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Submitted by Samira Prince (prince@ufpa.br) on 2012-11-19T14:58:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoNeuropatologicaLesao.pdf: 1797804 bytes, checksum: 6eb30f7e8dd12dcc8685e4445a1e9195 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2012-11-19T18:13:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoNeuropatologicaLesao.pdf: 1797804 bytes, checksum: 6eb30f7e8dd12dcc8685e4445a1e9195 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-11-19T18:13:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoNeuropatologicaLesao.pdf: 1797804 bytes, checksum: 6eb30f7e8dd12dcc8685e4445a1e9195 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / A resposta inflamatória pode exacerbar o processo lesivo após desordens neurais agudas. O dimorfismo sexual gerado pelas diferentes presenças hormonais existentes entre macho e fêmea têm demonstrado habilidades neuroprotetoras endógenas opostas, apresentando uma melhor preservação da integridade do tecido nervoso na fêmea, putativamente, devido à presença dos hormônios ginógenos. Não existem investigações comparando como essa diferença pode afetar a resposta inflamatória durante o AVE. No presente estudo, investigaram-se as diferenças nos processos inflamatórios agudos do dimorfismo sexual de ratos adultos, de ambos os sexos, submetidos à lesão isquêmica aguda induzida por Endotelina (ET1) no corpo estriado. Seis grupos experimentais foram delineados: Animais machos de 24 horas de sobrevida (n= 8); machos de 72 horas de sobrevida de (n=8); machos de 7 dias de sobrevida (n=8); e fêmeas de 24 horas de sobrevida (n= 8); fêmeas de 72 horas de sobrevida de(n=8); fêmeas de 7 dias de sobrevida. A análise histopatológica geral foi realizada em secções coradas pela violeta de cresila. Macrófagos, astrócitos e neurônios foram identificados por imuno-histoquímica com anticorpos específicos para estas células inflamatórias (ED1, anti-GFAP e Anti-NeuN, respectivamente). Realizou-se contagem de micróglia/macrófagos ativados e corpos neuronais nos grupos experimentais mencionados. Não se notou diferença quantitativa entre os diferentes sexos, contudo houve uma aparente queda na quantidade de macrófagos/micróglia em 3 dias, tanto para os machos quanto para as fêmeas, apresentando alguma diferença na ativação astrocitária mais forte em machos. Os resultados sugerem que as diferenças sexuais na linhagem Lister Hooded, não são suficientes para causar diferenças significativas na preservação do tecido nervoso e em alguns aspectos da resposta inflamatória após a indução de isquemia cerebral por meio de ET1. / The inflammatory response may exacerbate the process harmful after acute neural disorders. Sexual dimorphism generated by different hormonal attendance between male and female have demonstrated neuroprotective abilities endogenous opposite, showing a better preservation of the integrity of the nervous tissue in female, putatively due to the presence of gynoid hormones. However, there is no research work comparing how this difference might affect the inflammatory response during stroke. In the present study, we investigated the differences in acute inflammatory processes of sexual dimorphism in adult rats of both sexes subjected to acute ischemic injury induced by endothelin (ET1) in the striatum. Six experimental groups were designed: male animals survival 24 hours (n = 8); male survival of 72 hours (n = 8); male survival of 7 days (n = 8) and female 24 hours survival (n = 8), females 72 hours of survival (n = 8); female seven days of survival. Histopathologic analysis was performed in the general sections stained with violet cresila. Macrophages, astrocytes, and neurons were identified by immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for these inflammatory cells (ED1, anti-GFAP and Anti-NeuN, respectively). We conducted counts activated microglia / macrophages and neuron bodies mentioned in the experimental groups. No difference was observed quantitatively between different sexes, but there was an apparent decrease in the amount of macrophages / microglia at 3 days but in males and in females, presenting apparently some difference in the activation of astrocytes was stronger in males. The results suggest that sex differences, at least in lineage Lister hooded is not enough to cause significant differences in the preservation of nerve tissue and in some aspects of the inflammatory response after induction of cerebral ischemia by ET1.

Man-made nest boxes are surrogate nest sites widely used by waterfowl managers in North America to propagate free-ranging Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) and other cavity-nesting waterfowl. I monitored 129 and 174 nest boxes in 2020 and 2021, respectively, at Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge and York Woods, Mississippi. I evaluated site-specific biotic and abiotic factors that were potentially influential on nest survival of Wood Ducks and general nesting ecology and apparent nest success of Black-bellied Whistling Ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) and Hooded Mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus). Daily survival rate of Wood Ducks was negatively influenced by increasing encroaching vegetation at Noxubee NWR and varied by year at York Woods. Across both sites and years, Black-bellied Whistling Duck and Hooded Merganser nest success averaged 59% and 77%, respectively. I also evaluated eggshell breaking strength (EBS) between all three species, where EBS was highest in Hooded Mergansers, followed by Black-bellied Whistling Ducks and Wood Ducks.

The genotoxicological effects of five intra-peritoneal administered oestrogens (17β- oestradiol, daidzein, diethylstilboestrol, genistein, and equol), were examined. Male hooded- Lister rats were used to examine to what extent DNA damage occurred. The alkaline Comet assay was the chosen method used to assess double-strand DNA breakage by examining the Olive tail moment and %age tail DNA. Tissues from the testis, bone marrow, liver and blood were analysed after an 8-day duration of exposure. Statistically significant increases in DNA damage were observed in the testis with daidzein and in the blood with diethylstilboestrol. In addition, a further study was carried out to examine the effects of bulk and nanotised forms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin and ibuprofen, in the Comet and micronucleus assays, on whole blood taken from prostate cancer patients or volunteers. These were used because it is known that the sensitivity of DNA to genotoxins can be heightened in patients with cancer. Patients’ and volunteers’ blood was cultured with either the bulk or nano-forms for 44 hours at 37°C, 5% CO2. Data were obtained for the Comet assay as above and the number of binucleated cells scored for the micronucelus assay. The results show the nanotised forms of the NSAIDs decreased the levels of strand breakage and lowered the numbers of micronuclei generated compared with their bulk forms. There was no clear difference between the sensitivity of the healthy controls and the prostate cancer patients, with only one individual showing evidence of heightened sensitivity.