abstract: Deterministic solutions are available to estimate the resilient modulus of unbound materials, which are difficult to interpret because they do not incorporate the variability associated with the inherent soil heterogeneity and that associated with environmental conditions. This thesis presents the stochastic evaluation of the Enhanced Integrated Climatic Model (EICM), which is a model used in the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide to estimate the soil long-term equilibrium resilient modulus. The stochastic evaluation is accomplished by taking the deterministic equations in the EICM and applying stochastic procedures to obtain a mean and variance associated with the final design parameter, the resilient modulus at equilibrium condition. In addition to the stochastic evaluation, different statistical analyses were applied to determine that the uses of hierarchical levels are valid in the unbound pavement material design and the climatic region has an impact on the final design resilient moduli at equilibrium. After determining that the climatic regions and the hierarchical levels are valid, reliability was applied to the resilient moduli at equilibrium. Finally, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design concept based on the Structural Number (SN) was applied in order to illustrate the true implications the hierarchical levels of design and the variability associated with environmental effects and soil properties have in the design of pavement structures. The stochastic solutions developed as part of this thesis work together with the SN design concept were applied to five soils with different resilient moduli at optimum compaction condition in order to evaluate the variability associated with the resilient moduli at equilibrium condition. These soils were evaluated in five different climatic regions ranging from arid to extremely wet conditions. The analysis showed that by using the most accurate input parameters obtained from laboratory testing (hierarchical Level 1) instead of Level 3 analysis could potentially save the State Department of Transportation up to 10.12 inches of asphalt in arid and semi-arid regions. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2011

Thematic unity in music occurs when elements from a musical idea appear frequently, in significant places and their presence is recognized or experienced on or beneath the surface. In fugal compositions, thematic unity is evident in the opening statement of the subject and it permeates each layer of its texture. Three analytical perspectives are used to investigate the degree to which local thematic material anticipates later structural features in Johan Sebastian Bach's Fugue in G minor WTC II, and Georg Frederic Handel's Fuga II in G Major. The analytical perspectives identify: (1) cohesive relationships between motivic fragments, (2) underlying motives and their relationships to keys and harmonic progressions, and (3) voice leading reductions relative to linear and tonal prolongation. Arnold Schoenberg, Hans Keller, and Rudolph Reti provide valuable insights concerning the organic nature of thematic material. The voice leading reductions of Heinrich Schenker and William Renwick offer procedures that reveal underlying thematic relationships. The cohesive elements of the selected fugues will be explained with reference to immediate and long-range relationships.

<p>Background: The description of different characters in soapoperas are often exaggerated to catch the viewers interest and to present an exiting content. The phenomenon that takes place in soapoperas can often relates to every-day- life-situations. The viewers should recognise them selves in the content, the imaginary situations and the characters should be normal but at the same time exaggerated and twisted to catch the viewers attention. This means that the characters in Rederiet should have connections to the real world and this makes it interesting to study how the different styels of leadership are descibed.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose is to analyse and compare three choosen characters in the soapopera Rederiet, from existing leadership thoeries. To identify leadership on three hierarchical levels – head of machinery, superintendent and captain – and to analyse how leadership are descibed in the soapopera. </p><p>Realization: The study is based on videotaped episodes of the soapopera Rederiet. </p><p>Conclusion: The mediate illustrations can be compared to the scientific theories. The three managers are different from eachother. Leadership depends on the managers acting, in the soapopera and in real life. The mediate illustrations shows that leadership are different and dependent on personality and hierarchical position. This holds for Rederiet and for real organizations.</p>

Background: The description of different characters in soapoperas are often exaggerated to catch the viewers interest and to present an exiting content. The phenomenon that takes place in soapoperas can often relates to every-day- life-situations. The viewers should recognise them selves in the content, the imaginary situations and the characters should be normal but at the same time exaggerated and twisted to catch the viewers attention. This means that the characters in Rederiet should have connections to the real world and this makes it interesting to study how the different styels of leadership are descibed. Purpose: The purpose is to analyse and compare three choosen characters in the soapopera Rederiet, from existing leadership thoeries. To identify leadership on three hierarchical levels – head of machinery, superintendent and captain – and to analyse how leadership are descibed in the soapopera. Realization: The study is based on videotaped episodes of the soapopera Rederiet. Conclusion: The mediate illustrations can be compared to the scientific theories. The three managers are different from eachother. Leadership depends on the managers acting, in the soapopera and in real life. The mediate illustrations shows that leadership are different and dependent on personality and hierarchical position. This holds for Rederiet and for real organizations.

Abstract Title: Unveiling the Power of Self-Leadership - A Qualitative Exploration of its Role as a Resource Across Hierarchical Levels and its Influence on Stress Management and Work Engagement.  Authors: Catharina Hämäläinen and Markus Melin Abrahamsson Supervisor: Jean-Charles Languilaire Background: Companies all over the world have been experiencing changes in the industries they are operating. It is previously shown that adapting to change is crucial for an organization to stay competitive and survive long-term. To adapt to change it has been shown by previous research that creating awareness, providing training, and setting favorable conditions for employees is important. Studies have also shown the occurring changes to impact employees' mental health, such as increased stress. A recent event that showed the impact of organizational change on employees' mental health was Covid-19. Studies have also shown the importance of stress management capabilities in changing organizations. One way to handle change and mitigate its negative impact on an organization’s employee, is by working with resources and capabilities. One resource that has been shown in studies to help manage stress and increase work engagement is self-leadership.  Purpose: Explore to which extent the resource self-leadership is organized in the hierarchical positions of members within an organization and how self-leadership can affect the capabilities of stress management and work engagement within these hierarchical positions.  Research question: How is self-leadership as a resource organized within the hierarchical levels of an organization, and how does it affect the capabilities of stress management and work engagement within these hierarchical positions?  Method: This thesis is based on a qualitative approach conducted through a collective case study where six interviews have been conducted, split equally between two organizations. One top manager, one middle manager, and one Non-managerial employee within each organization. The study’s research approach is of inductive nature with some deductive elements, therefore, the study’s research approach as a whole is considered abductive.  Conclusions: The conclusion of this study shows that self-leadership is organized at the top and middle managerial levels but not supported at the non-managerial level. It was also shown that when self-leadership as a resource is organized, it leads to stress management capabilities, however, it did not affect work engagement capabilities. This resulted in the conclusion that since self-leadership is organized at the top and middle managerial level it helps them in managing stress, but the lack of support for non-managerial employees resulted in limited stress management capabilities.

Streets provide the framework of a city and they are necessary for human life. Some underlying patterns of street networks cannot be directly recognized by people. In this study, topological analysis of urban street networks was adopted to build up new insight into urban morphology. Space syntax, which has been integrated into GIS, was applied for the analysis of spatial configuration, and fifty Swedish cities were chosen as samples to uncover various urban patterns. Street connectivity was the focus of the analysis and axial lines were the main analytical tools. The aim of this study was to hierarchically represent the cities’ streets and classify the sample cities into different types by urban morphology. Street data for Swedish cities were collected from OpenStreetMap. ArcGIS 10, with the Axwoman extension, provided a platform to carry out the topological analysis. Natural roads, axial lines and space syntax parameters were generated automatically with the functions of Axwoman. Hierarchical levels of streets were visually represented and the underlying pattern of each city was gotten from the hierarchical representation. Based on street hierarchy, the fifty sample cities were classified into nine groups, wherein cities of the same group had uniform hierarchical levels. Using the hierarchical pattern of each group’s axial lines, the nine city groups were further reclassified into three types. It was found that, for the street network of most sample cities represented with axial lines, not more than 40% of their streets have connectivity larger than the average value. The hierarchical representation also revealed that streets with high connectivity, which provide greater accessibility, were only minorities in the sample cities. Moreover, minor streets with high connectivity were almost distributed in city centers. In some of the studied cities, axial lines made better representation of the hierarchical patterns of streets, while in others, it did not provide a suitable way of uncovering urban patterns compared to natural roads. A limitation of axial lines manifested in this study was that it chopped curved roads into several segments, thus, disrupting the continuity of streets. In general, axial lines can provide a way to uncover urban patterns. They have meaningful effect to city residents and these patterns can help people gain better understanding of the urban structure. In addition, the hierarchical patterns of streets can be used to model pedestrian and traffic flows, predict crime occurrences, and make spatial plans. The hierarchical representation of streets can also contribute to people’s wayfinding performance.

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-01-26T19:16:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Alexandre da Silva Leite.pdf: 1270288 bytes, checksum: 840542348aa75734f450f3835defe8de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T19:16:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Alexandre da Silva Leite.pdf: 1270288 bytes, checksum: 840542348aa75734f450f3835defe8de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-24 / As empresas têm investido cada vez mais na segurança do trabalho, visando à redução de acidentes. O investimento em segurança é muito importante, porém os conjuntos de informações relativas às medidas de prevenção podem ter seu entendimento diferenciado nos níveis hierárquicos da empresa. Esta pesquisa visou investigar a percepção da segurança do trabalho na área operacional, além de comparar essas informações em níveis hierárquicos diferentes de uma empresa. A metodologia utilizada contemplou a análise de fontes bibliográficas e um roteiro de entrevistas com 111 pessoas, entre lideranças e operadores do complexo portuário de uma mineradora de grande porte sediada no Rio de Janeiro. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado para levantamento da percepção dos empregados foi um questionário, com base em uma escala de concordância e onde foram realizadas comparações nas proporções das respostas. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para algumas diferenças significativas de percepção entre lideranças e operadores, bem como apontam percepções variadas em questões distintas. O diagnóstico a partir desses resultados traz informações relevantes para formulação e reformulação das políticas de segurança da empresa. / Companies have increasingly invested in safety, in order to reduce accidents. Investment in security is very important, but the sets of information on prevention measures may have distinctive understanding according to hierarchical levels of the company. This research aimed to investigate the perception of security in the operational area, and compare this information at different hierarchical levels of a company. The methodology included the analysis of literature sources and a script of interviews with 111 people, including leaders and operators of the port complex of a large mining company based in Rio de Janeiro. The data collection instrument used to survey the perception of the employees was a questionnaire, based on an agreement scale and where comparisons were made in the proportions of responses. These results point to some significant differences in perception between leaders and operators as well as point varying perceptions on different issues. The diagnosis from these results presents relevant information for the formulation and reformulation of the company's security policies.

In Multi-Skill Project Scheduling Problem (MSPSP) with hierarchical levels of skills, there are more than one skill type and for each skill type there are levels corresponding to proficiencies in that skill. The purpose of the problem is to minimize or maximize an objective by assigning resources with different kinds of skills and skill levels to the project activities according to the activity requirements while satisfying the other problem dependent constraints. Although single-objective case of the problem has been studied by a few researchers, biobjective case has not been studied yet. In this study, two objectives, which are the makespan and the total skill wasted, are taken into account and while trying to minimize the makespan, minimizing the total skills wasted is aimed. By the second objective, overqualification for the jobs is tried to be minimized in order to prevent job dissatisfaction. The biobjective problem is solved using a Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm, NSGA-II. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the GAMS results for small-sized problems and with the random search for larger problem sizes.