The American Presbyterian Church of Montreal which was established in the winter of 1822-23 was founded during a significant period of the city’s history. The conditions which made this period significant did not cause its establishment, but serve as a background for its foundation and later development. Although originally founded as a missionary post in 1642, Montreal’s position at the head of ocean navigation and at the foot of the Great Lake a Basin had made it a major center of the fur trade. At the end of the French Regime, Montreal was only just emerging from the rough and ready conditions that characterized frontier towns.

Despite the fact that essentially the problem of the Straits was one of Russo-Turkish conflict, it remains meaningless, for the most part, unless the policies of the two European powers, whose interests in that sphere were so deepseated, are carefully analyzed. In this study of the Straits policies of France and Great Britain, between 1902 and 1923; we shall quickly realize that their interests are deeply concerned both with Russian ambitions in that area, and with the Turkish attempts to curb those ambitions.

Religion has always played an important role in the life of the average Canadian community. This thesis is presented in the hope that something of the significance of one of the Churches may be seen in those districts that made up the Presbytery of Quebec of the Presbyterian Church in Canada for the years 1875-1925. It is a study not only in religious but also in social history, an attempt to see the life of the community as mirrored in one of the denominations. [...]

The main features of Scottish history during the eighteenth century consist of the economic revival followed by social changes which in turn precipitated the political awakening of the mass of the people. Prior to the Union and even well into the eighteenth century Scotland remained very poor. This state of poverty to a lesser or greater degree was common to all. If the farmer, the artisan, cottagers and labourers suffered poverty the gentry experienced acute and chronic lack of money. In this predominantly agricultural country both the lowly and the high-born concentrated most of their energies to eke out from the land as best an existence as possible.

A survey ofthe phenomenon surrounding Daniel Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners. Goldhagen describes how "ordinary German" perpetrators, allegedly motivated primarily by a specifically German form of "eliminationist antisemitism," were responsible for the Holocaust. The book's contribution to the field of study has come not from its questionable scholarly merits, but from its ability to strike a resonating chord among public readership. Offering moralistic judgements, it has sought less to explain than to warn; in this sense it is more a work ofEthics than ofHistory. An examination is offered of the arguments ofthe book, the course ofthe controversy surrounding it, and its impact on the historiography of modern Germany, including the role of professional historians in society. / Une étude du phénomène entourant Hitler 's Willing Executioners de Daniel Goldhagen. Goldhagen soutient que les Allemands ordinaires ("ordinary Germans "), qui ont participé aux atrocités nazies, motivés principalement par un concept spécifiquement allemend de "eliminationist antisemitism, " sont responsables de l'Holocaust. La contribution de ce livre au champ d'études ne vient pas de ses mérites d'érudition discutables, mais plutôt de son habilité à faire vibrer une corde sensible chez le lecteur. Présentant un jugement moral, il cherche moins à expliquer qu'à mettre en garde; dans cesens, ce livre relève plus du domaine de l'Éthique que de celui de l'Histoire. Une analyse des arguments du livre est présentée, suivi d'une rétrospective de la controverse qui l'entoure et de son impact sur l'historiographie de l'Allemagne moderne, inclutant le rôle des historiens professionnels dans la société. fr

Part of the work in this thesis is in the examination and arrangement of the varied causes of the Peasants' Revolt, together with a factual account of the Revolt constructed from contemporary sources. The core of the original work in the thesis consists in the bringing together of representative accounts of the Revolt from the 14th to the 20th centuries. This contributes to our knowledge of the development of legends, and in the field of historiography shows the interrelation of historical writing.

This thesis is a purely historical work which attempts to understand the basis of the political behaviour of Canadians in the General Election of 1908. The election was in many ways unique in that no issue of national interest was convincingly brought before the electorate. The electoral battle hinged therefore, not so much upon the subjects debated in Parliament and in the press but upon local, provincial, and regional considerations. The first four chapters investigate the background of the 1908 campaign, analyzing the position of the two political parties and examining the outstanding political issues of the years which immediately preceded the election.

Many academic works have focused on the German occupation of France in the Second World War, both from the perspective of the occupiers and the occupied. Only a few monographs however had dealt so far with the Italian military occupation of southeastern France between 1940 and 1943. My dissertation strives to fill this historiographical gap, by analyzing the Italian occupation policy established by both Italian civilian and military authorities. Compared to the German occupation policy, the Italian occupation was considerably more lenient, as no massacres were perpetrated and wanton violence was rare. In fact, the Italian occupation of France contrasts sharply with the occupation in the Balkans, where Italians resorted to brutal retaliation in response to guerilla activities. Indeed, softer measures in France stemmed from pragmatic reasons, as the Italian army had not the manpower to implement a draconian occupation, but also due to an humanitarian mindset, especially with regards to the Jewish population in southeastern France. This work endeavors to examine the occupation and its impact on southeastern France, especially at a grassroots level, with a particular emphasis on the relations between the Italian soldiers and the Italian immigrants in the area. Furthermore, much light will be shed on the conflict opposing French officials to Italian ones, and on the differences in policy between Italian civilian authorities and Italian military officials.

The central goal of this thesis is to explore several popular "talking points" that were believed to relate to high crime rates amongst African American male youth. I argue that in many instances, issues relating to employment, education, and family structure can operate in unison to greatly increase the likelihood that young black men would take part in criminal activity. The issues discussed within this thesis relate closely to those discussed earlier in Thomas Sugrue's pivotal work The Origins of the Urban Crisis. This thesis will focus on the period from 1980 through to 1999 to discuss how issues relating to crime and poverty persisted throughout urban areas within the United States. I have assembled a variety of primary and secondary sources from several different disciplines to properly develop my argument related to the various socio-economic issues surrounding the African American community during this period.

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