preferences of public health professionals and members of the hospital service category in Virginia concerning Healthy Communities concepts. The study concludes that the two sectors surveyed have similar attitudes and preferences on the issues that promote community health, thus showing potential for successful collaboration. Future research can explore the attitudes of other sectors, such as educational institutions, and their potential for engaging in collaborative efforts to create healthier communities. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are fundamental to health and are regarded as a fundamental human right for survival, dignity, productivity, reproductive health and happiness. In low socio-economic communities and settings, especially those who are residing in informal urban settlements, where appropriate WASH interventions are not in place, the risks of mortality and morbidity from especially infectious disease are high. A participatory action research (PAR) study was conducted to address the poor WASH conditions in the Havana informal urban settlement in Windhoek, Namibia. The study comprises of four phases.

This thesis deals with the Local Agenda 21 (MA21) and its impact to the municipality development. The Local Agenda 21 was derived from The Agenda 21, the main document of sustainable development agreed by UN in 1992. It is generally known that society development, population growth and growing peoples needs meet the limited quantities of the resources. Exactly this conflict between unlimited peoples wants and the limited amount of the resources has led to creating the Agenda 21 which was the reaction to unreasonable wastage of the resources and to environment deterioration. Local Agenda 21 is a blueprint paper for local authorities and its main aim is to achieve sustainable development in the particular area. Efficient usage of the resources may be seen as a proper solution. International project Healthy cities (WHO) operates with principles of sustainable development. The theoretical recourse may be found in the first part of the thesis. The practical implementation of MA21 principles (they are derived from principles of sustainable development) in Pelhřimov may be found in the following part. Pelhřimov joined the mentioned project Healthy cities in 2005. It means that these municipalities should respect sustainable development, environment and citizens opinions. Healthy cities also should preserve the environment for future generation.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os processos participativos em cidades brasileiras que desenvolvem projetos de acordo com o ideário por Cidades Saudáveis. O movimento Cidades Saudáveis fomentado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde desde 1986, objetiva o estabelecimento de políticas públicas urbanas, voltadas à melhoria da qualidade de vida, com ênfase na intersetorialidade e na participação social. O presente estudo é qualitativo, realizado com base na coleta e análise de dados secundários, de entrevistas e de grupos focais, o que permitiu caracterizar, em primeiro lugar, a situação dos projetos Cidades Saudáveis no Brasil, seus processos de implantação e desenvolvimento, e, em segundo lugar, verificar os avanços e retrocessos na relação sociopolítica estabelecida entre o poder público e os grupos sociais envolvidos nesses projetos. Pode-se observar que os projetos Cidades Saudáveis vêm se desenvolvendo no Brasil de diferentes maneiras, e seus avanços são bastante restritos. As propostas são frágeis e estão relacionadas a dificuldades de implementar novas formas de gestão, participativas, não setorizadas, capazes de alterar as estruturas políticas, sociais e econômicas. Esta fragilidade faz com que os projetos não se sustentem nas mudanças administrativas. Os estudos de caso, nas cidades de Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo, e Maceió, capital do Estado de Alagoas, mostraram que as condições gerais políticas das cidades não favorecem a participação efetiva dos cidadãos nas questões que envolvem as condições de vida. O aspecto contraditório das relações Estado/sociedade civil fica evidenciado. A participação existe, é reconhecida pelo Estado que abre um espaço institucional para que ela ocorra, no entanto, os grupos sociais não têm conseguido penetrar nos espaços de poder, o que aponta uma série de limites relacionados desde à cultura institucional marcada por estruturas tradicionais e autoritárias que dificultam a participação, até os conflitos próprios do processo de organização da sociedade civil. / The aim of this work was to analyse the process of participation in the project Healthy Cities developed in Brazilian cities. This kind of project has been fostered by WHO since 1986, to promote public urban policies able to improve the quality of life by emphasizing the intersectoral action and social participation. This is a qualitative study based on data collection and analysis from interviews and focal groups which allowed identifying the implementation, process of development as well as the present situation of the project Healthy Cities in Brazil, to evaluate the progress and hindrances in the social political relationship among the public sphere and the social groups involved. The projects Healthy Cities have been developed in different ways in Brazil and there has been very little progress in the direction of changing the political, social and economical structures. The proposals are flimsy, usually related to the difficulties of implementing new participant and intersectoral models of management. As a consequence of such a fragility the projects are interrupted when administrative changes occur. The case studies developed in two Brazilian cities, Jundiaí in the state of São Paulo, and Maceió, capital of the state of Alagoas, showed that the general political conditions in the cities do not stimulate the effective community participation in issues related to life conditions. The contradictory aspect in the State/community relations becomes evident. Although the State offers institutional conditions for the community participation, the social groups are not granted the power, and that shows their limits related to institutional culture rooted in traditional and authoritarian structures hampering participation as well as the conflicts related to the process of civil organization.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os processos participativos em cidades brasileiras que desenvolvem projetos de acordo com o ideário por Cidades Saudáveis. O movimento Cidades Saudáveis fomentado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde desde 1986, objetiva o estabelecimento de políticas públicas urbanas, voltadas à melhoria da qualidade de vida, com ênfase na intersetorialidade e na participação social. O presente estudo é qualitativo, realizado com base na coleta e análise de dados secundários, de entrevistas e de grupos focais, o que permitiu caracterizar, em primeiro lugar, a situação dos projetos Cidades Saudáveis no Brasil, seus processos de implantação e desenvolvimento, e, em segundo lugar, verificar os avanços e retrocessos na relação sociopolítica estabelecida entre o poder público e os grupos sociais envolvidos nesses projetos. Pode-se observar que os projetos Cidades Saudáveis vêm se desenvolvendo no Brasil de diferentes maneiras, e seus avanços são bastante restritos. As propostas são frágeis e estão relacionadas a dificuldades de implementar novas formas de gestão, participativas, não setorizadas, capazes de alterar as estruturas políticas, sociais e econômicas. Esta fragilidade faz com que os projetos não se sustentem nas mudanças administrativas. Os estudos de caso, nas cidades de Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo, e Maceió, capital do Estado de Alagoas, mostraram que as condições gerais políticas das cidades não favorecem a participação efetiva dos cidadãos nas questões que envolvem as condições de vida. O aspecto contraditório das relações Estado/sociedade civil fica evidenciado. A participação existe, é reconhecida pelo Estado que abre um espaço institucional para que ela ocorra, no entanto, os grupos sociais não têm conseguido penetrar nos espaços de poder, o que aponta uma série de limites relacionados desde à cultura institucional marcada por estruturas tradicionais e autoritárias que dificultam a participação, até os conflitos próprios do processo de organização da sociedade civil. / The aim of this work was to analyse the process of participation in the project Healthy Cities developed in Brazilian cities. This kind of project has been fostered by WHO since 1986, to promote public urban policies able to improve the quality of life by emphasizing the intersectoral action and social participation. This is a qualitative study based on data collection and analysis from interviews and focal groups which allowed identifying the implementation, process of development as well as the present situation of the project Healthy Cities in Brazil, to evaluate the progress and hindrances in the social political relationship among the public sphere and the social groups involved. The projects Healthy Cities have been developed in different ways in Brazil and there has been very little progress in the direction of changing the political, social and economical structures. The proposals are flimsy, usually related to the difficulties of implementing new participant and intersectoral models of management. As a consequence of such a fragility the projects are interrupted when administrative changes occur. The case studies developed in two Brazilian cities, Jundiaí in the state of São Paulo, and Maceió, capital of the state of Alagoas, showed that the general political conditions in the cities do not stimulate the effective community participation in issues related to life conditions. The contradictory aspect in the State/community relations becomes evident. Although the State offers institutional conditions for the community participation, the social groups are not granted the power, and that shows their limits related to institutional culture rooted in traditional and authoritarian structures hampering participation as well as the conflicts related to the process of civil organization.

<p>The World Health Organization (WHO) states that working intersectorally and internationally with health issues is crucial in creating a change towards healthy public policy at a local level. Healthy Cities is one of the programmes where WHO uses a health governance approach (governing through networks) to try to reach this objective. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify the factors that make member cities of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network successful in reorienting local public policy towards healthy public policy. An analysis of nine documents corresponding to the selection criteria set up by the authors was conducted. These documents consisted of reports published by WHO on the Healthy Cities programme, but also of independent research articles and one thesis published on other networks similar to Healthy Cities. Also, further data was collected through telephone interviews with contact persons in four member cities. The interviews were transcribed word by word. Both data (documents and interviews) were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.</p><p> </p><p>The results show that the four key “elements for action” (political commitment, leadership, readiness for institutional change and intersectoral collaboration) crystallized by WHO for creating healthy public policy were mainly confirmed in this research study. Therefore, the authors draw the conclusion that WHO has succeeded in making the member cities commit to the Healthy Cities philosophy and in spreading the idea of health governance in Europe. However, additional factors were found both in the document analysis and in the interviews. When looking at the top four frequently occurring factors in the documents, community participation and status were highlighted. The two additional factors found in the interview data was holistic thinking and systematic, goal-oriented work. Also, the importance of political commitment was questioned by a minority of the respondents. This might indicate that the four key “elements for action” crystallized by WHO might not have as big of an effect in creating change at a local level as has been made out by WHO. Furthermore, respondents stated that difficulties existed in translating theory into practice at a local level. This might indicate that potential changes made in the member cities after joining the Healthy Cities programme are mainly ideological. Despite this, the attitudes among the respondents towards membership in the WHO European Healthy Cities Network were overall positive, and even though difficulties still exist, the respondents maintained that Healthy Cities enables them in taking the next step towards healthy public policy at a local level.<strong></strong></p>

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that working intersectorally and internationally with health issues is crucial in creating a change towards healthy public policy at a local level. Healthy Cities is one of the programmes where WHO uses a health governance approach (governing through networks) to try to reach this objective. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify the factors that make member cities of the WHO European Healthy Cities Network successful in reorienting local public policy towards healthy public policy. An analysis of nine documents corresponding to the selection criteria set up by the authors was conducted. These documents consisted of reports published by WHO on the Healthy Cities programme, but also of independent research articles and one thesis published on other networks similar to Healthy Cities. Also, further data was collected through telephone interviews with contact persons in four member cities. The interviews were transcribed word by word. Both data (documents and interviews) were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.   The results show that the four key “elements for action” (political commitment, leadership, readiness for institutional change and intersectoral collaboration) crystallized by WHO for creating healthy public policy were mainly confirmed in this research study. Therefore, the authors draw the conclusion that WHO has succeeded in making the member cities commit to the Healthy Cities philosophy and in spreading the idea of health governance in Europe. However, additional factors were found both in the document analysis and in the interviews. When looking at the top four frequently occurring factors in the documents, community participation and status were highlighted. The two additional factors found in the interview data was holistic thinking and systematic, goal-oriented work. Also, the importance of political commitment was questioned by a minority of the respondents. This might indicate that the four key “elements for action” crystallized by WHO might not have as big of an effect in creating change at a local level as has been made out by WHO. Furthermore, respondents stated that difficulties existed in translating theory into practice at a local level. This might indicate that potential changes made in the member cities after joining the Healthy Cities programme are mainly ideological. Despite this, the attitudes among the respondents towards membership in the WHO European Healthy Cities Network were overall positive, and even though difficulties still exist, the respondents maintained that Healthy Cities enables them in taking the next step towards healthy public policy at a local level.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-20T14:12:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thiago_souza_moreira.pdf: 1734068 bytes, checksum: ea248d192b7f0e26dac05fb258af5ff2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-20T16:52:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thiago_souza_moreira.pdf: 1734068 bytes, checksum: ea248d192b7f0e26dac05fb258af5ff2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T16:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) thiago_souza_moreira.pdf: 1734068 bytes, checksum: ea248d192b7f0e26dac05fb258af5ff2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Considerando o movimento de cidades/munic?pios saud?veis como uma estrat?gia para promo??o da sa?de, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as a??es da administra??o p?blica municipal que influenciam nos determinantes de sa?de ambiental da popula??o do munic?pio de Pirapora (MG). Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e qualitativo, descritivo e documental. Os indicadores de qualidade em sa?de ambiental correspondem a crit?rios para a avalia??o da qualidade da assist?ncia ? sa?de a popula??o, seja em termos de procedimentos espec?ficos ou de uma rede de servi?os. Portanto, a avalia??o em sa?de ? essencial para o estabelecimento de pol?ticas p?blicas e prioridades melhor ajustadas ?s necessidades de sa?de da popula??o. A partir da situa??o problema apresentada, buscou-se verificar a efici?ncia da aplica??o da abordagem multicrit?rio na avalia??o da qualidade de vida da popula??o do munic?pio em estudo. Foram identificadas as a??es em sa?de que s?o ofertadas pelo munic?pio a caracteriza??o e defini??o dos elementos que descrevem as condi??es de qualidade de vida, por meio de indicadores, a avalia??o de forma integrada dos indicadores de qualidade de vida de acordo com o multicrit?rio e a an?lise da qualidade de vida em sa?de da popula??o do referido munic?pio. De acordo com o resultado disposto nesta pesquisa, o melhor ano em rela??o ?s a??es realizadas para a popula??o foi o de 2015. Pode-se verificar ainda uma melhora na situa??o entre os anos 2012 e 2013 e logo ap?s melhoras significativas, mas no geral, pode-se dizer que o crescimento dos resultados mostrou-se constante, ou seja, a cada ano, a situa??o dos indicadores selecionados melhorou para a popula??o. Ao final, foi ainda realizada uma an?lise de sensibilidade, com o intuito de demonstrar que, ainda que fossem alterados os pesos aplicados ? cada indicador, conforme entendimento do tomador de decis?o, os resultados permaneceriam praticamente iguais, tendo o ano de 2015 os melhores resultados. Em ordem de qualidade, ter?amos a promo??o da sa?de e qualidade de vida, seguida das pol?ticas p?blicas de preven??o em sa?de e por ?ltimo, as pol?ticas p?blicas de saneamento b?sico. Nossos resultados indicam que a an?lise dos dados obtidos no munic?pio adotada pelo gestor de maneira diversificada aliada ?s informa??es atualizadas do munic?pio, pode se constituir em ferramenta eficiente para a gest?o p?blica. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Considering the movement of healthy cities / municipalities as a strategy for health promotion, this study aims to evaluate the actions of the municipal public administration that influence the determinants of environmental health of the population of the municipality of Pirapora (MG). It is a quantitative and qualitative, descriptive and documentary study. The indicators of quality in environmental health correspond to criteria for the evaluation of the quality of health care to the population, either in terms of specific procedures or a network of services. Therefore, health evaluation is essential for the establishment of public policies and priorities better adjusted to the health needs of the population. From the situation presented, we tried to verify the efficiency of the application of the multicriteria approach in the evaluation of the quality of life of the population of the municipality under study. The actions in health that are offered by the municipality have been identified the characterization and definition of the elements that describe the conditions of quality of life, through indicators, the integrated evaluation of the indicators of quality of life according to the multicriteria and the analysis Of the quality of life in health of the population of said municipality. According to the results of this research, the best year in relation to the actions performed for the population was 2015. There is still an improvement in the situation between 2012 and 2013 and soon after significant improvements, but overall, It can be said that the growth of the results showed to be constant, that is, each year, the situation of the selected indicators improved for the population. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to show that, even if the weights applied to each indicator were changed, according to the decision-maker's opinion, the results would remain practically the same, with 2015 having the best results. In order of quality, we would have the promotion of health and quality of life, followed by public health prevention policies and, finally, public sanitation policies. Our results indicate that the analysis of the data obtained in the municipality adopted by the manager in a diversified manner allied to the updated information of the municipality, can constitute an efficient tool for public management. / Teniendo en cuenta el movimiento de ciudades / municipios saludables como estrategia para la promoci?n de la salud, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las acciones del gobierno municipal que influyen en los determinantes de la salud ambiental pirapora poblaci?n municipal (MG). Esta es una cuantitativa y cualitativa, descriptiva y documental. Los indicadores de calidad en materia de salud ambiental corresponden a los criterios para la evaluaci?n de la calidad asistencial de la poblaci?n, en t?rminos de procedimientos espec?ficos o de servicios de red. Por lo tanto, la evaluaci?n de la salud es esencial para el establecimiento de pol?ticas y prioridades mejores p?blica ajustada a las necesidades de salud de la poblaci?n. A partir de la situaci?n del problema presentado, hemos tratado de evaluar la eficacia de la aplicaci?n del enfoque de m?ltiples criterios para evaluar la calidad de vida de la poblaci?n local en estudio. Las acciones de salud se han identificado que son ofrecidos por la caracterizaci?n municipio y definici?n de los elementos que describen las condiciones de calidad de vida a trav?s de indicadores, evaluaci?n de manera integrada la calidad de los indicadores de vida de acuerdo a m?ltiples criterios y an?lisis la calidad de la salud de la vida de la poblaci?n del municipio. De acuerdo con los resultados de esta investigaci?n, el mejor a?o en materia de acciones en poder de la poblaci?n era de 2015. Todav?a se puede ver una mejora en la situaci?n entre los a?os 2012 y 2013 y despu?s de las mejoras significativas, pero en general, se puede decir que el crecimiento de los resultados fue constante, es decir, cada a?o, la situaci?n de los indicadores seleccionados mejorado para la poblaci?n. Por ?ltimo, un an?lisis de sensibilidad tambi?n se llev? a cabo con el fin de demostrar que, a pesar de que los pesos se cambiaron aplican a cada indicador, como la comprensi?n de la que toma las decisiones, los resultados siguen siendo casi el mismo, con el a?o 2015 los mejores resultados. En orden de calidad, queremos promover la salud y calidad de vida, seguida de las pol?ticas p?blicas de prevenci?n de la salud y, por ?ltimo, las pol?ticas p?blicas de saneamiento. Nuestros resultados indican que el an?lisis de los datos obtenidos en el municipio adoptada por el gestor de diversa manera combinada con la informaci?n actualizada del municipio, puede constituir herramienta eficaz para la gesti?n p?blica.