Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / This paper was the objective to identify some deciding factors of purchases of European and synthetic breeding bull at auctions in Rio Grande do Sul and its influence on the purchase price. Were viewed a total of 55 auctions, between television auctions and presential auctions. In total, were collected data of 4,569 Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Brangus and Braford breeding bull, auctioned in several cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected in two stages: the first consisted of the collection data catalogs related to phenotypic and genotypic information at auction or websites of the auction companies, the second stage was the collection of information marketing of animals. Data were tabulated in spreadsheets software and then analyzed using a statistical software. Braford bulls had higher value than Aberdeen Angus, Brangus and Hereford breeding cattle. Bulls of two years old were more valued than animals three years old in Aberdeen Angus, Brangus and Hereford breeds, while the opposite occurred to Braford breed. The trade of bulls take effect in the spring have higher sales value compared to trades in the fall. The weight of the bull influence on the best selling price, the same does not occur with scrotal perimeter. The red fur bull has higher value than the black fur, both in Angus as Brangus. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar alguns fatores decisórios no processo de compra de reprodutores das raças europeias e sintéticas em leilões no Rio Grande do Sul e sua influência no preço de venda. Foram acompanhados um total de 55 leilões, sendo alguns televisivos e outros presenciais. Ao total foram coletados dados da oferta de 4.569 reprodutores de bovinos de corte das raças Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Brangus e Braford, leiloados em diversos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram obtidos em duas etapas: a primeira constou da coleta de dados dos catálogos referentes a informações fenotípicas e genotípicas distribuídos ao início dos leilões ou através dos sitios das empresas leiloeiras. A segunda foi a coleta de informações da comercialização dos animais. Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas eletrônicas e posteriormente analisados por meio de software estatístico. Touros da raça Braford tiveram maior valor comercial do que os Aberdeen Angus, Brangus e Hereford. Touros de dois anos foram mais valorizados do que os de três anos nas raças Angus, Brangus e Hereford, mas não os Braford. As comercializações efetivadas durante a primavera têm valor de venda superior quando comparada às do outono. O peso do touro influencia no melhor preço de venda, mas não o perímetro escrotal. Os touros de pelagem vermelha têm maior valor comercial do que os de pelagem preta, tanto na raça Aberdeen Angus quanto na Brangus.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to obtain more information regarding the characterisation of Afrikaner (A), Hereford (H) and Simmentaler (S) breeds in an initial crossbreeding programme and subsequent composite development. This involves the estimation of breed additive effects, breed maternal, individual heterotic effects and maternal heterotic effects in the initial crossbreeding phase and the estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of breeding values in later generations for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and cow efficiency (CE; WW/dam weight" 75 x 100) in an intensive environment under high stocking rates. In the analysis of the initial crossbreeding phase, the S breed direct effects, expressed as deviation from the general mean, were positive (P :s; 0.01) for both BW and WW. Hereford and A breed direct effects were negative (P :s; 0.01) for both BW and WW. Afrikaner direct maternal effects were positive (P :s; 0.01) for both BW and WW. The H direct maternal effect was negative (P :s; 0.05) (- 2.8%) for WW. Simmentaler maternal effect was negative (P :s; 0.01) for BW but non-significant (P ;:::0:.05) for WW. Individual heterotic effects for BW were significant (P:S; 0.01) in H x S (3.5%) and S x A (11.0%) only. Individual heterotic effects were positive (P :s; 0.01) for WW, with that of the H x A (9.8%) and S x A (6.7%) crosses exceeding the H x S (3.1%) cross. Maternal heterotic effects were non-significant (P ;:::0:.05) for both BW and WW. Investigations of the contributions of the A, Hand S during composite development in later generations, respectively, were made to estimate direct heritabilities (h2 a) and maternal heritabilities (h2 m) for BW and WW of the calf and CE of the dam. Calves were born between 1968 and 1993 (n = 52628). Calves of this composite population had varying levels of A, Hand S genes ranging from o to 75%, 0 to 100% and 0 to 96.9%, with an average of 4.3,19.3 and 33.4%, respectively. For the A, direct heritabilities fitting unitrait models were 0.67, 0.53 and 0.19 for BW, WW and CE, respectively, with corresponding estimates of h2mbeing 0.22, 0.36 and 0.58. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects (ram)were negative for all three traits, varying from -0.32 to - 0.62. Direct breeding values for BW increased and reached a maximum value at 0.11 proportion of A. The maternal breeding values for BW decreased linearly between 1.6 to 37.5% A proportion and increased linearly between 37.5 to 75% A proportion. For WW, the direct breeding values decreased linearly with increasing A proportion, while the maternal breeding values were not affected by proportion of A. Cow efficiency was unaffected by an increase in proportion of A. For the H, direct heritabilities fitting unitrait models were 0.67,0.52 and 0.21 for BW, WW and CE, respectively, with corresponding estimates of h2mbeing 0.22, 0.36 and 0.60. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects (ram)were negative for all three traits, varying from -0.32 to - 0.64. Direct breeding values and maternal breeding values for BW and WW decreased with increasing proportion of H. Direct breeding value for CE increased, while the maternal breeding value for CE reached minimum value at 0.62 proportion ofH. For the S, direct heritabilities fitting unitrait models were 0.66, 0.53 and 0.21 for BW, WW and CE, respectively, with corresponding estimates of h2m being 0.22, 0.36 and 0.59. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects (ram)were negative for all three traits, varying from -0.32 to - 0.63. Direct breeding values for BW and WW decreased and maternal breeding values increased with increasing proportion of S. Cow efficiency was unaffected by an increase in proportion of S. The study suggests that in the initial crossbreeding phase, purebred S breeding seems to be the best breeding practice for this environment and that during composite development, high A and H contributions could lead to low BW and WW (except the maternal contribution of the A for BW and WW). The advantage of the S lies more in the maternal contribution than in the direct contribution suggesting that the S is a large-framed maternal line rather than a terminal sire line. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'N WAARDEBEP ALING VAN DIE BYDRAE VAN DIE AFRIKANER, SIMMENTALER EN HEREFORD TYDENS KOMPOSIETE RASONTWIKKELING BY VLEISBEESTE: Die doel van die studie was om inligting aangaande die karakterisering van die Afrikaner (A), Hereford (H) en Simmentaler (S) rasse tydens die oorspronklike aanvangsfase van kruisteling en daaropvolgende komposiet ontwikkeling te verkry. Dit het die beraming van direkte additiewe, individuele heterose, direkte materne en materne heterotiese effekte tydens die aanvangsfase van die kruisteeltprogram, die beraming van genetiese parameters en die voorspelling van die teeltwaardes in latere generasies behels. Die eienskappe wat ingesluit is, is geboortegewig (BW), speengewig (WW) en koeidoeltreffendheid (CE; WW/koeigewigo.75 ). Hierdie kudde is in 'n intensiewe maar onder 'n hoë weidingsdruk omgewing aangehou. Tydens die ontleding van die eerste kruisteeltfase is die direkte additiewe effekte vir die S, uitgedruk as afwyking van die algemene gemiddelde, vir beide BW en WW positief (P ~ 0.01). Direkte additiewe effekte vir die H en A was vir beide BW en WW negatief (P ~ 0.01). Afrikaner materne effekte was vir beide BW en WW (P ~ 0.01) positief. Die H direkte materne effekte was negatief (-2.8%) (P ~ 0.05) vir WW. Simmentaler maternal effekte was ook vir BW negatief (P ~ 0.01), maar nie-betekenisvol (P 20.05) vir WW. Individuele heterose was slegs betekenisvol (P ~ 0.01) vir kombinasies van H x S (3.5%) en S x H (11.0%) vir BW. Individuele heterose was positief (P ~ 0.01) vir WW waar H x A (9.8%) en S x A (6.7%) kruisings dié van die H x S (3.1%) kruising oortrefhet. Materne heterose was vir beide BW en WW nie-betekenisvol (P 2 0.05). Die relatiewe bydraes van die A, H en S is ook tydens komposiet-ontwikkeling bereken. Direkte additiewe oorerflikhede (h2 a) en materne oorerflikhede (h2m) is vir BW en WW van die kalf en CE van die koei beraam. Kalwers in die komposiet kudde, gebore tussen 1968 en 1993 (n = 52628), het variërende vlakke van A, H en S gene. Die samestelling het gevarieer van 0 - 75%, 0 - 100% en 0 - 96.9%, met 'n gemiddeld van 4.3, 19.3 en 33.4%. Vir die A was die direkte erfbaarhede (h2 a), soos deur die passing van 'n enkeleienskapmodel beraam, 0.67, 0.53 en 0.19 vir onderskeidelik BW, WW en CE, met ooreenstemmende beramings van 0.22, 0.36 en 0.58 vir h2 rn- Genetiese korrelasies tussen direkte en mateme effekte (ram)was almal negatief en het tussen -0.32 en -0.62 gewissel. Direkte teelwaardes vir BW het met toenemende A-bydrae gestyg en het 'n maksimum waarde by 0.11 bereik. Die mateme teelwaardes vir BW het lineêr gedaal tussen 1.6 en 37.5% A-bydrae en het weer lineêr tussen 37.5 en 75% Abydrae gestyg. Vir WW het die direkte teelwaardes lineêr met toenemende A-bydrae gestyg, terwyl die mateme teelwaardes nie deur A-bydrae beïnvloed was nie. Koeidoeltreffendheid was nie deur 'n toename in A-bydrae beïnvloed nie. Vir die H was die direkte erfbaarhede (h2 a), soos deur die passing van 'n enkeleienskapmodel beraam 0.67, 0.52 en 0.21 vir onderskeidelik BW, WW en CE, met ooreenstemmende beramings van 0.22, 0.36 en 0.60 vir h2 rn- Genetiese korrelasies tussen direkte en mateme effekte (ram)was almal negatief en het tussen -0.32 en -0.64 gewissel. Direkte teelwaardes en mateme teelwaardes vir BW en WW het met toenemende H-bydrae gedaal. Direkte teelwaarde vir CE het ook met toenemende If-bydrae gedaal, terwyl die mateme teelwaarde 'n minimum waarde by 0.62 H-bydrae bereik het. Vir die S was die direkte erfbaarhede (h2a), soos deur die passing van 'n enkeleienskapmodel beraam 0.66, 0.53 en 0.21 vir onderskeidelik BW, WW en CE, met ooreenstemmende beramings van 0.22, 0.36 en 0.59 vir h2 m- Genetiese korrelasies tussen direkte en mateme effekte (ram)was almal negatief en het tussen -0.32 en -0.63 gewissel. Direkte teelwaardes vir BW en WW het gedaal, terwyl die mateme teelwaardes met toenemende S-bydrae gestyg het. Koeidoeltreffendheid was nie deur 'n toename in S-bydrae beïnvloed nie. Die bevinding was dat tydens die ontleding van die eerste kruisteeltfase die teling van suiwer S aanbeveel word en dat tydens komposiete-ontwikkeling toenemende A- en H-bydraes neig om aanleiding te gee tot afnames in BW en WW (behalwe die mateme bydrae van die A vir BW en WW). Die S-bydrae se voordeel is meer in die mateme bydrae as in die direkte bydrae geleë en dui dus aan dat die S as 'n mateme grootraam lyn i.p.v. as 'n terminale bullyn gebruik moet word.

No description available.

The thesis aims to answer the following question: how did the relationships people had with Thomas Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford between 1275 and 1282, shape the nature of his posthumous cult? The thesis rejects the idea that the veneration of saints in medieval England was politically neutral, or that their cults represented a stable, uncontentious means of resolving social discord. Instead, it posits that the invocation and memorialisation of Cantilupe was an intrinsically political act, and one that was available to ordinary people; these memories were formulated through their personal experiences of life in thirteenth century Hereford, and the people and institutions that populated it. These arguments are primarily based on evidence drawn from Cantilupe’s canonisation proceedings, particularly records and testimonies of his purported miracles. The first chapter discusses the historiography of saints’ cults in medieval Europe, and how their social function has typically been characterised, and outlines the principal sources for the thesis and how they will be used. The second chapter of this thesis takes the form of a brief biography of Cantilupe’s life and career, with a particular focus on how his actions might have affected the ways different people perceived him after his death. The third chapter enumerates the principal institutions and individuals that exercised power alongside Cantilupe in the diocese, and situates miracle recipients for whom we otherwise have little evidence within these contexts. Chapter four deals with the perspectives generated by Cantilupe’s interactions with the other lay and ecclesiastical authorities that constituted the structures of power in the diocese. Chapter five concerns the attitudes generated through direct experience of Cantilupe himself, or the way in which these attitudes were mediated by someone who did know him personally. Evidence that helps us to establish how ideas about Cantilupe were memorialised is discussed in chapter six.

Theme of this work is breeding of cattle meat breed Hereford breed and their crossbreds with Charolais and Czech spotted cattle. We monitored the influence of sex, breed of father and mother, parity and month of calving on the average weight of calves at 120, 210 and 365 days of animal age. Growth of calves in individual cross combinations were evaluated too. The study was performed on the selected herd of 215 pieces of cattle: 85 of Hereford breed, 68 of Charolais breed and 62 of Czech spotted cattle breed. The herd is bred on the private farm with a total area 90ha of pastures located in the South Bohemian village Lhota near Mladosovice. We used information and performance of the herd of cattle between the years: 2017 and 2018. This diploma thesis confirms that higher average weights can be attain as crossbreeding of meat breeds and also by crossbreeds with dual purpose cattle breeds. Calves born in the late months of the year come up to higher average weights too. From the statistical analysis it is possible to prove the influence of the parent combination on the average weights of calves and their weight gains. The lowest weight gains were observed in calves of crossbred combination of Charolais vs. Czech spotted cattle (0.83 kg per day) and the highest values were detected in calves of Charolais vs. Hereford breeds (1 kg per day).

Foram avaliados os efeitos de duas cargas animais (CA270=270 Kg de peso corporal(PC)/ha=0,6 unidade animal(UA=450kg PC)/ha; CA360=360 kg PC/ha=0,8 UA/ha) em pastagens naturais durante o inverno e primavera ou associadas a pastagens naturais melhoradas no desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas Hereford do sobreano ao primeiro serviço aos 24/26 meses de idade de três grupos de peso corporal (PC): Leves, Médias e Pesadas. Foram formados quatro manejos alimentares: CA 270 – novilhas em pastagem natural com carga animal de 0,6 UA/ha (270 kg de PC/ha); CA360 – novilhas em pastagem natural com carga animal de 0,8 UA/ha (360 kg de PC/ha); CA 270M – novilhas em pastagem natural com carga animal de 0,6 UA/ha e após pastagem natural melhorada; CA 360M – novilhas em pastagem natural com carga animal de 0,8 UA/ha e após pastagem natural melhorada. As cargas animais afetaram significativamente as perdas diárias de peso durante o inverno (-0,138 kg e -0,356 kg para CA270 e CA360, respectivamente). As novilhas em pastejo na primavera em pastagem natural melhorada foram superiores àquelas somente em pastagem natural em ganho de peso no pré-acasalamento, em peso e condição corporal ao início e fim do período reprodutivo. Novilhas em menor carga animal tiveram 70% de prenhez significativamente maior que os 51,1% da maior carga animal. Novilhas com pastejo em pastagens naturais melhoradas no pré-serviço tiveram 83,9% de prenhez, enquanto as novilhas somente em pastagem natural, somente 40,3%. Os grupos de pesos tiveram perdas de pesos distintas durante o inverno: pequenas -0,192; médias -0,242 e grandes -0,306 kg/dia, mas mantiveram as diferenças de pesos ao início e fim da reprodução. Novilhas mais pesadas têm maior prenhez. Novilhas em carga menor ou com pastejo em pastagens naturais melhoradas concebem significativamente mais cedo. / It was evaluated the effects of two stocking rates (CA270=270 kg life weight (LW)=0,6 animal unit (AU=450kg LW)/ha and CA360 = 360kg LW/ha = 0,8 AU/ha) on natural pasture during the winter and spring seasons or associated to improved natural pasture at spring, on reproductive performance of Hereford heifers of three group of weights (light, medium and heavy) with first service at 26 months of age. It was formed four feeding systems: CA270 - heifers on natural pasture at stocking rate of 0.6 AU/ha; CA360 – heifers on natural pasture at stocking rate of 0.8 AU/ha; CA 270M - heifers on natural pasture at stocking rate of 0.6 AU/ha and after on improved natural pasture; CA 360M - heifers on natural pasture at stocking rate of 0.8 AU/ha and after on improved natural pasture. The stocking rates affected the daily variations of weight during the winter (-0.138 vs -0.356 kg/day for CA 270 and CA360, respectively). The heifers that grazed improved pastures at spring had higher weight gain before mating, higher weight and body condition at beginning and end of reproduction period than heifers on natural pasture. Heifers on lower stocking rate had significantly higher pregnancy (70.0%) than the ones on higher stocking rate (51.1%). Heifers that had improved natural pasture had 83.9%, while heifers on natural pasture had only 40,3%. Heifers on lower stoking rate or grazing improved natural pasture pre-reproduction had earlier pregnancy. The weight groups had different losses during the winter: light – 0,192; medium – 0.242; heavy – 0.306 kg/day), keeping the differences in weight until the of mating. Heaviest heifers at beginning and end of reproduction had higher pregnancy rate.

A factorially designed experiment had 18 Hereford and 18 Holstein steers on individually fed, high-grain diets. One diet included 59% rolled barley, 30% CSF beet pulp, 5% protein, vitamin, mineral, and stilbestrol supplement, and 6% chopped hay and straw. The other diet had corn silage (11% air dry matter equivalent) substituted for the chopped roughage and 5% of the beet pulp. The Holsteins were heavier at the start, 752 lb. as compared to the Herefords 686 lb. average. The weight differential was maintained throughout the approximately 180-day trial. The Holstein's feed consumption and rate of gain, 23.4 and 2.71 lb. respectively, were significantly better than the hereford's 20.1 and 2.23 lb. The average feed conversion difference was not significant, with 8.68 for the Holsteins and 9.20 for the Herefords. There was no significant difference in carcass grade, although the Herefords tended to grade higher and had significantly better conformation scores. The Holsteins had less fat cover, .178 inches as compared to .497 inches, and a significantly higher cutability, with 52% for the Holsteins vs. 50% for the Herefords. Feed conversion was 8.57 for the cattle on the diet containing silage and 9.30 for those on the diet without silage (P<.05). This experiment's relatively low level of silage apparently improved palatability and minimized the wastage of "fines." The relatively large variations in all measures among individual animals were considered a significant observation.

No description available.

Foi desenvolvido um experimento, numa criação comercial localizada na região subtropical do Estado do Paraná, para identificar os efeitos que influenciam a taxa de prenhez de 117 vacas de corte Nelore x Hereford, com idades entre 2 e 20 anos e com diferentes frações gênicas de Nelore (25,0%; 37,5%; 50,0% e 100,0%), paridas no período de 11/08/03 a 23/12/03 e acasaladas, por monta natural, entre 10/12/03 a 12/03/04. Foram avaliados os efeitos do peso ao início do acasalamento (PI), ganho diário médio de peso durante o acasalamento (GDA), escore de condição corporal ao início do acasalamento (ECCI), data juliana de parto (DJ), altura de garupa (H), fração gênica de Nelore (FGN), ordem de parto (OP), sexo do terneiro (S), peso ao nascer (PN) e peso ao desmame ajustado (PAJ205) sobre a probabilidade de prenhez (Pi). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão logística, por meio do procedimento Logistic do pacote computacional SAS, para identificar os efeitos de cada variável na Pi. A média da taxa de prenhez foi de 43,2%. A Pi foi explicada pelas variações de ECCI (P=0,25), PI (P=0,02), GDA (P=0,09) e DJ (P=0,07). A mudança na chance de prenhez para cada acréscimo de unidade na variável regressora foi estimada com base na estatística da razão entre chances (odds ratio) dada por OR = exp(k), considerando que chance é a razão entre a probabilidade do evento ocorrer e a probabilidade do evento não ocorrer A razão entre chances foi estimada em 1,341, 1,133, 1,197 e 0,886 para ECCI, PI, GDA e DJ, respectivamente. Não foram observados efeitos significativos (P>0,30) da FGN, OP, S, PN e PAJ205 sobre a Pi. A chance das vacas conceberem esteve associada ao escore de condição corporal no início do acasalamento, sendo de 34,1% para cada 0,5 unidade de ECCI e de 19,7% para cada 0,100 kg/d na variação de peso durante o acasalamento. Além disto, vacas com partos mais cedo dentro do ano e com maiores pesos no início do acasalamento também apresentaram maiores chances de conceber, 12,9% e 13,3%, respectivamente. Portanto, para aumentar as taxas de prenhez de vacas de corte são necessárias melhorias no escore de condição corporal no início do acasalamento e no ganho de peso durante a estação de monta, ambos decorrentes de uma adequada nutrição pré e pós-parto.