in English In my diploma thesis I propose a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to describe economic inequality. The model combines two approaches that were traditionally used to model inequality - first, it features two classes of agents that differ in their ownership of capital and second, each class consists of heterogeneous agents who are subject to uninsurable idiosyncratic shocks. This combination allows the two classes to behave in a fundamentally different way while maintaining the individual character of agents in the economy - a feature that has not been modeled before but which adequately describes the empirical reality. I show that the model with classical RBC structure and a single wage underestimates the observed inequality. When the wage differential is introduced through different taxation of the two classes, the model matches empirical inequality much better. Further I argue that the government can significantly reduce inequality at a relatively small cost in terms of output lost. Finally using Theil coefficient decomposition, I show how much of the total inequality is attributable to between-class and within-class inequalities.

The aim of this master thesis was to investigate a photochemical degradation of three representatives of parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben) in aqueous solutions. Two experimental arragements were adopted in the study: a heterogeneous photocatalytic process on an immobilized TiO2 and a reaction in a homogeneous mixture; in the latter arrangement, the effect of Fe(III) concentrations was examined.

The aim of this work is to prepare heterogeneous nanoparticles which means nanoparticles composed of more than one material. Our approach lies in in-flight modification of primary nanoparticles in the tubular sputtering system. Our tubular system contains copper target and we deposit copper onto the flying primary nanoparticles by magnetron sputtering. The main advantage of this approach is independence of fabrication of primary nanoparticles and their subsequent modification. At first we optimized fabrication of nanoparticles by the gas aggregation source on behalf of the next modification. We also characterized conditions in the tubular sputtering system. We found process in the tubular system to be very complex and sensitive to the changes of the operational parameters. There is a strong interaction between flying nanoparticles and the discharge in the tubular system. Due to this interaction the nanoparticles are trapped in the plasma and the deposition rate is pulsing. The result of this work is modification of nickel and silver nanoparticles, preparation of heterogeneous nanoparticles Ni/Cu and Ag/Cu. These heterogeneous nanoparticles vary in composition, shape and size according to the conditions in the tubular system. We also successfully prepared Janus nanoparticles which are interesting for their...

The work deals with heterogeneous island models. The work designs and implements a new island model based on knowledge of homogeneous models of evolutionary algorithms. The model allows dynamic replanning of general computational methods. The work experimentally compares results of homogeneous and heterogeneous models.

The master's thesis deals with the new modification of vehicle routing problem -- 3PL vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet and split delivery. In addition to classical vehicle routing problem, we consider a heterogeneous suppliers fleet and also external carrier, which charges a fixed value per unit of transported goods. The reader is first introduces to vehicle routing problem, its history and possible solutions. Furthermore, the reader is acquainted with logistics and logistics providers. In the main part of this thesis is described 3PL vehicle routing problem and its mathematical model. At first we try to get optimal solution via CPLEX solver. But since this is an NP-hard task, heuristic method is proposed (in two variants) for solving this problem. The heuristic is then tested on the selected test tasks. Results obtained using the proposed heuristics are compared with the optimal solution. Even larger problems are then solved using this heuristics. In the end other modifications and possible improvements of this heuristic method are proposed.

This diploma thesis is engaged in considering of suitable technology for biodiesel production from used cooking oils. For the main parts of technology were made some mathematical models in a Chemcad programme. There was made a laboratory analysis of various samples of used cooking oil.

The thesis is focused on microstructural stability of heterogeneous weld joint of ODS steel and tungsten. The theoretical part summarizes the basic information about the structure and properties of ODS steels and describes the methods of joining these steels with tungsten. In the experimental part, materials MA956 and WL10 were welded by using electron beam. The individual samples differ by preheating temperature or use filler material. After annealing at 800 °C/1h and 1000 °C/5h, a change of the weld metal microstructure was evaluated by using scanning electron microscope. The chemical composition was measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy. It has been found that during annealing, massive precipitation of particles occures in the whole volume of the weld metal. These particles were identified as Laves phase.

Research was curried out on the perovskite systems with general formula A1-xA‘xB1-yB‘yO3± (where A=La, Sm, A´=Ca, B´=Al, B=Co,Fe,Mn and Cr). Perovskite oxides were sythesized by polymerisation methods and characterised by RTG analysis, BET method, SEM and EDX. TPD spectra and catalyst testing were measured in high temperature plug flow reactor and products were analysed by mass spectrometry. It was found, that metane oxidation at ratio O2/CH40,5 depended on the temperature. Total oxidation proceeded at the temperature betwen 300-700oC to the carbon dioxide and water, while the partial oxidation of metane (POM) occured at above 700oC to the hydrogen and carbon oxid (syngas). This was ascribed by equilibrium of O2 betwen gas phase and solid perovskite. There was used 12 perovskite systems, which catalysed methane oxidation by the same way. Dry reforming of methane run above temperature 700oC. Cobaltite and ferite type perovskites were found as the most active catalytic systems. On the base of obtained results the Mars van Krevelen mechanism was established for explanation of oxidation and reformation of methane by perovskite systems. It was showed, that POM was running by two steps mechanism. Products of total oxidation was occured in the first step, which were passed over to the syngas (H2+CO) in the second step.

The thesis is dedicated to welding combination of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V and austenitic steels 1.4301 by electron beam. Based on literature studies of bonding titanium and its alloys with steels, it was proposed to select for welding interlayer of copper, which could limit the impact of intermetallic phases on the mechanical properties of the weld seam and enable the creation of weld. For welding the pipe samples were used three methods of welding with various welding parameters. Samples which remain after thermal cycling vacuum-tight, were then further analyzed (micro-hardness, tensile test, etc.).

This work is focused on the preparation of heterogeneous bipolar membranes and studies the influence of different composition on mechanical and physical properties. The main feature of this approach is optimalization of composition following gained data. Theoretical part contains new piece of knowledge in the field of heterogeneous bipolar membranes. Experimental part engages preparation of bipolar ion-exchange membranes on one face cation-selective and on the other one anion-selective. In this case are used variant types of polyethylene.