Dwight Eisenhower once warned of an insidious collusion between industry and government that threatened to become master of United States domestic and foreign policy. His warning came too late, of course, for the threat had already become reality before he spoke. But there were and are positive elements to the merger of interests, and one of them was the infusion of civilian small craft expertise into the arena of national defense. This dissertation is an overview of the evolution of small combatant craft in the United States Navy and demonstrates that the most successful of these boats have consistently come from the civilian sector. The history of this intercourse is traced from its origins in the American Revolution through its ultimate incarnation of the motor torpedo boat of World War Two. Experience in Vietnam and ongoing counter-terror and drug interception operations worldwide, demonstrates conclusively that rugged, efficient boats for security, patrol, and combat are still an essential factor in law enforcement, homeland defense, and power projection, and the services have come to rely increasingly upon the domestic small craft industry to supply them. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2009. / Date of Defense: October 5, 2009. / World War, Torpedo, Torpedo Boat / Includes bibliographical references. / James P. Jones, Professor Directing Dissertation; Jeffrey Chanton, University Representative; Michael C. Creswell, Committee Member; Jonathan Grant, Committee Member; Peter Garretson, Committee Member.

Baptist missions in the British Empire must be understood in the context of the Dissenting tradition in England, including Baptist history, theology, epistemology, radical politics, and class considerations. The Baptist missions at Serampore, in British Bengal, from 1794 to 1837, and in Jamaica from C. 1824 to 1850 provide ideal case studies through which to examine missionary identity formation, as well as the impact of missions on the Empire. British Baptist missionaries, already marginalized in England as Dissenters and artisan-class men, faced powerful challenges to their individual identities and loyalties in the mission field. In both India and Jamaica, white missionaries tended to identify more with non-white converts than with their fellow colonials. This shift led the Baptists studied here to ground their identities and loyalties in their mission and in their churches, rather than in the British Empire. Baptist missionaries thus viewed themselves primarily as Christians and Dissenters, not as English and white, and placed allegiance to their churches before English nationalism. The white missionaries who began the missions at Serampore and in Jamaica ultimately entrusted the future of their work to non-white converts. In both cases, the goal of evangelization was an independent church led by indigenous Christians. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007. / Date of Defense: March 22, 2007. / Missionaries, Baptist, Bengal, Serampore, Jamaica, British Empire / Includes bibliographical references. / Charles J. Upchurch, Professor Directing Thesis; Bawa S. Singh, Committee Member; Darrin M. McMahon, Committee Member.

Three regional aquariums, Waikiki Aquarium, Clearwater Aquarium, and the Mote Marine Laboratory, provide the case-studies for this analysis into the history of aquariums. The history of these institutes provided historical trends into their educational, entertainment, research, and rehabilitation efforts. This in turn helped prove their influence upon the surrounding society. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2007. / Date of Defense: April 12, 2007. / Aquarium, Waikiki, Clearwater, Mote / Includes bibliographical references. / Frederick R. Davis, Professor Directing Thesis; Jennifer Koslow, Committee Member; Janie L. Wulff, Committee Member.

As a new nation, the United States lacked the long naval traditions of the other powers of the time, particularly Great Britain. When Congress created a naval force in 1794, the country had to rely on its first officers to form the traditions of the service and lay the foundations of the American Navy. These first officers bequeathed to their country the naval force that would eventually challenge the mighty Royal Navy in the War of 1812. However, officers alone were not responsible for the maturation of the Navy. Civilian officials, notably the Secretary of the Navy, also played a major role in the development of an American maritime force. These two components did not always interact harmoniously. Captains, used to the total autonomy that command at sea in an era of starkly limited communication created, often had difficulty subordinating themselves to their civilian superiors. During the first three decades of the Navy's existence, successive Secretaries of the Navy would gradually increase their authority over their officers, establishing the traditions of civilian control over the military that had long been a part of land warfare. This thesis explores the process whereby the question of ultimate authority over the Navy was settled, beginning with the creation of the navy and culminating in the creation of the Board of Naval Commissioners following the War of 1812. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of Master of Arts. / Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2010. / Date of Defense: March 23, 2010. / Officer Corps, Quasi War, Barbary Wars, War of 1812, American Navy, Civil-Military Relations / Includes bibliographical references. / Sally Hadden, Professor Directing Thesis; Michael Creswell, Committee Member; James Jones, Committee Member.

Glorious, creative, contentious and optimistic are all words that have been used to describe England in the second half of the Sixteenth-century. The Tudor age was one of great literature, military victory, religious tension, and, it was the age of queens. However, beneath the atmosphere of optimism that surrounded Mary I's, and then Elizabeth I's, ascension to the English throne lay a controversy that dug to the core of a man's beliefs about society, challenged the foundations of traditional political thought, and forced men to decide what loyalty truly was. With Edward VI's death in 1553, for the first time since the twelfth-century, there were no male heirs to the English throne. Not only was the immediate heir to the throne of England female, but all of the possible legal contenders for the thrones of England and Scotland were female as well. Mary's succession fostered a debate among men as to whether a woman was not only legally allowed to rule England, but if she was spiritually and physically capable of doing so. Pamphlets and books discussing female rule were published throughout Mary's reign, and with Elizabeth's succession in 1558, the debate continued. This thesis seeks to discuss the Sixteenth century gynecocracy debate and Lord Henry Howard's unpublished defense of female rule, "The Dutifull Defence of the Lawfull Regiment of Weomen," which was presented to Queen Elizabeth in 1590. Howard's beliefs and interpretation of Scripture, Philosophy and Law differ in many respects from contemporary authors who were writing both against, and in favor of women in general and female monarchy. Howard's theories presented in "Dutifull Defence" will be compared to other contemporary works written on the subject, especially John Knox's First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women. After discussing Howard's life and motives for writing "Dutifull Defense," an analysis of his manuscript will be made by looking at the physical manuscripts themselves, comparing Howard's use of theology, philosophy and law to other contemporary writers, and revealing what Howard believed about women in an age when they were still seen as physically inferior, and mentally incapable, of administering any form of government. In order to achieve a thorough view of Howard, I have consulted his personal letters, letters from Howard's contemporaries, documents concerning Howard in the State Papers, and secondary sources discussing Howard, his life, and his written work. Additionally, works on early modern political thought, ancient and medieval philosophy and law, women and gender in the early modern period, and early modern English history have been consulted to provide contextual and content analysis. Combined, they will provide a view of a man who was remarkable in his time, and a work that was groundbreaking in his world. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2005. / Date of Defense: August 12, 2004. / Elizabeth I, Gynecocracy, Henry Howard / Includes bibliographical references. / Paul Strait, Professor Directing Thesis; Jonathan Grant, Committee Member; Bawa Satinder Singh, Committee Member.

In American History Reconstruction was a period of great change. The abolition of slavery forced the South to create a free labor system. How did this new focus affect African-Americans? Were they to become equal participants in a free labor society or once again a subordinate labor class? Historians have argued about the ambiguities of racial oppression. Many concluded that the main fear was social equality; whites refused to accept blacks as anything other than second class. This was not entirely incorrect, but what else was at stake? If blacks were denied opportunities to advance in society what was left for them? By being denied certain avenues African-Americans were forced into a position of subservient labor for white employers. During the years of Presidential Reconstruction, 1865 – 1867, black suffrage was vigorously opposed by a majority of Southern whites. Even with the passage of the fifteenth amendment whites used intimidation to curb black voting. Lack of capital and fear of retribution also made it difficult to buy land and become economically independent. These issues along with social segregation created a second class black community that had few alternatives, but to work for whites as they had done in the past. This indeed is not the complete answer to the race relations question, but it does show that denial of rights, whether by law or violence, and lack of economic independence can create an environment that will promote a subordinate labor class. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Degree Awarded: Spring Semester 2005. / Date of Defense: November 17, 2004. / Race Relations, Labor, Reconstruction / Includes bibliographical references. / Joe M. Richardson, Professor Directing Thesis; Maxine D. Jones, Committee Member; Peter Garretson, Committee Member.

This thesis presents a social and cultural history of the Koreshan Unity from its official beginnings in the 1880s to its decline in 1908. Founded by eclectic medical doctor Cyrus R. Teed, the Koreshan Unity emerged as yet another utopian experiment during the late-nineteenth century. While many utopian communities have been established in the United States since the colonial period, the Koreshans were a community unique in ideology and social practices. Founded on ancient Christian beliefs, science, and communal standards, the Koreshan Unity has become known throughout the American utopian historical narrative as the utopian community that believed humanity lived inside the earth. While Koreshan beliefs are important in recording the community's history, a more personal history has often been left out of the scholarship on this topic. This thesis seeks to investigate the human side of the Koreshan Unity by tracing the life of Cyrus Teed and providing a glimpse into the everyday lives of the Koreshan members in their settlement in Estero, Florida. Utilizing the Koreshan Unity papers located at the State Archives of Florida, this material culture represents how the Koreshan members tried to realize Teed's and their utopian dream. While the Koreshan Unity began its decline after Teed's death in 1908, its members still portrayed their utopian experiment as a success because they found a haven in the religious and communal opportunities the community supported. Currently, this view of the Koreshan Unity is being preserved at the Koreshan State Historic Site (KSHS), located on the once Koreshan settlement grounds. While scholars who have contributed to the American utopian historical narrative have defined "success" based on numbers and general cultural trends, this thesis proves that only the participants in the movement can truly define what success really means. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2010. / Date of Defense: March 22, 2010. / Cyrus Teed, Koreshan State Historic Site, Utopian Communities, Koreshanity, Cellular Cosmogony / Includes bibliographical references. / Jennifer Koslow, Professor Directing Thesis; Andrew Frank, Committee Member; Molly Oshatz, Committee Member.

The Romanian media has progressed in only a decade and a half since the fall of Communism. Reporters discuss themes about political reform, the elections, corruption, and even political protest. They critically analyze stories asking the basic questions while frequently providing follow-up. The press has liberalized, reflecting pluralistic domestic and international information sources as opposed to the State-controlled media before 1990. The media, along with free elections, transparency of law and government, and a civil society, are important benchmarks for a society that strives to compare favorably with the West, and for that reason deserves examination. Serious problems exist however. A weak economy makes the media susceptible to government manipulation. Legal challenges by the government and businessmen against journalists as defendants, impose hefty fines over libel and slander challenges. Control of state broadcast media by ex-Communist ruling Social Democrats prevents the mass media from contributing to the public dialogue. Social attitudes developed in the twentieth century, negatively shape the reporting of national minority groups which are substantial in Romania and the Balkans. Finally, an authoritarian tradition based on imperial, fascist, and communist rule, has manifested itself in violence towards journalists. The dissertation examines the media within the Communist tradition from 1945-1989 and followed with a survey of the post-Communist media. A brief history of the national minorities question provides perspective on present day attitudes in the media towards these groups. A survey of NGO's and other institutions examined progress towards a civil society. In the international context, a comparison of the situation in Romania with countries in Eastern Europe and Latin America revealed similar problems. The media has diversified greatly considering the short time frame of this study in post-Communist Romania. Election choices, international structures and non-governmental agencies will continue to influence and change the political and media culture while a weak economy and authoritarian mentality in the government and legal system offer challenges to a developing free press and young democracy in Romania. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2004. / Date of Defense: March 31, 2004. / Romania, Eastern Europe, Transition, Press, Media / Includes bibliographical references. / Jonathon Grant, Professor Directing Dissertation; Patrick O'Sullivan, Committee Member; Nathan Stoltzfus, Committee Member; Michael Creswell, Committee Member; Matt Childs, Committee Member.

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the complex and multidimensional relationship of women to the idea of nations and nationalism. In particular, it seeks answers to the following questions: What did nationalism mean to women? How did they imagine the nation? How did they respond to the gendered nationalist discourses? How did they exercise their agency as social actors in the nation building project? With an inquiry of such questions, this study challenges the perception of the “woman question” as “a struggle in which male protagonists engaged each other while women remained surprisingly passive onlookers.” This study rather explores the dialectical relationship between woman-as-objects, who have been discussed and portrayed as a static, homogenous form within nationalist discourses, and woman-as-subjects who actively participated in constructing and/or contesting nationalist discourses while tracing the continuities and discontinues in nationalist discourse. In other words, this study lets female intellectuals speak in their own terms and in their historical contexts. In order to do so, this study concentrates on two pioneer female intellectuals who were actively involved in constructing national identity in the late Ottoman Empire and the early Turkish Republic: Halide Edib [Adıvar] (1884-1964), a novelist, an activist, and an ardent nationalist who also took part in the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923), and Ayşe Afet [İnan] (1908-1985), one of the adopted daughters of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first female historian of the Turkish Republic, and the ideologue of Kemalist master narrative. / A Dissertation submitted to the Program in Interdisciplinary Humanities in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Fall Semester 2017. / November 16, 2017. / Includes bibliographical references. / Peter Garretson, Professor Directing Dissertation; David F. Johnson, University Representative; Will Hanley, Committee Member; François Dupuigrenet, Committee Member.

黃美施. / 手稿本, 複本據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學, 1989. / Shou gao ben, fu ben ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (554-582 leaves). / Huang Meishi. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1989. / 前言 --- p.1-10 / 註釋 --- p.11-12 / Chapter 第一章 --- 第二次鴉片戰爭的背景 / Chapter 第一節 --- 五口通商時期的中英關係 --- p.13-35 / Chapter 第二節 --- 英、法、美三國的修約活動 --- p.36-57 / Chapter 第三節 --- 西林教案與亞羅船事件 --- p.58-58 / 註釋 --- p.59-103 / Chapter 第二章 --- 英法聯軍與清廷在北省地區的和戰動態 / Chapter 第一節 --- 英法聯軍北上及津沽的談判 --- p.104-136 / Chapter 第二節 --- 英、法換約及其在大沽口之敗 --- p.137-156 / Chapter 第三節 --- 英法聯軍進軍北京及在北京的和議 --- p.157-189 / 註釋 --- p.190-256 / Chapter 第三章 --- 清廷對英法聯軍入侵的和戰態度 / Chapter 第一節 --- 咸豐的和戰態度 --- p.257-293 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清廷的主戰「派」與主和「派」 --- p.294-335 / 註釋 --- p.336-397 / Chapter 第四章 --- 北省地區官民對英法聯軍壓境的因應 / Chapter 第一節 --- 天津官民的因應 --- p.398-421 / Chapter 第二節 --- 北京官民的因應 --- p.422-440 / Chapter 第三節 --- 英法聯軍在北省地區的滋擾情況 --- p.441-469 / 註釋 --- p.470-504 / 結語 --- p.505-511 / Chapter 附錄 --- 英法聯軍對圓明園之焚劫 --- p.512-542 / 註釋 --- p.543-548 / Chapter 附圖一 --- 京津及廣州地區形勢圖 --- p.549 / Chapter 附圖二 --- 親王僧格林之天津水陸防守地輿形勢總圖 --- p.550 / Chapter 附圖三 --- 天津城鄉圖 --- p.551 / Chapter 附圖四 --- 北京內外城略圖 --- p.552 / Chapter 附圖五 --- 圓明長春萬春三園總圖 --- p.553 / 參考資料 --- p.554-583