Smart meters (SMs) are key components of the smart grid (SG) as they gather electrical usage data from residences and businesses.Home area networks (HANs) are used to provide two-way communications between SMs and devices within a building such as appliances. This can be implemented using power line communications (PLCs) on home wiring topologies. In this thesis, a HAN PLC channel model is designed based on a split-phase power system which includes branch circuits, a panel with circuit breakers and bars, a secondary transformer and the wiring of neighboring residences. A cell division (CD) method is employed to construct the channel model. Further, arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) and ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) circuit breaker models are developed. Several PLC channels are presented and compared with those obtained using existing models. PLC communication systems are affected by noise, thus a noise model is developed which is comprised of background and impulse noise. This noise model can be used to obtain the noise power spectral density (PSD) at receivers in the wiring topology. / Graduate

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In recent years, smart gird has received much attention, and many researchers have devoted to home area network (HAN) to improve the efficiency of grid. This thesis proposes a bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter (Dual Active Bridge, DAB) with phase shift control to implement the concept of HAN. Li+Fe battery is used as storage device of the converter, and a bidirectional communication between Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) and Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is realized by CAN-bus. By setting the current command given by LabVIEW system, the converter is able to charge the Li+Fe battery with constant current and constant voltage method as well as discharge the Li+Fe battery with constant current. Operation principle of the converter and the associated loss are presented.

The evolution of the Home Area Network (HAN) is lead by the proliferation of connected devices inside the home and the deployment of high broadband access network which now allows the delivery of services that can exceed 1Gbit/s. To ensure efficient in-house exchanges, the HAN has to move rapidly toward multi-Gigabit/s connections, in particular the wireless connectivity generally preferred by the customers. Current wireless systems have limited capacities, but new radio standards delivering data-rates up to 7Gbit/s are emerging. Nevertheless, as they address the unlicensed millimeter-wave band, from 57 to 66 GHz, their radio coverage is limited to a single room. Indeed, at such frequencies, the free-space losses are high and the waves do not cross the walls. This thesis proposes to solve this problem by means of the Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology. This consists in capturing the 60GHz radio signals emitted in one room, converting them into optical signals for transmission through optical fibers, and reemitting them in another room. Thus, several RoF transducers will be installed in the home and interconnected by a suitable optical infrastructure to create systems acting at the same time as repeaters and as distribution systems. From the viewpoint of the HAN market, such systems will be competitive only if they are low cost. As a consequence, this work focuses on direct modulation with direct detection (IM-DD) at Intermediate Frequency (IF). In other words, the 60GHz signal is down-converted at a lower frequency around 5GHz before the laser modulation and up-converted to 60GHz after the photodetection. Concerning the optical fiber, silica multimode fiber (MMF) is privileged as it allows the use of low cost and largely available optoelectronic devices working at 850nm.The thesis proposes different RoF architectures, from point-to-point interconnecting two rooms to multipoint-to-multipoint acting as logical buses. After an analog characterization of the optoelectronic components, the RoF link and the domestic cable, these architectures are designed, built and characterized step by step using OFDM modulation according to existing wireless 60GHz standards. Real-time transmissions between commercial devices have also been performed to validate these architectures. Moreover, advanced RoF infrastructures are proposed. First, the RoF systems can be easily improved if the access to their optical media is managed by the radio MAC layer. This approach is therefore studied showing its feasibility. Secondly, an optical system, seen by users as a premium product, has to support the legacy home services commonly used as well as the new ones that could emerge in the future. Thus, innovative multiservice and multiformat infrastructures conveying on a unique optical cable wired IP data, broadcast terrestrial or satellite television, the 60GHz wireless connectivity, and specific formats as HDMI signals are proposed and tested

L'évolution des Réseaux Locaux Domestiques (RLD) est influencée par l'augmentation irréfrénée du nombre de terminaux connectés dans nos domiciles et par le déploiement de réseaux d'accès optiques haut débit qui délivrent désormais des services dépassant le Gigabit/s. Pour continuer à échanger efficacement les données, les RLD doivent évoluer vers le multi-Gigabit/s, et plus particulièrement la très appréciée connectivité sans fil. Les systèmes radio actuels ont des capacités limitées, néanmoins de nouveaux standards dont le débit excède 7Gbit/s voient le jour. Mais comme ces derniers exploitent la bande millimétrique, entre 57 et 66 GHz, leur couverture radio est limitée à la taille d'une pièce. En effet, à de telles fréquences, les pertes en espace libre sont très élevées et les ondes ne traversent pas les murs. Cette thèse propose de résoudre cette limitation au moyen de solutions Radio sur Fibre (RoF pour Radio over Fiber). Cette technique consiste à capturer les signaux radio émis dans une première pièce, puis à les convertir en signaux optiques pour les transmettre par fibre optique jusqu'à une seconde pièce où ils seront réémis. Plusieurs transducteurs RoF seront donc installés dans le domicile et interconnectés entre eux au moyen d'une infrastructure optique adaptée, créant ainsi des systèmes se comportant à la fois comme répéteurs and comme système de distribution. Pour le marché du RLD, de telles solutions sont compétitives que si elles sont bas coût. Par conséquent, ce travail se focalise sur la modulation directe avec détection directe (IM-DD) en Fréquence Intermédiaire (FI). En d'autres termes, le signal radio à 60GHz est translaté à une plus faible fréquence, autour de 5GHz, pour moduler directement un laser, puis il est restitué à 60GHz après la détection directe. Concernant la fibre optique, la multimode silice (MMF) est privilégiée puisqu'elle permet l'utilisation de composants optoélectroniques bas coût et largement disponible. Cette thèse propose différentes architectures RoF, de la point-à-point reliant deux pièces à la multipoint-à-multipoint agissant comme un bus logique. Après une caractérisation analogique des composants optoélectroniques, du lien RoF et du câble domestique, ces architectures sont construites et caractérisées étape par étape sur la base d'une modulation OFDM conforme aux standards radio 60GHz. Des transmissions temps réel entre terminaux commerciaux sont également réalisées afin de valider ces architectures. Pour finir, des infrastructures RoF avancées sont proposées. Premièrement, les systèmes RoF peuvent être améliorés si l'accès à leur couche optique est contrôlé par la couche MAC radio. Cette approche est donc étudiée, démontrant ainsi sa faisabilité. Deuxièmement, les systèmes optiques, perçus par les utilisateurs comme des produits premium, doivent supporter aussi bien les services de base du RLD que ceux qui vont émerger dans les années à venir. Ainsi, des infrastructures multiservice and multiformat innovantes transportant sur un unique câble optique des données IP, la télévision hertzienne et satellite, les signaux radio 60GHz et d'autres formats spécifiques tels que l'HDMI sont proposées puis testées / The evolution of the Home Area Network (HAN) is lead by the proliferation of connected devices inside the home and the deployment of high broadband access network which now allows the delivery of services that can exceed 1Gbit/s. To ensure efficient in-house exchanges, the HAN has to move rapidly toward multi-Gigabit/s connections, in particular the wireless connectivity generally preferred by the customers. Current wireless systems have limited capacities, but new radio standards delivering data-rates up to 7Gbit/s are emerging. Nevertheless, as they address the unlicensed millimeter-wave band, from 57 to 66 GHz, their radio coverage is limited to a single room. Indeed, at such frequencies, the free-space losses are high and the waves do not cross the walls. This thesis proposes to solve this problem by means of the Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology. This consists in capturing the 60GHz radio signals emitted in one room, converting them into optical signals for transmission through optical fibers, and reemitting them in another room. Thus, several RoF transducers will be installed in the home and interconnected by a suitable optical infrastructure to create systems acting at the same time as repeaters and as distribution systems. From the viewpoint of the HAN market, such systems will be competitive only if they are low cost. As a consequence, this work focuses on direct modulation with direct detection (IM-DD) at Intermediate Frequency (IF). In other words, the 60GHz signal is down-converted at a lower frequency around 5GHz before the laser modulation and up-converted to 60GHz after the photodetection. Concerning the optical fiber, silica multimode fiber (MMF) is privileged as it allows the use of low cost and largely available optoelectronic devices working at 850nm.The thesis proposes different RoF architectures, from point-to-point interconnecting two rooms to multipoint-to-multipoint acting as logical buses. After an analog characterization of the optoelectronic components, the RoF link and the domestic cable, these architectures are designed, built and characterized step by step using OFDM modulation according to existing wireless 60GHz standards. Real-time transmissions between commercial devices have also been performed to validate these architectures. Moreover, advanced RoF infrastructures are proposed. First, the RoF systems can be easily improved if the access to their optical media is managed by the radio MAC layer. This approach is therefore studied showing its feasibility. Secondly, an optical system, seen by users as a premium product, has to support the legacy home services commonly used as well as the new ones that could emerge in the future. Thus, innovative multiservice and multiformat infrastructures conveying on a unique optical cable wired IP data, broadcast terrestrial or satellite television, the 60GHz wireless connectivity, and specific formats as HDMI signals are proposed and tested