Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-133). Also issued in print.

Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1979.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pimenta_elm_me_botfmvz.pdf: 1285816 bytes, checksum: df2d9be4750487c2d578de41e229a078 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O anticolinérgico N-butilbrometo de hioscina (hioscina), por resultar em ação depressora da motilidade intestinal de curta duração, pode representrar uma melhor alternativa ao sulfato de atropina (atropina) no tratamento da bradicardia de origem vagal em eqüinos. Os efeitos hemodinâmicos e gastrointestinais da hioscina e da atropina foram comparados em eqüinos através de um modelo de bradicardia induzida pela detomidina. Seis cavalos adultos (391±47 kg) receberam detomidina (0,02 mg/kg IV) em 3 ocasiões distintas com intervalo mínimo de 1 semana entre os tratamentos. Dez minutos após a administração da detomidina foram administradas pela via intravenosa solução salina de NaCl a 0,9% (controle), atropina (0,02mg/kg) ou hioscina (0,2mg/kg). Escores de auscultação intestinal [0 (ausência de sons) a 16 (sons intestinais normais)], determinados por 2 avaliadores que desconheciam o tratamento e as variáveis cardiorrespiratórios foram avaliadas por 24 horas e 90 minutos após a administração da detomidina, respectivamente. O trânsito gastrointestinal foi monitorado por 96 horas através da detecção de cromo em matéria fecal seca. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado delineamento em parcelas subdivididas com teste ajustado para Tukey ou teste Kruskall-Wallis seguido de Dunn (p < 0.05). No tratamento controle a detomidina diminuiu a frequência cardíaca (FC) e o índice cardíaco (IC) em relação aos valores basais por 30 e 60 minutos, respectivamente. A FC (bat/min) aumentou acima dos valores basais aos 5 minutos após a administração da atropina (79±5) e da hioscina (75±8), permanecendo reduzida após a administração de salina (29±8). A partir deste momento a FC foi significativamente maior no grupo atropina em comparação aos demais tratamentos; enquanto a hioscina resultou em valores intermediários de FC (menores que no tratamento atropina e maiores... / The anticholinergic hyoscine-N-butylbromide (hyoscine), because of its shorter acting gastrointestinal motility depressant effects, may represent a better alternative to the use of atropine sulphate (atropine) in the treatment of vagally mediated bradycardia in horses. The hemodynamic and gastrointestinal effects of hyoscine and atropine were compared in model of bradycardia induced by detomidine. Six adult horses (391±47 kg) received detomidine (0.02 mg kg-1, intravenously) on 3 occasions (1-week washout intervals among experiments). Ten minutes after detomidine, physiological saline (control), atropine (0.02 mg kg-1), or hyoscine (0.2 mg kg-1) were administered intravenously. Intestinal auscultation scores [range: 0 (absent sounds) to 16 (normal intestinal sounds)], determined by 2 blinded evaluators, and cardiopulmonary data were monitored for 24 hours and 90 minutes after detomidine, respectively. Gastrointestinal transit was assessed for 96 hours via detection of chromium in dry feces. A split-plot design and a Tukey-Kramer test, or a Kruskall-Wallis and a Dunn’s test analyzed data were appropriate (p < 0.05). In the control treatment, detomidine decreased heart rate (HR) and cardiac index (CI) from baseline for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Heart rate (beats minute-1) increased above baseline 5 minutes after atropine (79±5) and hyoscine (75±8) but not after saline (29±8). After this time, HR after atropine was higher in comparison to the other treatments; while hyoscine resulted in intermediate HR values (lower than atropine but higher than controls). Hyoscine and atropine resulted in higher CI than controls for 5 and 20 minutes, respectively; but this effect coincided with a significant hypertensive response (mean arterial pressure > 200 mmHg). Auscultation scores decreased from baseline in all treatments. Times to return to auscultation scores... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:39:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garofalo_na_me_botfm.pdf: 678996 bytes, checksum: bd894cb1cc82c4407916e6cee6e1b481 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Opióides podem causar alterações neuroendócrinas e hemodinâmicas importantes, que podem ser influenciadas pela co-administração de anestésicos gerais. Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar os efeitos hemodinâmicos e neuroendócrinos (concentrações sanguíneas de vasopressina e catecolaminas) em resposta a administração intravenosa de metadona em cães conscientes e anestesiados com isoflurano. Seis cães sadios (28 ± 4 kg, média ± desvio padrão) foram submetidos a 3 procedimentos experimentais, com intervalo mínimo de 1 semana. No primeiro experimento, os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, hemogasometria arterial, concentrações circulantes de vasopressina, epinefrina e norepinefrina, foram avaliados antes (Basal) e durante 90 minutos após a administração da metadona (1 mg/kg, IV) em animais conscientes (grupo MET). Nos 2 procedimentos experimentais subseqüentes, os efeitos da mesma dose de metadona foram avaliados nos mesmos momentos durante a anestesia com isoflurano. Em 1 dos experimentos, os animais anestesiados com isoflurano receberam solução placebo 5 minutos antes da administração do opióide (grupo MET/ISO), enquanto no outro experimento, o antagonista de vasopressina relcovaptan (0,1 mg/kg, IV) (grupo MET/ISO/ANTAG) foi empregado no mesmo momento, em cães anestesiados com isoflurano. Quando administrada aos animais conscientes, a metadona causou reduções de 15-33% na freqüência cardíaca (FC), enquanto o índice cardíaco (IC) diminuiu 22% apenas aos 90 minutos. Contrastando com a ausência de alterações respiratórias clinicamente importantes em animais conscientes, a metadona induziu apnéia ao ser administrada durante a anestesia, havendo necessidade de suporte ventilatório mecânico. Durante a anestesia com isoflurano, o opióide causou reduções de maior magnitude na FC [% de redução em relação aos valores basais: 51-58% (MET/ISO)... / Opioids may induce substantial hemodynamic and neuroendocrine changes. These effects may be modified by the co-administration of general anesthetics. This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic and the neurohormonal (blood concentrations of vasopressin and catecolamines) changes caused by the intravenous administration of methadone in conscious and isoflurane anesthetized dogs. Six healthy dogs (28 ± 4 kg, mean ± standard deviation) were subjected to 3 experimental procedures, with 1-week washout intervals. In the first set of experiments, the hemodinamic parameters, arterial blood gases, and circulating concentrations of vasopressin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, were evaluated before (Baseline) and for 90 minutes after methadone injection (1 mg/kg, IV) in conscious dogs (MET group). In the following 2 sets of experiments, the effects of the same dose of methadone were assessed at the same time points during isoflurane anesthesia. Isoflurane anesthetized animals received a placebo injection prior to methadone injection in one of the experiments (MET/ISO group), while in the in the other set of experiments performed under isoflurane anesthesia, the vasopressin antagonist relcovaptan (0.1 mg/kg, IV) was administered 5 minutes prior to opioid injection (MET/ISO/ANTAG group). When administered in conscious animals, methadone caused 15-33% reductions in heart rate (HR), while the cardiac index (CI) was reduced by 22% only at 90 minutes. While methadone did not induce clinically relevant respiratory effects in conscious animals, this opioid induced apnea when administered during anesthesia and mechanical ventilatory support was necessary. During isoflurane anesthesia, methadone caused greater decreases in HR [% decreases from baseline: 51-58% (MET/ISO) and 50-53% (MET/ISO/ANTAG)] and in CI [% decreases from baseline: 55-60% (MET/ISO)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Physiological signals when subjected to digital signal processing algorithms often reveal information about their origin and how they are regulated. Recently, it has been shown that when power spectrum of the heart rate variability signal is computed, physiological mechanisms about how the autonomic nervous system modulates the sinus node of the heart can be unraveled. During the past several years, computation of the power spectrum of heart rate variability has progressed from Blackman-Tukey algorithm and autoregressive modelling to Wigner-Ville distribution. In this thesis, we describe the development of appropriate algorithms for QRS detection from an ECG signal to obtain a heart rate signal, interpolation of heart rate variability signal and the computation of power spectrum. We also describe mathematical details underlying time-frequency analysis, specifically for the Wigner-Ville distribution. We present a software package in C++, for computing the Wigner-Ville distribution of the heart rate variability signal. As applications of these methods in physiology and clinical medicine, we found that the power spectrum of the heart rate variability of premature infants can help us understand the ontogeny of the autonomic nervous system. Similarly, physiological effects of atropine, methacholine and allergen challenges can be elucidated using the power spectrum of heart rate variability in small animals, such as a rat model. Furthermore, a progressive tilt model in human subjects is used to compare power spectrum obtained from the Blackman-Tukey method, autoregressive modelling and the Wigner-Ville distribution. Finally, an application of the Wigner-Ville distribution technique to study the changes that take place in the autonomic regulation of the heart during different stages of sleep is presented. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Flinders University, School of Nursing and Midwifery. / Typescript bound. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 234-259) Also available in an electronic version.

Thesis (doctoral)--Ludwig Maximilians-Universität zu München, 1979.

Degree Not Listed / Department of Clinical Sciences / Warren L. Beard / Recumbency affects respiratory mechanics and oxygenation in anesthetized horses. Changes in pleural and abdominal pressures that can impair ventilation have not been described in all recumbencies. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of patient positioning on transdiaphragmatic pressures and selected hemodynamic variables. Horses were maintained under total intravenous general anesthesia with nasal oxygen supplementation. Trans-nasal balloon catheters connected to pressure transducers placed within the stomach and thoracic esophagus were used to measure intrathoracic and gastric pressure in standing and anesthetized horses positioned in: right and left lateral recumbency, dorsal recumbency, reverse Trendelenburg position, and Trendelenburg position. Transdiaphragmatic pressures were calculated as the difference between gastric and intrathoracic pressure. Measurements of SpO2, heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, and respiratory rate were obtained every 5 minutes. When compared to dorsal recumbency, gastric expiratory pressure is decreased in the standing position. Thoracic expiratory pressure is decreased in standing and reverse Trendelenburg. Transdiaphragmatic expiratory pressure and SpO2 are decreased in Trendelenburg. Heart rate is increased in reverse Trendelenburg. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures are decreased in reverse Trendelenburg and increased in left lateral and right lateral. We found there is wide variation in respiratory pressures between horses and positions and they are not predictive of associated changes in hemodynamic variables.

Orientador: Francisco José Teixeira Neto / Banca: Suzane Lilian Beier / Banca: Denise Tabacchi Fantoni / Resumo: Opióides podem causar alterações neuroendócrinas e hemodinâmicas importantes, que podem ser influenciadas pela co-administração de anestésicos gerais. Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar os efeitos hemodinâmicos e neuroendócrinos (concentrações sanguíneas de vasopressina e catecolaminas) em resposta a administração intravenosa de metadona em cães conscientes e anestesiados com isoflurano. Seis cães sadios (28 ± 4 kg, média ± desvio padrão) foram submetidos a 3 procedimentos experimentais, com intervalo mínimo de 1 semana. No primeiro experimento, os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, hemogasometria arterial, concentrações circulantes de vasopressina, epinefrina e norepinefrina, foram avaliados antes (Basal) e durante 90 minutos após a administração da metadona (1 mg/kg, IV) em animais conscientes (grupo MET). Nos 2 procedimentos experimentais subseqüentes, os efeitos da mesma dose de metadona foram avaliados nos mesmos momentos durante a anestesia com isoflurano. Em 1 dos experimentos, os animais anestesiados com isoflurano receberam solução placebo 5 minutos antes da administração do opióide (grupo MET/ISO), enquanto no outro experimento, o antagonista de vasopressina relcovaptan (0,1 mg/kg, IV) (grupo MET/ISO/ANTAG) foi empregado no mesmo momento, em cães anestesiados com isoflurano. Quando administrada aos animais conscientes, a metadona causou reduções de 15-33% na freqüência cardíaca (FC), enquanto o índice cardíaco (IC) diminuiu 22% apenas aos 90 minutos. Contrastando com a ausência de alterações respiratórias clinicamente importantes em animais conscientes, a metadona induziu apnéia ao ser administrada durante a anestesia, havendo necessidade de suporte ventilatório mecânico. Durante a anestesia com isoflurano, o opióide causou reduções de maior magnitude na FC [% de redução em relação aos valores basais: 51-58% (MET/ISO)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Opioids may induce substantial hemodynamic and neuroendocrine changes. These effects may be modified by the co-administration of general anesthetics. This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic and the neurohormonal (blood concentrations of vasopressin and catecolamines) changes caused by the intravenous administration of methadone in conscious and isoflurane anesthetized dogs. Six healthy dogs (28 ± 4 kg, mean ± standard deviation) were subjected to 3 experimental procedures, with 1-week washout intervals. In the first set of experiments, the hemodinamic parameters, arterial blood gases, and circulating concentrations of vasopressin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, were evaluated before (Baseline) and for 90 minutes after methadone injection (1 mg/kg, IV) in conscious dogs (MET group). In the following 2 sets of experiments, the effects of the same dose of methadone were assessed at the same time points during isoflurane anesthesia. Isoflurane anesthetized animals received a placebo injection prior to methadone injection in one of the experiments (MET/ISO group), while in the in the other set of experiments performed under isoflurane anesthesia, the vasopressin antagonist relcovaptan (0.1 mg/kg, IV) was administered 5 minutes prior to opioid injection (MET/ISO/ANTAG group). When administered in conscious animals, methadone caused 15-33% reductions in heart rate (HR), while the cardiac index (CI) was reduced by 22% only at 90 minutes. While methadone did not induce clinically relevant respiratory effects in conscious animals, this opioid induced apnea when administered during anesthesia and mechanical ventilatory support was necessary. During isoflurane anesthesia, methadone caused greater decreases in HR [% decreases from baseline: 51-58% (MET/ISO) and 50-53% (MET/ISO/ANTAG)] and in CI [% decreases from baseline: 55-60% (MET/ISO)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre