Fallolyckor är ett stort patientsäkerhets- och samhällsekonomiskt problem. I Sverigedrabbas varje år cirka 18 000 personer av höftfraktur som leder till lidande för patientenoch stora kostnader för samhället. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskrivautfallet av att använda höftskydd som prevention. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt där tolv vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde underlaget för resultatet.Resultatet som redovisas i tre kategorier är: effekter av höftskydd, följsamhet till att bära höftskydd och upplevelser av höftskydd. Risken för höftfraktur minskas vid fall om höftskydd används. Följsamheten till att använda höftskydd minskar över tid. Resultatetvisar även att både personal och patienter är överens om att en stor anledning till varförinte höftskydd används är att de anses vara obekväma. Sjuksköterskor bör genomutbildning få en ökad medvetenhet om höftskyddens effekt för att därmed kunna minskaantalet höftfrakturer. Forskning inom området för att öka följsamheten och görahöftskydden bekvämare är önskvärt för att kunna minska antalet höftfrakturer, ochdärigenom reducera lidandet och minska stora samhällskostnader för vård ochrehabilitering som en höftfraktur medför. / Falls is a major patient safety and socio- economic concern. In Sweden approximately 18 000 persons every year suffer a hip fracture which causes the person major suffering and cost forthe society. The aim of this literature study was to describe the outcome of using hipprotectors as prevention. A literature overview was carried out were twelve scientific articleswere the basis of the result. The result is presented in three categories: effect of hip protectors, compliance to the use of hip protectors and the experiences of hip protectors. The risk of contacting a hip fracture is reducing if the fall occurs when using hip protectors. Compliance to the use of hip protector decreases over time. The result showed that patient and staff both agreed that a large reason for not using hip protectors is that they are uncomfortable. Through education nurses need to increase their awareness about the effect of hip protectors and thereby decrease the amount of hip fractures. Further research to increase compliance and to make the hip protector more comfortable would be desirable to reduce the amount of hip fractures. This will not only reduce suffering for those who contract a hip fracture but also reduce society´s major cost for the care and rehabilitation of a hip fracture.

<p>Hip fractures are the most serious consequence of osteoporosis, and are one important cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Prophylactic treatment for hip fractures are now available. Early detection of individuals with increased risk for hip fractures is therefor of great interest. A subset of non-institutionalised patients with a first hip fracture (cases;n=l18) and controls (n=263), aged 65-85 years, underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the femoral neck, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the heel and phalanges and radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the phalanges. The entire cohort was followed for approximately four years or to death. In women, DXA of the proximal femur and QUS of the heel showed a high predictive value for an incident first hip fracture, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4-5.5) and 3.4 (95%CI 2.2-5.0) respectively. The association was even stronger in men, but only for DXA of the proximal femu,r with an adjusted OR of4.8 (95%CI 2.3-9.9). Bone densitometry at non-weight-bearing sites, QUS and RA of the phalanges did not discriminate female cases from controls, but proved capable of separating male cases from controls. The risk of death was higher in cases than in controls, with a multivariate rate ratio (RR) of 3.4 (95%CI 1.7-7.0). There was no significant association between bone density and mortality. </p><p>Nursing home residents underwent QUS of the heel and phalanges. Almost all of the female residents and 51% of the male residents were, if the WHO-criterion for osteoporosis was applied, osteoporotic as assessed by heel and finger QUS. The QUS values were approximately 1.5 SD lower than expected for age and gender. </p><p>In this randomised controlled intervention study we evaluated the effect of external hip protectors in nursing home residents; 302 residents were allocated to wear such protectors and 442 were controls. External hip protectors were found to be effective in preventing hip fractures in nursing home residents, with an adjusted relative risk for hip fracture of 0.33 (CI 0.11 - 1.00). </p>

Hip fractures are the most serious consequence of osteoporosis, and are one important cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Prophylactic treatment for hip fractures are now available. Early detection of individuals with increased risk for hip fractures is therefor of great interest. A subset of non-institutionalised patients with a first hip fracture (cases;n=l18) and controls (n=263), aged 65-85 years, underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the femoral neck, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the heel and phalanges and radiographic absorptiometry (RA) of the phalanges. The entire cohort was followed for approximately four years or to death. In women, DXA of the proximal femur and QUS of the heel showed a high predictive value for an incident first hip fracture, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.4-5.5) and 3.4 (95%CI 2.2-5.0) respectively. The association was even stronger in men, but only for DXA of the proximal femu,r with an adjusted OR of4.8 (95%CI 2.3-9.9). Bone densitometry at non-weight-bearing sites, QUS and RA of the phalanges did not discriminate female cases from controls, but proved capable of separating male cases from controls. The risk of death was higher in cases than in controls, with a multivariate rate ratio (RR) of 3.4 (95%CI 1.7-7.0). There was no significant association between bone density and mortality. Nursing home residents underwent QUS of the heel and phalanges. Almost all of the female residents and 51% of the male residents were, if the WHO-criterion for osteoporosis was applied, osteoporotic as assessed by heel and finger QUS. The QUS values were approximately 1.5 SD lower than expected for age and gender. In this randomised controlled intervention study we evaluated the effect of external hip protectors in nursing home residents; 302 residents were allocated to wear such protectors and 442 were controls. External hip protectors were found to be effective in preventing hip fractures in nursing home residents, with an adjusted relative risk for hip fracture of 0.33 (CI 0.11 - 1.00).