Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-106). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 20, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Mitchell Schulte. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:00:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carvalho_ft_dr_botfca.pdf: 467336 bytes, checksum: 3305e1c293ecc2358f8a853a0f9a7d00 (MD5) / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estimar a deposição da pulverização na superfície do sulco de plantio da cana-de-açúcar composto por patamar, parede e fundo do sulco, através de dois métodos de aplicação: tratorizada, com volume de calda de 200 L/ha e aérea, com volume de calda de 40 L/ha, com o avião voando no sentido da linha e perpendicularmente à linha de plantio. Analisou-se também a região da parede do sulco onde a deposição é mais irregular e identificou-se os tipos de sulcos mais adequados à aplicação de herbicidas. As análises do perfil do terreno de áreas das plantio de cana-de-açúcar, foram realizadas em nove usinas do Estado de São Paulo, sendo três em áreas de solo de textura arenosa, três em solo de textura média e três em solo de textura argilosa. Os dados foram coletados em dez sulcos seguidos e a média permitiu estabelecer o perfil médio do sulco de plantio de cada usina. A análise da deposição da calda foi realizada na Usina Unialco. A calda foi preparada diluindo-se sulfato de cobre em água, na dose de 1 kg / ha. As gotas da calda pulverizada, foram coletadas em lâminas de vidro, que foram distribuídas nos patamares, paredes e fundos dos sulcos dos vários sulcos avaliados. A análise da concentração de cobre nas lâminas, realizada no aparelho espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica, proporcionou a quantificação do volume de calda pulverizada nas diferentes regiões do sulco. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através do teste t. Observou-se que a irregularidade do terreno em áreas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar, desuniformiza a deposição da calda de pulverização. A quantidade de produto depositada na parede do sulco, depende do seu ângulo de inclinação e pode ser estimada multiplicando-se a dose aplicada pelo cosseno do... / The present work was developed with the objective of estimating the deposition of the spray solution in the surface of the furrow of plantation of the sugar-cane composition for landing, wall and fund of the furrow, through two application methods: for tractor, with 200 L/ha and aerial, with 40 L/ha, with the airplane flying in the sense of the line and perpendicular to the plantation line. It was also analyzed the area of the wall of the furrow where the deposition is more irregular and was identified the types of profiles more adapted to the herbicidas application. The analyses of the profile of the land of areas of sugar-cane plantation, they were accomplished in nine mills of the State of São Paulo, being three in areas of soil of sandy texture, three in soil of medium texture and three in soil of loamy texture. The data were collected in ten followed furrows, in each mill and the average of the ten furrows provided the medium profile of the furrow of plantation of each mill. The analysis of the deposition of the spray solution was accomplished in Mill Unialco. The solution was prepared being diluted copper sulfate, in water, in the dose of 1 kg / ha. The drops of the sprayed were collected in glass sheets, that were distributed in the landings, walls and funds of the furrows of the several appraised furrows. The analysis of the copper concentration in the sheets, accomplished in the apparel spectrum-fotometro of atomic absorption, provided the identification of the values of the volume of sprayed in the different areas of the furrow. The data were analyzed through the test t. Was observed that the irregularity of the land, in areas of plantation of sugar-cane doesn't make the deposition of the spray solution. The amount of product deposited in the wall of the furrow, depends on its inclination angle and it can...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The thesis describes characteristics of rapeseed and its life cycle. Its main objective is to approach the problematics of weeds in the spring formo of rapeseed on the lands of agricultural company AGRO Dolní Bukovsko. Small-plot experiment was founded on cadastral area Bzí near Dolní Bukovsko, in direction to Týn nad Vltavou. The problems in cultivation of cultural plants are caused by weeds, which are negatively affecting the quality of production as well as the economics of cultivation. Evaluation of weeds was carried out by the counting method in the period since March to August 2016. Number of the weed plants which were found on the particular location was regularly registered and evaluated. In the conclustion it is possible to state that long-term regulation of weed occurence has to be undertaken in time, thoroughly and has to be based on complete protection. Complete protection consists of direct and indirect methods of regulation. As one of the many but most effective possibilities it is possible to use herbicide preparations

Le suivi de la qualité de l'eau a été d'une grande importance depuis ces dernières décennies afin de trouver des solutions de contrôler la contamination de l'eau, induite en grande partie par les activités agricoles et industrielles. Bien que les méthodes conventionnelles, comme la chromatographie, sont des outils très précis et sensibles, un intérêt grandissant a été placé sur des techniques prometteuses qui peuvent être utilisées sur site, sont bas coût, et offrent la possibilité d'effectuer des analyses rapides. Le travail présenté ici est dédié au développement de composant Laboratoire sur Puce pour l'analyse de la toxicité de l'eau. Il consiste en un système portable pour la détection sur site et offre la possibilité d'une double détection complémentaire : optique et électrochimique. Comme la partie dédiée au capteur électrochimique a préalablement été validée, cette étude est focalisée sur l'implémentation d'un biocapteur électrochimique basé sur l'utilisation d'une algue, pour la détection de polluants dans l'eau. Le principe basique de détection consiste au suivi de changements de l'activité métabolique d'algues induits par la présence d'herbicides. La réponse de l'algue est différente pour chaque concentration d'herbicide dans un échantillon examiné. Deux herbicides sélectionnés affectent l'activité photosynthétique de l'algue et par conséquent, induisent des modifications dans la quantité des espèces électroactives produites par l'algue : O2, H2O2 et H3O+/OH-. Avant le développement du composant final type Laboratoire sur Puce, les principes de détection aussi bien que les matériaux d'électrode qui vont être intégrés, ont été validés en utilisant un type de composant plus simple, qui a été réalisé grâce aux technologies de fabrication silicium et qui a été caractérisé par des procédures plus simples. Une puce sur silicium contenant un microsystème électrochimique intégrant trois électrodes a été mis en place. Une fois validés, les matériaux de détection et les configurations choisis précédemment ont été utilisés pour la fabrication des composants Laboratoire sur Puce. Les composants Laboratoire sur Puce ont été ensuite utilisés pour des tests biologiques afin de détecter les herbicides d'intérêt. Une attention spéciale a été placée sur le suivi de O2 comme indicateur de la présence d'herbicide, étant donné que cet élément est le plus représentatif de modifications de l'activité métabolique. Un effet d'inhibition sur la photosynthèse, dépendant de la concentration de l'herbicide a été démontré. La détection de l'herbicide a été réalisée avec une grande sensibilité et sur une gamme couvrant la limite de concentration maximale acceptable imposé par le gouvernement canadien. / Water quality assessment has attracted wide attention during the last decades in order to find ways to control contamination of water bodies induced, in a big part, by agricultural and industrial activities. Although conventional techniques, such as chromatography are highly accurate and sensitive tools, increasing interest has been placed lately to powerful alternative techniques that can be used on field, are cost-effective and offer the possibility of conducting rapid analysis. The present work was therefore dedicated to the development of a lab-on-chip device for water toxicity analysis. It consists in a portable system for on-site detection and aims at offering the possibility of conducting double complementary detection: optical and electrochemical. Since the optical sensor is already validated, this study focused on the implementation of the algal-based, electrochemical biosensor for detection water contaminants. The basic detection principle consists in monitoring disturbances in metabolic activities of algae induced by the presence of the herbicides. Algal response is different for each herbicide concentration in the examined sample. The two selected herbicides affect algal photosynthetic activity and consequently induce modifications in the quantity of electroactive species, O2, H2O2 and H3O+/OH- ions related to pH, produced by algae. Prior to the development of the final lab-on-chip device, the detection principle as well as the electrode materials that were going to be integrated were validated using a simpler device that was implemented using a silicon-based fabrication technology and was characterized using simpler procedures. A silicon chip containing the integrated three-electrode electrochemical microsystem was fabricated. The performance of the microsystem was evaluated through electrochemical characterization and calibration was performed. Once validated, the aforementioned materials and configurations were used for the fabrication of the lab-on-chip devices. The lab-on-chip devices were further used in bioassays to detect the herbicides of interest. Special emphasis was placed on O2 monitoring as indicator of the presence of herbicide, as it is the element the most representative of variations in metabolic activities. A concentration-dependent inhibition effect of the herbicide on photosynthesis was demonstrated. Herbicide detection was achieved with a greater sensitivity and a range covering the limit of maximum acceptable concentration imposed by Canadian government.

The aim of this thesis is to expand knowledge about how to control very dangerous weeds occurring on arable land in forests grown rapeseed. When growing crops are placed great demands on the quality of both production and the economy growing. Modern technologies of cultivation and the production system measures its influence reached the amount of seeds and harvest quality. The possibility of using herbicides to control the occurrence of plant very dangerous weed species in stands grown at conventional oilseed farming is offered as one of the many and very effective control measures against the occurrence of monocot and dicotyledonous weeds.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-04-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 azania_cam_dr_jabo.pdf: 399283 bytes, checksum: 9fedd85a6bf50d41c8af494e18c22c45 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho objetivou comparar a precisão experimental do delineamento em blocos casualizados convencional e blocos casualizados com tratamentos testemunhas pareadas sobre a seletividade dos herbicidas azafenidin + hexazinone, isoxaflutole, metribuzin e diuron + hexazinone, aplicados em condição de pós-emergência inicial e tardia da cana-de-açúcar nas épocas das chuvas e de estiagem. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no município de Araras, SP, após a colheita com queima prévia do canavial, em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar (cv. RB835089), de terceiro e quarto corte, durante dois anos agrícolas (safras de 2001/2002 e 2002/2003), nas épocas das chuvas e de estiagem, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, acrescido de uma testemunha capinada para cada tratamento químico, dentro de cada bloco. Os herbicidas utilizados foram diuron + hexazinone (1170 + 330 g ha-1), azafenidin + hexazinone (192,5 + 247,5 g ha-1), metribuzin (1,92 L ha-1) e isoxaflutole (127,5 g ha-1) e testemunha capinada. Os herbicidas foram aplicados com equipamento costal pressurizado (CO2), munido de barra com três bicos Teejet DG (Drift Guardian) 110.02 VS, espaçados de 0,50 cm, a uma pressão de 35 libras pol-2 em volume de calda de aproximadamente 250 L ha-1. Concluiu-se que o delineamento em blocos com testemunhas pareadas possui maior precisão experimental que o delineamento em blocos ao acaso tradicional, quando as comparações envolvem as médias de tratamentos e testemunha; para a comparação de médias constatou-se maior precisão experimental para o teste t de Student e a desvantagem do delineamento em blocos com testemunhas pareadas é o aumento da área experimental, devido ao maior número de parcelas das testemunhas... / This research aimed to evaluate the effect of additional checks on experimental precision to each treatment of a randomized complete block design when determining selectivity of azafenidin + hexazinone, isoxaflutole, metribuzin and diuron + hexazinone on sugarcane, applied early and late postemergence in rainy and dry season. Field trials were carried out at Araras-SP, Brazil using sugarcane cv. RB835089 with burn pre-harvest system, during the rainy season of 2001 and the dry season of 2002. The treatments diuron + hexazinone (1170 + 330 g ha-1), azafenidin + hexazinone (192,5 + 247,5 g ha-1), metribuzin (1,92 L ha-1) e isoxaflutole (127,5 g ha-1) and hand-weeded correspondent checks for each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Larger experimental precision was achieved when additional checks where included in statistical analysis and so, compensated the practical disadvantage of increasing experimental area. Student's t test provided the best results for mean comparisons. In the rainy season and for early applications, only isoxaflutole reduced sugarcane production and caused injuries symptoms. Meanwhile, in late postemergence, whole treatments decreased sugarcane production, all except diuron + hexazinone, affected the technological characteristics estimated but only azafenidin + hexazinone caused injuries symptoms. During the dry season, early applications performed similarly to the checks but effects for all late postemergence treatments were detected, except in the case of yield and fluorescence index (Fv/Fm) estimations for metribuzin.

It is spoken about persistentent weed called Scentless Mayweed in this graduation theses, whose became more expandable hand in hand with gradual passage of some companies to the minimisational methods of the soil processing. The biology and morfology of Scentless Mayweed is described in this theses, so as gadgetries of his diffusion and on this priciples of this knowledge the weedy si discussed. There are many methods of feedback control described {--} mechanical so as chemical and its subseqent economical evaluatin and its matching. This issue tries to clear up why the stress of this weed on arable crop is so hard, why it is so successful weed at the point of wiew of competitive relations and what sort of mechanisms are used. At the advances that were show round in Kluky in former Písek county it was found out the influence of the herbicides and subsequently the remedial measures for weed control were accepted.

Pyroxasulfone is a VLCFA inhibitor labeled to control grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Little information is available regarding this herbicide being applied postemergence. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pyroxasulfone used postemergence. Pyroxasulfone applied to 2-leaf wheat controlled up to 83% of the green foxtail but had little to no effect on broadleaves. An additional field study was conducted to determine if pyroxasulfone could give supplemental green foxtail control when tank-mixed with ALS inhibitors. Few tank-mix combinations increased control, and the tank-mixes that did had inadequate control, <70%. Greenhouse experiments were also conducted. The first concluded that a wide range of grass species are susceptible to pyroxasulfone applied postemergence. The second demonstrated weed control with pyroxasulfone is almost exclusively due to root uptake. Contradicting levels of control between field and greenhouse experiments suggests more information is needed before pyroxasulfone can be utilized as a postemergence herbicide. / North Dakota State University. Department of Plant Sciences