Background: Homicide-suicides are rare events in which an individual commits a homicide and then takes his or her own life. Despite extensive media coverage and a recent increase in research in this field, our understanding of these events is limited as most studies are descriptive. There is little reliable evidence regarding mental illness in individuals who commit homicide-suicide. Aims: The central aim of this study was to examine the role of mental illness in cases of homicide-suicide. The objectives were to: (1) determine the prevalence of mental illness; (2) describe the characteristics of perpetrators and victims, and the circumstances of the offence; (3) examine the psychopathology of perpetrators prior to the offence. Method: The research design was a mixed methods study of homicide-suicide. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to examine a national consecutive case series, in England and Wales, between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2008. The sample contained 60 cases. Descriptive statistical analysis and a thematic framework analysis were undertaken on documents obtained from coroners, the police, GP medical records, records of mental health services contact and newspaper articles. The social, behavioural, offence and clinical characteristics of these incidents were reported. Results: Most of these offences were committed by men (53, 88%). The average age of perpetrators was 44 years (range 18-85). The overwhelming majority of these incidents involved close family members, mainly current or former intimate partners and/or the children of the perpetrator. Over half of the perpetrators had previously been diagnosed with mental health problems by a GP, most commonly depression. The incident was, in most cases, preceded by an actual separation from an intimate partner, or the perpetrator perceived separation to be imminent. The emotional responses to the loss of the relationship included: anger; frustration; humiliation; jealousy; desire for revenge; hopelessness, guilt and remorse. Poor coping strategies were observed, with many having a history of previous self-harm or suicide attempts, and difficulty controlling their aggression. Despite the high proportion of lifetime mental illness, few had been in recent contact with their GP for psychological problems prior to the incident. In the majority of cases, incidents involving mentally ill perpetrators were reported responsibly in newspapers. However, there were instances in which journalists sensationalised the incidents and provided stereotypical portrayals of the perpetrator. Conclusion: The findings from this study add valuable empirical qualitative data to the literature. These incidents occur in the context of existing and challenging common social issues, such as intimate partner violence, child custody disputes, an ageing population, and mental disorder. The evidence from this study shows that these perpetrators had an extreme reaction to an interpersonal crisis resulting in severe emotional distress. Perpetrators from vulnerable groups had complex needs and exhibited previous poor coping strategies that may put them at increased risk. However, prevention is difficult as these are rare events and though under distress, these individuals were less likely to seek help from services. More research is required to identify risk factors in targeted sub-groups of homicide-suicide, such as intimate partner, filicide-suicide and elderly homicide-suicide, in the context of social, economic and clinical problems.

This thesis is an examination of the relationship between the New York Police Department's "Stop, Question, and Frisk" policy and the city's homicide rates. Using a historical analysis of NYC crime data as well as a cross-city comparison of homicide rates across the United States, I determine whether or not there is a consistent, causal relationship between the policy and the city's violent crime rates.

Orientador: Valeriano Mendes Ferreira Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T10:46:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_MarilzaSales_D.pdf: 8629906 bytes, checksum: 788fd20673de9a35b226172991fd16d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A discussão sobre a taxa de homicídios no Brasil, Estado do Pará e particularmente na mesorregião do sudeste paraense tem extrapolado as instituições acadêmicas e alcançado espaços internacionais. Composta por 39 municípios em uma área de 297.344,257 Km2 e uma população aproximada de 1.647.514 mil habitantes (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2010) a região possui uma ocupação singular nesses últimos 30 anos (1980 a 2010). Historicamente apresentou uma política econômica de (re) organização do espaço atrelado aos ciclos econômicos a começar pelas "drogas do sertão" levando o droguista ao primeiro contato com os indígenas (ARAÚJO, 1996). O ciclo da exploração do látex apresentou uma intensa migração interna e externa (FURTADO, 1998); porém no ciclo da castanha a terra tornou-se privada caracterizada pela violência e por relações de trabalho sem-escravista ocasionando conflitos por posse e pela exploração da terra (EMMI, 1999). Entretanto, no ciclo do garimpo a política de distribuição de terras, a construção da rodovia Belém-Brasília, a origem de grandes latifúndios e incentivos fiscais assim como a desapropriação de terras indígenas e a expulsão de posseiros em áreas de plantio (PETIT, 2003) facilitou o ciclo da grilagem de terras intensificando os conflitos na região (MARTINS, 1991). No ciclo dos Grandes Projetos Carajás (minérios) as construções de hidrelétricas e ferrovias trouxe um crescimento demográfico desordenado e junto aos problemas já existentes provocou um "inchaço" em cidades de "médio porte" (LOUREIRO, 1992) e o aumento na ocorrência de homicídios (AROUCK, 2003). O estudo analisa a ocorrência do fenômeno no período (1980-2010) revendo as historiografias locais e as ações estaduais e municipais que atuam sobre a ocorrência da problemática, assim, construindo um perfil dos homicídios e identificando o deslocamento para as cidades de "médio porte". Nessa perspectiva, a fonte primária de estudo foram "laudos cadavéricos" obtidos no IML/Marabá-PA. Dele, estraímos indicadores correspondente a variáveis dependentes, independentes que permitiram verificar os homicídios por décadas, por Municípios, relação de inquéritos, de prisões por inquéritos abertos, reincidências por décadas, idade, sexo, profissão e outros. A análise dos dados permitiu identificar a contínua incidência dos homicídios na região oscilando falecimento/mês em toda década, porém, maior ênfase no mês de Setembro, Outubro e Agosto e um "deslocamento" continuo do campo para a cidade (Padrão Nacional) (WAISELFISZ, 2010), portanto, há maior ocorrência de homicídios na área urbana do que rural. Os resultados apontam um perfil de vítimas do sexo masculino (maioria), entre 19 e 35 anos, solteiro, exercendo, na maioria, atividades autônoma, vendedor, estudante, trabalho braçal, ajudante e lavrador; natural do Pará e dos estados do Nordeste e do Centro-Oeste (maioria) de nacionalidade brasileira (maioria). Atualmente existem poucos órgãos realizando o levantamento do fenômeno na região, porém quando os dados são computados, na maioria das vezes, estão dispersos, indisponíveis ao público, contribuindo, em parte, em políticas públicas estatais incipientes, rarefeitas, pulverizadas apenas nos grandes centros enquanto as cidades de "médio porte" (sudeste paraense) ficam relegadas a pequenas intervenções paliativas de controle e ordem. Palavras - chave: Homicídios, ciclos econômicos, fluxos migratórios, Estado / Abstract: The discussion about the homicide rate in Brazil, State of Para and particularly in southeastern Pará mesoregion has extrapolated academic institutions and achieved internationally spaces. Composed of 39 municipalities in an area of 297,344.257 km2 and a population of 1,647,514,000 inhabitants (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2010) the region has a unique occupation in the last 30 years (1980-2010). Historically presented an economic policy of (re) organization of the space to leash economic cycles starting with of the country drugs leading the druggist the first contact with the natives (Araújo, 1996). The latex exploration cycle showed an intense internal and external migration (FURTADO, 1998); But in the cycle of the brown land became private characterized by violence and labor relations-slave without causing conflicts for possession and exploitation of the earth (EMMI, 1999). However, the mining cycle land distribution policy, the construction of the Belém-Brasília highway, the origin of large estates and tax incentives as well as the expropriation of indigenous lands and the expulsion of earth possesssion people in plantation areas (PETIT, 2003) facilitated land grilagem cycle intensifying conflicts in the region (Martins, 1991). In the cycle of the Great Carajás Project (minerals) hydroelectric construction and railways brought an inordinate growth and atogether to the problems already caused a swelling in cities "medium-sized" (Loureiro, 1992) and the increase in the occurrence of homicides (AROUCK, 2003). The study examines the occurrence of the phenomenon in the period (1980-2010) reviewing local historiography and the state and municipal actions that act upon the occurrence of the problem, thus building a profile of the killings displacement and identifying the shift to the cities of "medium sized ". From this perspective, the primary source of study were "reports cadaveric" obtained in the IML/Maraba-PA. Him, withdraws corresponding indicators dependent variables, which allowed independent check homicides for decades by municipalities, surveys ratio of arrests for inquiries opened, relapses for decades, age, gender, profession and others. Data analysis identified the continued incidence of homicides in the region teetering death / month throughout the decade, however, more emphasis in the month of September, October and August and an "displacement" continued the countryside to the city (National Standard) (WAISELFISZ , 2010), so there is a higher incidence of homicides in urban areas than rural. Results indicate male victims profile (majority), between 19 and 35 years old, single, exercising mostly autonomous activities, seller, student, legwork, helper and farmer; Natural Pará and the states of the Northeast and the Midwest (most) of Brazilian nationality (most). Currently there are few agencies conducting the survey of the phenomenon in the region, but when the data is computed, for the most part, are scattered, unavailable to the public, contributing in part to state policies incipient, rarefied, sprayed only in large centers as the cities of "medium-sized" (Para southeast) are relegated to small palliative interventions of control and order. Key words: Homicide, economic cycles, migration, state / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutora em Ciências Sociais

This study looked at 19 years of Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatality data for the purpose of describing occupational homicide and suicide for farmers and agriculture workers. The study found homicide rates for farmers and agriculture workers were lower than rates for total occupations for 14 years, while suicide rates for farmers and agriculture workers were consistently higher than total occupations. Significant regional variations in homicide and suicide patterns were identified. Finally, this study confirmed prior research in that males were most commonly victims of both occupational homicide and suicide when compared to females, while both male and female farmers and agriculture workers were most likely victims of homicide by firearms.

Bibliography: pages 299-306. / Society never absolutely prohibits homicide: there are "grey areas" in which it is sometimes tolerated or even encouraged. Moral discussion of each area is usually carried on in isolation from the others, and perhaps for this reason, frequently ignores or underestimates the complexities of the morality of killing. This thesis attempts to identify a general method for analysing such issues, so that they can enrich one another. A contemporary theological survey indicates that there should be a balance in Christian ethical method between the polar values of obedience in respect of general standards, and freedom to exercise individual responsibility. This implies recognising a place for intuitions, and specifying a way in which these can be subjected to criticism. In contrast, the Sanctity-of-Life Principle seeks to impose a universal prohibition on the killing of "innocent" human beings. While the Principle provides a useful general guideline, it is deficient as a moral norm - partly because of fatal difficulties associated with the concept of innocence. The method adopted in this thesis is that suggested by Philip Wagaman: methodological presumptions are identified and then tested in a utilitarian way. For the ethics of homicide, I propose a primary presumption favouring the preservation of life, and various secondary and linguistic presumptions. The contextual framework of the thesis is limited to two specific issues - abortion and revolutionary violence.

No description available.

Purpose: This study examines the differences in suicide, homicide, and all-cause mortality between transgender and cisgender Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients. Methods: VHA electronic medical record data from October 1, 1999 to December 31, 2016 were used to create a sample of transgender and cisgender patients (n = 32,441). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate differences in survival time (date of birth to death date/study end). Death data were from the National Death Index. Results: Transgender patients had more than twofold greater hazard of suicide than cisgender patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.88-4.09), especially among younger (18-39 years) (aHR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.30-8.60) and older (‡65 years) patients (aHR = 9.48, 95% CI = 3.88-23.19). Alternatively, transgender patients had an overall lower hazard of all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84-0.97) compared with cisgender patients, which was driven by patients 40-64 years old (aHR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.72-0.86) and reversed by those 65 years and older (aHR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03-1.33). Conclusion: Transgender patients' hazard of suicide mortality was significantly greater than that of cisgender VHA patients.

This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of the factums of murder and manslaughter pursuant to Section 140 and 141 of the Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code, as amended, by studying historical and present-day legal acts, related documents, specialised literature from the field of law, medicine, psychology and anthropology, and of the jurisprudence of the Czech courts. The thesis is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter is focused on the historical development of the criminal regulation of intentional homicides since the foundation of the independent Czechoslovakia, starting from the reception of the 1852 Austrian Criminal Code which was applicable in the Austrian part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, through the period socialist legislation represented by the Criminal Codes of 1950 and 1961, up to the adoption of the current Criminal Code in 2009. The second chapter addresses the problem of defining the term human life, explaining the moment and the moment of its end. This chapter also gives an overview of the protection of human life as it is guaranteed by the international agreements and treaties as well as by Czech constitutional order in the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms. The third chapter is the analysis of the criminal offence of murder pursuant to the...

This study addresses whether or not male and female intimate partner homicide offenders differ in a variety of characteristics using data from the Chicago Women's Health Risk Study, 1995-1998. Frequencies of male and female intimate partner homicide offender's risk factors were compared to look at how they differ. The areas that were explored were demographics, prior abuse, and the criminal justices response. A number of gender differences were found. Directions for future research pertaining to intimate partner homicide offenders are discussed.

Lanier and Huff-Corzine's (2006) article "American Indian Homicide: A County-Level Analysis Utilizing Social Disorganization Theory" has been referred to as a highly influential piece of literature on American Indian homicide. The study looked at American Indian homicide victimization incidents by county between 1986 and 1992 in the continental United States using the framework of social disorganization theory. Despite the violent crime drop in the 1990s, little research exists that examines current dynamics of American Indian homicide. This study provides an updated replication of Lanier and Huff-Corzine (2006) by examining the impact of social disorganization on American Indian homicide victimization between 2006 and 2012. Results differ from Lanier and Huff-Corzine (2006). Reasons for the different outcomes are explored and implications for future research are discussed.