No description available.

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

To determine the effects of different algal diets on freshwater mussels, tissues of Elliptio complanata were sampled for physiological, somatic, and gametogenic condition from August 1999 to May 2000. Treatments included mussels fed Scenedesmus quadricauda (S), Neochloris oleoabundans (N), a no feed treatment (NF), and a reference group of mussels from the Nottoway River (NR), Virginia. The levels of protein and glucose differed among treatments (p<0.0001), but glycogen and percentage tissue moisture did not (p>0.17). Production of ripe and developing gametes differed significantly among treatments (p=0.001), but stage of gamete development did not (p=0.70). Lipid levels and muscle fiber areas of treatment groups differed significantly (p<0.0001). Results of the feeding trial indicate that S. quadricauda is a suitable feed for E. complanata, but future experiments should identify algal species higher in carbohydrates for a mixed algal diet. To determine sex and stage of gametogenesis, tissue histological sections from gonads of Villosa iris and Utterbackia imbecillis were evaluated. Occurrences of oogenic, spermatogenic, and hermaphroditic tissues were summarized in frequency tables. Visceral sites from which similar tissues were collected from conspecific specimens were evaluated for gametogenic stage. Sex was accurately determined in the central, visceral portion V. iris and female regions of U. imbecillis; and spermatogenic tissue was consistent in the dorsal-anterior areas of U. imbecillis. These areas also provided accurate determination of gamete stage in specimens. Reproductive asynchrony was observed among males and females (p<0.02). Male regions of U. imbecillis showed gamete stage characterized by mature and developing spermatogenic tissue, while 2 groups of mussels were showed oogenic development characterized by mature oocytes and resorption of gametes. Male V. iris showed early gamete development without mature spermatozoa, and 2 groups of female V. iris showed mature and developing gametes and resorption of gametes. Protocols for biopsy tissue collection from selected visceral areas were developed for U. imbecillis and V. iris for sex determination and staging of gametogenesis. The application of this biopsy protocol should be considered population specific, and protocols appropriate for other populations and species should be developed with methods of this study. / Ph. D.

The biology of four species of Choerodon (Labridae), the blue tuskfish C. cyanodus, the bluespotted tuskfish C. cauteroma, the baldchin groper C. rubescens and the blackspot tuskfish C. schoenleinii was studied in Shark Bay in Western Australia. These species are fished commercially and/or recreationally in this large subtropical marine embayment, which is a world heritage area. The biology of C. rubescens was also studied in the Abrolhos Islands, which are located ~ 300 km to the south of Shark Bay, where this labrid is an important commercial and recreational fish species. The broad aims of this project were to determine the following for the above four Choerodon species in Shark Bay. (1) Whether they are protogynous hermaphrodites, as is the case with many labrids. (2) The biological variables required for developing management plans for these species, such as the timing of spawning, the lengths and ages at both maturity and sex change, size and age compositions and growth parameters, and (3) the habitat types occupied during their life cycles and also of the purple tuskfish Choerodon cephalotes. Finally, comparisons are made between the age and size compositions, growth and reproductive biology of C. rubescens in Shark Bay and the Abrolhos Islands. Where relevant, the underlying hypotheses for the individual studies conducted during this PhD are included in the following chapters. A macroscopic and histological examination of the gonads of the full size range of C. cyanodus, C. cauteroma, C. rubescens and C. schoenleinii, together with an analysis of the length and age compositions of female, transitional (individuals changing sex) and male individuals, demonstrated that each of these species is a protogynous hermaphrodite, i.e. individuals change sex from female to male during their life cycle. The gonads of all small (< ca 100 mm) and young (< ca 1 year old) individuals of each species comprised solely ovarian tissue and thus the individuals of each species began life as a female. All individuals subsequently become sexually mature as females and then later in life some will change to males. Since this was found to be the only method of sex change in these species, they are termed monandric. Individuals that were changing sex contained “undelimited type 2” gonads sensu Sadovy and Shapiro (1987). These gonads contained both ovarian and testicular tissue that was intermixed and not separated by connective tissue. The males of each species possessed secondary testes, which retained structures of the ovary they had replaced, such as a membrane-lined ovarian lumen, lamellae and ovary wall. Furthermore, histological sections indicated that sperm were transported towards the outer walls of the testes, where the multiple sperm sinuses present in that region were presumably responsible for transporting sperm to the cloaca, rather than to a singular sperm duct as is the case with gonochoristic species. The typically large size and different colour of the males of C. rubescens, C. schoenleinii and C. cauteroma and the bias in the sex ratios of their adults towards females suggests that the males of each of these species are either haremic, i.e. permanently territorial, or form leks, i.e. are temporarily territorial during their spawning seasons. In these three species, the presence of ripe testes that are far smaller than ripe ovaries and the release by females of eggs in batches are consistent with a single male spawning with an individual female, as commonly occurs in haremic/lekking species. In contrast to the above species, C. cyanodus was not sexually dichromatic, the sex ratio was not biased towards either sex and the weight of ripe testes remained relatively constant as body weight increased. The latter implies that the relative investment of energy by males into testicular development during the spawning season declines with increasing fish size. Thus, the males of C. cyanodus may be opportunistic spawners when small, possibly spawning in groups, and may tend towards a haremic or lek mode of life when larger. The respective lengths and ages at which 50% of the females of C. cyanodus C. cauteroma and C. schoenleinii attained sexual maturity (L50m, A50m) in Shark Bay were ca 129, 196 and 253 mm and 2.3, 2.0 and 3.5 years of age. The corresponding L50m and A50m for C. rubescens in Shark Bay and the Abrolhos Islands were ca 274 and 279 mm, respectively, and 2.7 and 4.1 years of age, respectively. The respective lengths and ages at which 50% of the females of C. cyanodus, C. cauteroma and C. schoenleinii changed to males (L50c, A50c) in Shark Bay were 221, 310 and 556 mm and 4.1, 6.4 and 10.4 years of age. The length at which C. rubescens changed sex (L50c) was significantly greater in Shark Bay (545 mm) than in the Abrolhos Islands (479 mm), whereas the reverse pertained with respect to the age at sex change (A50c), i.e. 10.5 vs 11.9 years of age. Since some females were found in the oldest age classes of each species in Shark Bay and in the population of C. rubescens in the Abrolhos Islands, some of the females of each species do not apparently change sex. The trends exhibited by the gonadosomatic indices of females and males and the stages of ovarian development in sequential months demonstrated that the spawning periods of each species varied. Thus, C. rubescens (in both Shark Bay and the Abrolhos Islands) and C. cauteroma spawn predominantly in spring, whereas spawning occurs in late spring/early summer in C. schoenleinii and in summer in C. cyanodus. As C. schoenleinii, C. cyanodus and C. cauteroma occur predominantly within the inner gulfs of Shark Bay, the offset in the timing of their spawning periods would be likely to reduce any potential for competition between the larvae of those three species for resources. The trends exhibited by the mean monthly marginal increments in sectioned otoliths with differing numbers of opaque zones demonstrated that, in each species, those opaque zones were laid down annually. Thus, the numbers of opaque zones in the sectioned otoliths of individuals of each species could be used, in conjunction with the birth date and time of year when those zones are delineated, to determine their approximate ages at capture. The maximum ages recorded for the four Choerodon species in Shark Bay ranged only from 12 to 16 years. However, in that environment, the maximum lengths of C. rubescens (649 mm) and C. schoenleinii (805 mm) were far greater than those of C. cauteroma (424 mm) and C. cyanodus (382 mm). In contrast to the situation with C. rubescens in Shark Bay, this species reached a substantially older maximum age (22 years), but slightly shorter length (629 mm), and grew at a slower rate in the Abrolhos Islands, possibly reflecting the influence of greater productivity in Shark Bay and/or greater densities of this species in the Abrolhos Islands. Although a few C. rubescens and C. schoenleinii reach large sizes in Shark Bay, most of the individuals of these species were less than 400 mm, their minimum legal length (MLL) for capture. This raises the possibility that these two sought after species, i.e. the seventh and ninth most abundant species in the recreational fishery in Shark Bay, are subjected to substantial fishing pressure. Sampling for C. cyanodus was considered representative of the sites that this species occupies in Shark Bay and the sampling methods would have been likely to have captured the full size range of this tuskfish. Thus, the failure to catch any C. cyanodus greater than 400 mm indicates that, in Shark Bay, this species does not grow to the far greater lengths of about 600 mm reported for this species as a maximum by Allen (1999). Furthermore, the 400 mm MLL for this species in Western Australia precludes the retention by fishers of this species in this environment. Choerodon cauteroma was caught at lengths up to 424 mm, which is greater than the maximum of 360 mm reported for this species (Allen, 1999). Although there is no MLL for C. cauteroma, recreational fishers are restricted to a bag limit of four fish per person per day, as is the case with all other tuskfish species. Since fishers target large fish preferentially and the largest size classes of each of the species of tuskfish are dominated by males, heavy fishing pressure has the potential to remove a large proportion of the males of the Choerodon species that are fished in Shark Bay, i.e. C. rubescens, C. schoenleinii and C. cauteroma, and also of C. rubescens in the Abrolhos Islands. Since the ratio of females to males in catches of C. rubescens taken by the commercial fishery in the Abrolhos Islands are ca 1:1 and yet the typical adult sex ratio is heavily biased towards females (ca 14:1), that fishery is removing a substantial proportion of the males from the population. Protogynous hermaphroditic species are apparently able to respond to such pressure on the males by initiating a change in sex by the larger females. However, there is evidence from studies of other protogynous species that heavy size-selective fishing can lead to a reduction in the size and age at which a species changes sex and ultimately to a collapse in the stock. The results of visual surveys, when taken in conjunction with the locations of the catches of each of the five Choerodon species, demonstrated that C. rubescens lives on reefs in “oceanic” waters along the western boundary of Shark Bay, whereas C. schoenleinii, C. cyanodus, C. cauteroma and C. cephalotes are found predominantly in the two inner gulfs of this large embayment. Choerodon cephalotes lives almost exclusively in seagrass beds, while C. schoenleinii and C. cyanodus occupy predominantly inner gulf reefs and rocky shorelines and C. cauteroma occurs in all of those three habitats. Choerodon cauteroma was the only species that underwent an obvious size-related shift during its life cycle, moving from seagrass to hard substrates, such as inner gulf reefs and rocky shorelines, as it reached adulthood. The biological and habitat data produced during this thesis will provide fisheries and environmental managers with the types of information that will enable them to develop management plans for conserving tuskfish species and their habitats in Shark Bay. The biological data for C. rubescens in the Abrolhos Islands will be able likewise to be used to develop plans for conserving the stock of this species in waters in which it is heavily fished.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-11T18:18:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Versao atualizada Dissertação Camila Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 4283237 bytes, checksum: b94bb3be2af7e3271536a1b017f891c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T18:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Versao atualizada Dissertação Camila Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 4283237 bytes, checksum: b94bb3be2af7e3271536a1b017f891c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / Cnpq / A idade e o crescimento do budiãoSparisomafrondosum capturado em Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil, foram estimados utilizando 251 otólitos (121 machos e 130 fêmeas), observando-se 1 a 9 anéis em indivíduos de 13,1 a36,8 cm CT. A análise do incremento marginal nos otólitos indicou que a menor distância do último anel à borda ocorreu no mês de janeiro, sugerindo a formação de um anel a cada ano. Os parâmetros de crescimento foram estimados para os modelos de von Bertalanffy, Gompertz e Richards. O critério de informação de Akaike (AIC) foi utilizado para verificar qual modelo melhor se ajustava aos dados, demonstrando que a equação de crescimento de von Bertalanffy(L∞= 34,28 cm; K= 0,36; t0= - 0,17)para sexos agrupados foi o melhor modelo,descrevendo adequadamente o crescimento da espécie.A composição etária para a amostra total (n =251) indicou que 55% dos indivíduos estiveram concentrados entre 3 e 4 anos, com idade máxima de 9 anos. As fêmeas estiveram presentes em todas as classes etárias e os machos de 2 a 7 anos. As fêmeas maduras representaram 45% da composição das capturas, com idade de primeira maturação gonadal de 1,5 anos (17,62 cm CT), baseado na curva de crescimento estimada no presente estudo. A estrutura etária, os parâmetros de crescimento e o tamanho de primeira maturação gonadal estimados pela primeira vez para Sparisomafrondosum constituem contribuição essencial a planos de manejo devido a explotação dessaespécie hermafrodita protogínica cuja estratégia requer o alcance do tamanho mínimo para a reversão sexual. / Age and growth of parrotfish Sparisomafrondosum captured in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, were estimated using otoliths 251 (121 males and 130 females), looking up 1 to 9 rings in individuals from 13.1 to 36.8 cm CT. The analysis of marginal increase in otolith indicated that the shortest distance of the last ring on the edge occurred in January, suggesting the formation of a ring each year. Growth parameters were estimated for models of von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Richards. The Akaike information criteria (AIC) was used to determine which model best fit the data, showing that the growth equation of von Bertalanffy (L∞ = 34.28 cm; K = 0.36; t0 = - 0, 17) for grouped sexes was the best model adequately describes the growth of the species. The age composition for the total sample (n = 251) indicated that 55% of individuals were concentrated between 3 and 4 years, with a maximum age of 9 years. The females were present in all age groups and males from 2 to 7 years. Mature females accounted for 45% of the catch composition, age of first sexual maturity of 1.5 years (17.62 cm CT) based on the growth curve estimated in this study. The age structure, growth parameters and the size of the first gonadal maturation estimated for the first time Sparisomafrondosum an essential contribution to management plans due to exploitation of this species hermaphrodite protogynous whose strategy requires the achievement of the minimum size for sex reversal.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_AnaClaudiaRomano_M.pdf: 5070136 bytes, checksum: 05d1b5f943f628fdb1b2b8966418f6d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho de mestrado é traduzir e estudar A Ilha dos Hermafroditas, obra em geral classificada junto a panfletos e à literatura polêmica, que, segundo Claude-Gilbert Dubois, inaugura o gênero utópico na França e, ao mesmo tempo, contém em si a primeira anti-utopia francesa. Artus Thomas, seu provável autor, não segue a estrutura paradigmática do texto de Thomas Morus, apresentando em um mesmo texto três partes distintas: uma anti-utopia de teor satírico, um poema panfletário e um discurso apologético, - a utopia propriamente dita. Para Pierre Bayle, trata-se de uma sátira engenhosa da corte de Henrique III, o último Valois, rei que se vestia de modo efeminado e vivia cercado de mignons com quem tinha uma relação confidencial. O alcance deste texto, de grande riqueza simbólica, vai, porém, além do tema sexual. Sua principal chave de leitura é a figura do hermafrodita, que, saído da área da teratologia médica, toma valor simbólico e pode ser transposto a diferentes áreas, especialmente à ideologia e à política, designando uma forma de oportunismo moral, econômico, filosófico e político, encoberto por uma ambigüidade de conduta e de discurso. Há neste libelo uma crítica ao estetismo maneirista derivado do naturalismo renascentista, em que o autor procura descobrir os vícios da natureza denunciando, ao mesmo tempo, as dissonâncias causadas pela subordinação dos princípios éticos à lei estética do interesse e do prazer. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária