Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-09T18:21:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafael Sonoda C?rtes.pdf: 1476755 bytes, checksum: 8d385f19ac5f844e345d9c74ea4ca89f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T18:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rafael Sonoda C?rtes.pdf: 1476755 bytes, checksum: 8d385f19ac5f844e345d9c74ea4ca89f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / CAPES / Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most prevalent nowadays syndrome. Similarly impressive, depression has caused many damages to health and the global economy. Epidemiologically, these different clinical conditions have a bidirectional relationship. Several studies in rats, in recent years, associated the emergence of analog signals depression post pathophysiological IM changes, among which the activation of pro-inflammatory factors and the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal endocrine axis (HPA). The objective of this study was: to study, in different rat groups, a short-term protocol, four days and a long, twenty-five days, the above features, besides elucidating the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF ) and hippocampal neurogenesis in the onset of depression induced experimental IM by ki-67 protein, cell proliferation marker. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were subjected to IM through ligation of the left coronary artery and underwent preference for sucrose test and the open field test. They were measured: cardiac TNF-?, plasma and hypothalamic concentrations of TNF-? and IL-1?. In endocrine handle, plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone and hypothalamic levels of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). Finally, we measured plasma concentrations of BDNF to the association with the neurogenesis of the hippocampus, an important region in the pathophysiology of depression. In the long protocol, infarcted animals showed similar signs of depression compared to those operated fake animals. Concomitantly, showed elevated levels of TNF-? and IL-1?, CRH, ACTH and corticosterone plasma levels and reduced BDNF, suggesting decreased proliferation of granule cells in the hippocampus and hence the emergence of depression in response to MI. Although further studies are required, it is believed that this study has translational impact serving experimental basis for the development of more effective future pharmacologic strategies to better quality and life expectancy of patients with myocardial infarction. / O infarto do mioc?rdio (IM) ? a s?ndrome de maior preval?ncia nos dias atuais. Semelhantemente impactante, a depress?o tem causado diversos preju?zos ? sa?de e a economia mundial. Epidemiologicamente, essas diferentes condi??es cl?nicas possuem uma rela??o bidirecional. Diversos estudos em ratos, nos ?ltimos anos, associam o surgimento de sinais an?logos a depress?o a altera??es fisiopatol?gicas p?s IM, dentre as quais a ativa??o de fatores pr?-inflamat?rios e a hiperativa??o do eixo end?crino hipot?lamo-hip?fise-adrenal (HPA). O objetivo deste trabalho foi: estudar, em grupos distintos de ratos, num protocolo a curto prazo, de quatro dias e num longo, de vinte e cinco dias, as caracter?sticas supracitadas, al?m de elucidar a participa??o do fator neurotr?fico derivado do c?rebro (BDNF) e da neurog?nese hipocampal no surgimento da depress?o induzida por IM experimental, atrav?s da prote?na ki-67, marcador de prolifera??o celular. Para tanto, ratos Wistar machos (200-250g) foram submetidos ao IM atrav?s da ligadura da art?ria coron?ria esquerda e submetidos ao teste de prefer?ncia pela sacarose, teste do nado for?ado e ao teste do campo aberto. Foram mensurados: os n?veis card?acos de TNF-? e as concentra??es plasm?ticas e hipotal?micas de TNF-? e IL-1?. Na al?a end?crina, as concentra??es plasm?ticas de horm?nio adrenocorticotr?fico (ACTH) e de corticosterona e os n?veis hipotal?micos de horm?nio liberador de corticotrofina (CRH). Por fim, foi mensurada as concentra??es plasm?ticas de BDNF para a associa??o com a neurog?nese do hipocampo, regi?o importante na fisiopatologia da depress?o. No protocolo longo, os animais infartados apresentaram sinais an?logos a depress?o em compara??o aos animais falso operados. Concomitantemente, apresentaram n?veis elevados de TNF-? e IL-1?, de CRH, ACTH e corticosterona e concentra??es plasm?ticas diminu?das de BDNF, sugerindo diminui??o da prolifera??o de c?lulas granulares no hipocampo e, consequentemente, o surgimento da depress?o em resposta ao IM. Embora sejam necess?rios mais estudos, acredita-se que este trabalho tenha impacto translacional, servindo de base experimental para o desenvolvimento de futuras estrat?gias farmacol?gicas mais eficazes para melhor qualidade e expectativa de vida de pacientes com infarto do mioc?rdio. Palavras chave: Infarto, citocinas, depress?o

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-15T17:45:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraCarlaDaSilvaAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1885448 bytes, checksum: b4a8226a4f1778e4f626da3394657f9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-29T20:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraCarlaDaSilvaAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1885448 bytes, checksum: b4a8226a4f1778e4f626da3394657f9a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-29T20:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SinaraCarlaDaSilvaAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1885448 bytes, checksum: b4a8226a4f1778e4f626da3394657f9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Os microrganismos apresentam uma imensa diversidade gen?tica e est?o presentes em toda biosfera, no entanto cerca de 1% das esp?cies pode ser cultivada por t?cnicas laboratoriais padr?o. A metagen?mica tornou poss?vel o acesso direto ao genoma microbiano derivado de amostras ambientais, utilizando t?cnicas independentes de cultivo. A metodologia permite obter informa??o funcional de prote?nas, assim como a identifica??o de potenciais produtos com interesse biotecnol?gico e de novos recursos biol?gicos industrialmente explor?veis, a exemplo novas solu??es para impactos ambientais. ?reas contaminadas com petr?leo s?o caracterizadas por um grande ac?mulo de hidrocarbonetos e surfactantes s?o utilizados para sua biorremedia??o. Sendo assim, a abordagem metagen?nima foi utilizada para selecionar genes envolvidos no processo de degrada??o e biossurfacta??o de hidrocarbonetos. Em um trabalho anterior, o DNA ambiental (eDNA) foi extra?do de amostras de solo coletadas em duas diferentes ?reas (Caatinga e rio salino) do Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil), as bibliotecas metagen?micas foram constru?das e analisadas funcionalmente. Os clones capazes de degradar o ?leo foram avaliados quanto ? capacidade de sintetizar biossurfactante. O clone foi sequenciado e an?lise da sequencia revelou uma ORF com 897 pb, 298 amino?cidos e prote?na de peso molecular pr?ximo a 34 kDa. A busca por homologia no GenBank revelou similaridade com a sequ?ncia que codifica uma prote?na hipot?tica de representantes da fam?lia Halobacteriaceae, que foram mostradas recentemente como produtoras de biossurfactantes. A presen?a da sequ?ncia codificante inserida e do fen?tipo adquirido foram confirmadas. Primers foram desenhados e suas ORFs amplificadas por PCR. Em seguida, foram subclonadas em vetor de express?o pETDuet-1, contendo uma cauda de histidina, para express?o e posterior purifica??o da prote?na de interesse. Os testes foram realizados para confirma??o da atividade de biossurfactante e degrada??o de hidrocarbonetos e apresentaram resultados positivos. O ensaio de imunodetec??o (western blot) com a utiliza??o do anticorpo monoclonal Anti-His? confirmou a presen?a da prote?na ambiental. Esse estudo foi o primeiro a relatar uma poss?vel prote?na com atividade biossurfactante obtida a partir de uma abordagem metagen?mica. / The microorganisms have a vast genetic diversity and they are present throughout the biosphere, however, only about 1% of the species can be cultivated by traditional cultivation techniques. Within this diversity there is a huge pool genetic and biological being explored. The metagenomics has enabled direct access to microbial genome derived from environmental samples using independent methods of cultivation. The methodology enables to obtain functional information about the proteins, as well as identify potential products with biotechnological interest and new industrially exploitable biological resources, such as new solutions to environmental impacts. Oil-contaminated areas are characterized by a large accumulation of hydrocarbons and surfactants may be used for bioremediation. Thus, the metagenomic approach was used in this study in order to select genes involved in the degradation and hydrocarbon emulsification. In a previous work, the environmental DNA (eDNA) was extracted from soil samples collected from two different areas (Caatinga and Saline River) of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), the metagenomic libraries were constructed and functionally analyzed. The clone able to degrade the oil was evaluated for the ability to synthesize biosurfactants. The sequence analysis revealed an ORF with 897 bp, 298 amino acids and a protein with around 34 kDa. The search for homology in GenBank revealed sequence similarity with a hypothetical protein of representatives Halobacteriaceae family, who were recently shown as strains producing biosurfactants. The presence of the inserted coding sequence and the acquired phenotype was confirmed. Primers were designed and the ORF amplified by PCR. The ORF was subcloned into pETDuet-1 expression vector for subsequent purification of the protein of interest containing a histidine tail. The tests performed to confirm the biosurfactant activity and the ability of hydrocarbon degradation showed positive results. The immunodetection test (western blot) using the monoclonal AntiHis? confirmed the presence of the environmental protein. This study was the first to report a possible protein with biosurfactant activity obtained from a metagenomic approach

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLBP_DISSERT.pdf: 2864599 bytes, checksum: a13a1f03e8e2475e1d935276b5b40c0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-11 / The hypothalamus is a diencephalic portion located around the third ventricle below the hypothalamic sulcus, limited by the optic chiasm, and by the mammillary bodies, acting as a center that integrates behavioral and homeostatic functions. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter produced in limited sites in the midbrain and brain stem, but is distributed throughout the central nervous system and has many functions, acting through specific receptors that are also distributed throughout the nervous system. Using immunohistochemical techniques, the aim of this study was to delineate the hypothalamic nuclei of the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and study the distribution of serotonin transporter and serotonin receptors in the hypothalamus of this species. We used the Nissl method to determine the cytoarchitecture of the hypothalamic nuclei, and immunohistochemistry to reveal the presence of NeuN as a method to determine the contours of the hypothalamic nuclei. As a result, we found serotonin containing fibers and terminals throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hypothalamus, more concentrated in some nuclei, and even absent in some. Like serotonin, serotonin transporter was observed between pre-optic area and tuberal region of the hypothalamus, in densities and distribution similar to serotonin. The 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors were found with minor differences among itselves regarding the disposition and intensity of staining. / O hipot?lamo ? uma por??o diencef?lica localizada ao redor do terceiro ventr?culo, abaixo do sulco hipotal?mico, ventralmente vemos seu limite anterior feito pelo quiasma ?ptico e posterior pelos corpos mamilares. Atuando como centro que integra fun??es homeost?ticas e comportamentais. A serotonina ? um neurotransmissor produzido em s?tios restritos ao mesenc?falo e tronco encef?lico, mas que ? distribu?do por todo o sistema nervoso central e tem in?meras fun??es, atuando atrav?s de receptores espec?ficos que tamb?m est?o distribu?dos por todo o sistema nervoso. Utilizando t?cnicas imunoistoqu?micas o objetivo desse trabalho foi delimitar os n?cleos hipotal?micos do sagui (Callithrix jacchus), bem como estudar a distribui??o de serotonina, transportador e receptores de serotonina no hipot?lamo dessa esp?cie. Utilizamos o m?todo de nissl para determinar a citoarquitetura dos n?cleos hipotal?micos, e a imunoistoqu?mica para revelar a presen?a de NeuN como m?todo auxiliar para determinar os contornos dos n?cleos hipotal?micos. Como resultados, encontramos fibras e terminais contendo serotonina por toda a extens?o rostro-caudal do hipot?lamo, sendo mais concentrados em alguns n?cleos, e at? mesmo ausente em alguns; assim como a serotonina, o transportador de serotonina foi observado entre a ?rea pr? ?ptica e a regi?o tuberal do hipot?lamo, com densidades e distribui??o semelhantes ?s da serotonina. Os receptores 5-HT1A e 5-HT1B foram encontrados com diferen?as m?nimas, entre si, quanto a disposi??o e intensidade de marca??o.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T20:44:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FladjanyEmanuellyFaustinoDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1465669 bytes, checksum: 76f9e44b1ed2cc1d2970fdd63a651050 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-16T23:07:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FladjanyEmanuellyFaustinoDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1465669 bytes, checksum: 76f9e44b1ed2cc1d2970fdd63a651050 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T23:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FladjanyEmanuellyFaustinoDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1465669 bytes, checksum: 76f9e44b1ed2cc1d2970fdd63a651050 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / O medo e a ansiedade s?o emo??es adaptativas caracterizadas por um conjunto de altera??es fisiol?gicas e comportamentais que ocorrem quando os indiv?duos se sentem amea?ados fisicamente e/ou psicologicamente. Apesar dos comportamentos de medo e ansiedade serem caracter?sticos, estudo das ?ltimas duas d?cadas t?m mostrado que diferentes fontes de medo podem ativar diferentes vias neurais e que h? diferen?as entre medo condicionado (aprendido) e medo incondicionado (inato). As vias do medo condicionado envolvem o c?rtex frontal medial e os n?cleos central e basolateral da am?gdala, enquanto o medo de predador (inato) envolve o n?cleo medial da am?gdala e n?cleos da zona medial do hipot?lamo. Sabe-se que as fun??es encef?licas s?o coordenadas por sistemas de neurotransmissores e seus receptores que s?o expressos nas mais diversas regi?es do sistema nervoso, exercendo diferentes fun??es. O Neuropept?deo S (NPS) ? um neurotransmissor cujo estudos em roedores mostra sua import?ncia como regulador de ansiedade e vig?lia, reduzindo a ansiedade, aumentando a vig?lia e o comportamento locomotor, sendo ent?o um ansiol?tico e estimulante, o que o torna um potencial alvo para estudos farmacol?gicos e cl?nicos. Neste trabalho realizamos a inje??o intracerebroventricular (icv) de NPS em camundongos e mapeamento da express?o de Fos (prote?na indicadora de atividade celular) em n?cleos envolvidos nas vias de medo condicionado e incondicionado. A an?lise dos nossos resultados mostraram que a administra??o icv de NPS promoveu uma express?o de Fos diferenciada nos n?cleos central e basolateral da am?gdala, indicando um papel no medo condicionado. / Fear and anxiety are emotions featured by a group of physiological and behavioral changes that occur when subjects feel threatened physically and/or psychologically. For the last two decades many studies have showed that different sources of fear are able to activate different neural pathways, where conditioned (learned) and unconditioned (innate) fear run over different trails. The conditioned fear involves the frontal medial cortex and the central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala, when the fear of predator (unconditioned) involves nuclei of the medial hypothalamus. It is known that the brain functions are coordinated by neurotransmitter's systems and its receptors that are expressed in many different places around the brain, having different functions. The Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neurotransmitter whose studies have showed its important role as an anxiety and awake regulator. NPS decreases anxiety and increases awakeness and locomotor behavior, been thus an anxiolytic and stimulating neurotransmitter, what makes it a potential target for pharmacological and clinical studies. In the present work we injected NPS icv in mice and looked for the Fos-expressing neurons in the nuclei of the conditioned and unconditioned pathways. The analysis of our results showed that the icv NPS promoted the increase in Fos expression in the central and basolateral amygdala, what indicates its role in the conditioned fear.

Detta examensarbete utfördes vid Bodens Energi Nät AB under våren 2017 och behandlar mätmetoder och olika tester som kan utföras på markförlagd kabel för kontroll av tillståndet på exempelvis isolation, mantel och skarvar. Bakgrunden till arbetet är att man inom Bodens Energi Nät har ett flertal kilometer kabel på mellanspänningsnivå 20 kV. En stor del av kablarna är isolerade med tvärbunden polyeten, PEX och härstammar från 1970 och 1980-talet. Dessa kablar har i efterhand visat sig ha problem med vattenträd, vilket kan beskrivas som trädliknande strukturer som uppstår i en kabels isolation på grund av fukt och orenheter när dessa blir utsatta för kraftigare elektriska fält. Problem med vattenträd i kablar leder efter en tid, ofrånkomligen till genomslag i isolationen med påföljande jordfel.  Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka och kartlägga olika tillståndsbedömningsmetoder för kraftkabel avsedd för 12/24 kV-nät. Rapporten avser att vara en metodbeskrivning för de vanligaste diagnostiska mätmetoder samt redogör för dess för- och nackdelar. Följande frågeställningar ämnas besvaras: Vilka metoder finns tillgängliga för tillståndsbedömning av mellanspänningskabel och vilka egenskaper är mätbara? Vad har respektive mätmetod för svagheter och styrkor samt vilka begränsningar finns det? Finns det möjlighet att utföra mätningar på en kabel i drift eller måste den tilltänkta kabelsträckan frånskiljas den övriga anläggningen?Om mätningar kan utföras på en kabel i drift, vilka metoder gäller detta? Rapporten bygger till största del på en litteraturstudie där mycket av informationen är hämtad ifrån standarder, handböcker och guider. Rapporten behandlar dels allmän information om kraftkablar samt PEX-kabelns konstruktion vilket bör kännas till för att kunna tillgodogöra sig informationen på bästa sätt. Vidare avhandlas åldringsmekanismer för PEX-isolerad kabel. Metoderna som presenteras i rapporten omfattar bland annat; mantelprovning, hållprov med olika typer av spänning, mätning av den dielektriska förlustfaktorn tan delta samt mätning av partiella urladdningar, PD. I kapitel 5 presenteras mätresultat från ett antal olika tan delta-mätningar samt en mätning av partiella urladdningar, vidare ges en kortare förklaring till mätresultaten. Vid mätning av de dielektriska förlusterna fås information om isolationens totala skick. Mätning av partiella urladdningar (även kallat glimning) ger information om var eventuella ojämnheter och håligheter finns. Det är dock viktigt att komma ihåg att de metoder som finns måste anpassas till den kabel som avses mätas eftersom det inte går att identifiera alla typer av defekter och fel med hjälp av endast en metod. Metoderna bör användas som diagnostiska hjälpmedel som i sin tur ger fingervisningar om kabelanläggningens totala tillstånd. De är därmed inte att betrakta som en definitiv bekräftelse avseende funktionsdugligheten för kabeln. / The work in this bachelor’s thesis was conducted at Bodens Energi Nät AB during the spring of 2017. The report describes common methods available for testing and diagnostic measurements of electric power cables. Bodens Energi Nät manages a medium voltage power grid which consists of around 700 kilometers of power lines and about 200 kilometers of cables. A large part of these cables have an insulating layer consisting of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and originates from the 1970s and the 1980s. These particular XLPE cables have a higher than normal tendency to develop problems with water trees. Water trees can be described as tree-shaped structures forming inside the insulating layer of the cable in the presence of an electrical field and water. Issues with water trees leads to local degradation of the dielectric material in the cable and usually ends with a phase-to-ground fault. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and describe different methods for diagnostic measurements of medium voltage cables. Through the use of a literature study the following questions will be answered: Which methods are available for diagnostic measurements and what properties can be measured? What are the strengths and weaknesses for each of these methods? Can measurements be performed on cables on-line or is it required to disconnect the cables from the grid before any measurements can be performed?In the case of on-line testing, which methods does this apply to?  The overall disposition of this thesis starts with a general description of power cables including XLPE cables, as well as aging mechanisms in extruded cables. Subsequent chapters describes testing methods such as cable sheath testing, hipot testing using different types of voltages, measurements of the dielectric dissipation factor tan , as well as partial discharge testing.  Chapter 5 discloses the results from some different tan  measurements including a partial discharge measurement. A short description and explanation is included with every figure.  Measuring the dielectric dissipation factor yields information about the total condition of the insulation. Partial discharge offers information regarding the location of irregularities, cavities and impurities within the insulation. It is important to have in mind that each of these methods on its own will not be able to identify all types of defects. Therefore it may be required to carry out several measurements using different types of methods in order to get a general idea of the condition of the cable. Methods for cable diagnostic measurements should be seen as a tool to get an estimate about the total condition of a power cable and is not considered a fail safe way to determine the operational ability.