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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

ParticipaÃÃo dos hormÃnios tireoideanos no desenvolvimento de hiperreatividade induzida pelo desafio antigÃnico com ovalbumina em traquÃias isoladas de ratos sensibilizados / Putative involvement of the thyroid hormones in hyperreactivity development induced by antigenic challenge with ovalbumin on ovalbumin-sensitized rat isolated tracheae.

Fernanda Carvalho Bezerra 05 August 2005 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Com o objetivo de verificar a influÃncia dos hormÃnios tireoideanos no desenvolvimento de hiperreatividade traqueal, ratos machos (200 - 250 g) eutireÃideos, hipotireÃideos (propiltiouracil [PTU] - v.o. 0,05% p/v, durante 4 semanas) ou hipertireÃideos (L- tiroxina [T4] - 0,5 mg/kg s.c., por 7 ou 9 dias) foram sensibilizados à ovalbumina (OVA) e, 14 dias depois, desafiados atravÃs da inalaÃÃo de OVA (1 mg/ml, seguida de 5 mg/ml, 15 min cada). O sacrifÃcio dos animais para a realizaÃÃo dos experimentos ocorreu 24 h apÃs o desafio antigÃnico por anestesia com hidrato de cloral (400 mg/Kg). A traquÃia isolada foi montada em cubas contendo 10 ml de Krebs-Henseleit modificado (37 oC, 5% de CO2 em O2). Foram obtidas curvas concentraÃÃo-efeito (CCE) para cloreto de potÃssio (KCl), carbacol (CCh) ou serotonina (5-HT). TambÃm foram realizadas CCE ao Ca2+ em preparaÃÃes estimuladas por KCl, CCh ou 5-HT e mantidas em soluÃÃo sem Ca2+. A reapresentaÃÃo do antÃgeno promoveu significativo aumento (p < 0,05, two-way ANOVA) da resposta mÃxima (RM) das CCE ao KCl de 0,96  0,10 gF para 1,53  0,11 gF (n = 7), ao CCh de 1,98  0,06 gF para 2,92  0,07 gF (n = 7) e à 5-HT de 1,64  0,14 gF para 2,41  0,15 (n = 6) nos tecidos obtidos de animais sensibilizados ou desafiados, respectivamente. As traquÃias tambÃm apresentaram aumento (p < 0,05, two-way ANOVA) da RM ao Ca2+ quando estimuladas com KCl de 0,54  0,06 gF para 0,86  0,07 gF (n = 6), com CCh de 1,20  0,14 gF para 1,77  0,14 gF (n = 6) ou com 5-HT de 0,59  0,10 gF para 1,15  0,05 gF (n = 6) nos tecidos obtidos de animais sensibilizados ou desafiados, respectivamente. O hipotireoidismo nÃo alterou significativamente a RM induzida por KCl e CCh, enquanto que aquela induzida pela 5-HT foi reduzida de 1,64  0,14 gF nos animais eutireÃideos para 0,34  0,07 gF nos animais hipotireÃideos (p < 0,001, two-way ANOVA). ApÃs desafio, a 5-HT produziu 0,56  0,11 gF (n = 7) no tecido hipotireÃideo (p < 0,001, two-way ANOVA). O hipotireoidismo aboliu o desenvolvimento de hiperreatividade para KCl e CCh. Ocorreu um aumento na CE50 nas CCE obtidas ao CCh de 0,49 x 10-6M para 4,65 x 10-6M (P < 0,05, two-way ANOVA ). O desafio reduziu a CE50 novamente para 1,53 x 10-6M (n = 6, p<0,05, two-way ANOVA). As traquÃias de animais hipotireÃideos desafiados apresentaram diminuiÃÃo da RM ao Ca2+ quando estimuladas com KCl, CCh e 5-HT. Ocorreu aumento na CE50 nas CCE ao Ca2+ em traquÃias desafiadas e estimuladas com CCh de 5,77 x 10-4 M para 22,50 x 10-4 M (n = 6, p<0,01 two-way ANOVA). O hipertireoidismo promoveu um significativo aumento na RM das CCE apenas ao KCl (0,96  0,10 gF no controle versus 1,58  0,15 no tecido hipertireÃideo). NÃo houve desenvolvimento de hiperreatividade apÃs o desafio antigÃnico (RM = 1,87  0,14 gF). Ocorreu diminuiÃÃo da CE50 ao CCh de 0,67 x 10-4 M no controle para 0,14 x 10-4 M apÃs tratamento com T4. Os resultados mostram que hà envolvimento dos hormÃnios tireoideanos no desenvolvimento de hiperreatividade em traquÃia de rato, induzida apÃs reapresentaÃÃo do antÃgeno a animais previamente sensibilizados. / In other to verify the influence of thyroid hormones on the tracheal hyperreactivity development, euthyroid, hypothyroid (propiltiouracil [PTU] - p.o. 0.05% w/v, 4 weeks) or hyperthyroid (L-tiroxine [T4] â 0.5 mg/kg s.c.,7 or 9 days) male rats (200 - 250 g) were sensitized to ovalbumine (OVA) and, 14 days later, challenged with OVA inhalation, (1 mg/ml, followed by 5 mg/ml, 15 min each). Animals sacrifice was carried out 24 later by means of anaesthesia with chloral hydrate (400 mg/Kg). Isolated trachea was mounted in 10 ml bath chamber filled with modified Krebs-Henseleit (37 oC, 5% de CO2 em O2). Concentration-effect curves (CEC) were carried out for potassium chloride (KCl), carbachol (CCh) or serotonin (5-HT). CEC to Ca2+ added in tissues maintained in Ca2+-free medium stimulated with KCl, CCh or 5-HT also were carried out. Antigenic challenge produced significant increase (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA) of the maximal response (Emax) of the CCE for KCl from 0.96  0.10 gF to 1.53  0.11 gF (n = 7), for CCh from 1.98  0.06 gF to 2.92  0.07 gF (n = 7) and for 5-HT from 1.64  0.14 gF to 2.41  0.15 (n = 6) in tissues obtained from sensitized or challenged animals, respectively. Tracheae also showed increase on the Emax to Ca2+ (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA) when stimulated with KCl from 0.54  0.06 gF to 0.86  0.07 gF (n = 6), with CCh from 1.20  0.14 gF to 1.77  0.14 gF (n = 6) or with 5-HT from 0.59  0.10 gF to 1.15  0.05 gF (n = 6) on sensitized or challenged tissues, respectively. The hypothyroidism did not modify significantly the KCl- or CCh-induced Emax, while the 5-HT-induced contractile effect was reduced from 1.64  0.14 gF in euthyroid tissues to 0.34  0.07 gF in hypothyroid tissues (p < 0.001, two-way ANOVA). After challenge, 5-HT produced in hypothyroid tissues a contraction corresponding to 0.56  0.11 gF (n = 7, p < 0.001, two-way ANOVA). Hypothyroidism prevented hyperreactivity development for KCl and CCh. It was observed an increased EC50 value in CCE for CCh from 0.49 x 10-6M to 4.65 x 10-6 M (p < 0,05, two-way ANOVA). After challenge, CE50 value was reduced to 1.53 x 10-6 M (n = 6, p < 0,05, two-way ANOVA). Tracheae from challenged hypothyroid animals showed decreased Emax to Ca2+ when they were stimulated with KCl, CCh and 5-HT. It was observed an increased EC50 value in CCE to Ca2+ in challenged tissues stimulated with CCh from 5.77 x 10-4 M to 22.50 x 10-4 M (n = 6, p < 0.01, two-way ANOVA). Hyperthyroidism significantly increased Emax of the KCl-induced CCE (0.96  0,10 gF in control versus 1.58  0.15 on hyperthyroid tissue). Hyperreactivity was not showed after antigenic challenge (Emax = 1.87  0.14 gF). It was observed a reduction of the EC50 value to CCh from 0.67 x 10-4 M in control to 0.14 x 10-4 M after T4 treatment. Our results show that there is a putative thyroid hormones involvement in hyperreactivity development on rat trachea, after an antigenic challenge.
2

AvaliaÃÃo do estresse tÃrmico em bÃfalas Murrah criadas em dois diferentes sistemas de manejo nas condiÃÃes climÃticas da amazÃnia oriental / Evaluation of heat stress in Murrah buffaloes reared in two different management systems in the climatic conditions of eastern Amazonia

Jamile AndrÃa Rodrigues da Silva 21 May 2010 (has links)
nÃo hà / Esta tese avaliou os efeitos do estresse tÃrmico nas respostas fisiolÃgicas, hematolÃgicas e hormonais de bÃfalas, criadas ao sol e à sombra, na Unidade de Pesquisa Animal âSenador Ãlvaro Adolphoâ (01Â.26â.03â S e 48Â.26â.03â W), Embrapa AmazÃnia Oriental, em BelÃm, ParÃ, em condiÃÃes tropicais quentes e Ãmidas. Foram utilizadas 20 bÃfalas da raÃa Murrah, distribuÃdas de modo inteiramente casualizado, em dois grupos (grupo Sem Sombra - SS e grupo Com Sombra - CS). Todos os animais permaneceram em pastejo rotacionado, sendo os do grupo CS (n=10) mantidos em piquetes de sistema silvipastoril, sombreados pela leguminosa Acacia mangium e os do grupo SS (n=10), mantidos em piquetes sem acesso à sombra. A alimentaÃÃo foi a pasto, com a gramÃnea quicuio-da-amazÃnia (Brachiaria humidicola), com acesso à Ãgua para beber e sal mineral ad libitum. As variÃveis climÃticas, temperatura do ar (TA), umidade relativa do ar (UR) e temperatura de globo negro, foram obtidas no microclima de cada tratamento. As variÃveis fisiolÃgicas estudadas foram: temperatura retal (TR), frequÃncia respiratÃria (FR), frequÃncia cardÃaca (FC) e temperatura da superfÃcie corporal (TSC), as quais foram aferidas nos turnos da manhà (7h00) e da tarde (13h00). As colheitas de sangue para realizaÃÃo do eritrograma, do nÃmero total de leucÃcitos e para determinaÃÃo quantitativa de cortisol, triiodotironina (T3) e tiroxina (T4) foram realizadas no horÃrio de pico de temperatura ambiente local (13h00). Foram considerados os perÃodos: mais chuvoso (janeiro a abril), de transiÃÃo (maio a julho) e menos chuvoso (agosto a dezembro). AtravÃs da anÃlise de variÃncia foram constatadas diferenÃas significativas (P<0,05) da TA, Ãndice de temperatura e umidade (ITU) e Ãndice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU), entre os turnos e grupos, sendo mais elevados no perÃodo da tarde e no grupo SS. Os maiores valores de UR ocorreram no perÃodo mais chuvoso do ano, com diferenÃas estatÃsticas (P<0,05) entre os turnos, com valores superiores pela manhÃ. Resultados da anÃlise de variÃncia das variÃveis fisiolÃgicas TR, TSC, FR e FC revelaram diferenÃas significativas entre os turnos e grupos, com valores superiores no turno da tarde e grupo SS (P<0,05). No que se refere aos dados hematolÃgicos, o nÃmero de leucÃcitos sofreu influÃncia dos perÃodos do ano e tratamentos (P<0,05). No perÃodo mais chuvoso, o grupo CS apresentou valores superiores, enquanto nos perÃodos de transiÃÃo e menos chuvoso, os maiores valores foram do grupo SS. Os valores de hemÃcias sofreram influÃncia apenas dos tratamentos (P<0,05), com valores mais elevados no grupo SS, durante o perÃodo menos chuvoso do ano. O teor de hemoglobina sofreu influÃncia somente nos perÃodos de transiÃÃo e menos chuvoso, com nÃveis mais elevados (P<0,05). Em relaÃÃo aos resultados hormonais, o cortisol sofreu influÃncia dos tratamentos e perÃodos (P<0,05), com valores mais altos no grupo SS e perÃodos mais e menos chuvosos (P<0,05), enquanto que no perÃodo de transiÃÃo foram observados os menores valores. As mÃdias mais elevadas de T3 e T4 foram registradas no perÃodo mais chuvoso (P<0,05). A TR, TSC e FR apresentaram correlaÃÃes significativas (P<0,01) e positivas com a TA, ITU e ITGU, e negativas com a UR, as quais foram mais elevadas no perÃodo menos chuvoso. A FC, nos dois perÃodos do ano, apresentou correlaÃÃes baixas, porÃm altamente significativas (P<0,01) e positivas, com a TA, ITU e ITGU, e significativa e negativa (P<0,05), com a UR, somente no perÃodo mais chuvoso do ano. Os leucÃcitos, hemÃcias e o volume globular nÃo se correlacionaram com a TA, UR e ITGU. Somente a hemoglobina teve correlaÃÃo significativa e negativa (P<0,05), com a UR. O cortisol nÃo se correlacionou com a TA, UR e ITGU. O T3 e T4 se correlacionaram, negativamente, com a TA e ITGU, e positivamente, com a UR. Conclui-se que independente do perÃodo do ano, as bÃfalas Murrah estÃo sujeitas a ambiente hostil, com o perÃodo menos chuvoso considerado como o mais propÃcio a provocar estresse tÃrmico. O perÃodo de transiÃÃo à o que menos causou impacto sobre as variÃveis hormonais, e pode ser considerado de melhor conforto tÃrmico. A arborizaÃÃo da pastagem à eficiente para melhorar o conforto e, consequentemente, o desempenho produtivo dos animais, principalmente no turno da tarde. / This thesis aimed at evaluate the effects of heat stress on physiological, hematologic and hormonal responses of female buffaloes raised under full sun and shade at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem, Para State, Brazil (01Â.26â.03â S e 48Â.26â.03â W). Twenty female Murrah buffaloes were used. They were randomly assigned into two groups (Non Shade Group â NS, and Shade Group â SG). All animals were kept under rotational grazing: the ones in the NS group (n=10) were maintained in paddocks under a silvopastoral system, shaded by the tree legume Acacia mangium, whereas the ones in the SG (n=10) were kept in paddocks with no shade access. All animals were grass fed with Brachiaria humidicola, and had free access to drinking water and mineral salt. The climate variables: air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH) and black globe temperature (BGT) were measured on each treatment. The physiological variables studied were: rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and body surface temperature (BST). They were measured in the morning (7h00) and in the afternoon (13h00). Blood sampling, aiming erythrogram, leukocyte count, and the quantitative determination of cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), was carried out at the time of the highest temperature in the region (13h00). Three distinct climatic periods of the year were considered: rainy (January to April), transition (May to July) and less rainy (August to December). Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the AT, temperature humidity index (THI), and black globe humidity index (BGHI) between the distinct periods of the day and between groups. The highest rates were observed in the afternoon in the NS group. The highest RH values were observed during the rainy period. There were statistical differences (P<0.05) in RH between the periods of the day, and the highest values were measured in the morning. Results of analysis of variance for the physiological parameters RT, BST, RR and HR revealed that there were significant differences between the periods of the day and groups, and the values observed in group SS, during the afternoon, were higher (P<0.05) than the ones during the morning. Regarding the hematologic data, the leukocytes count was influenced by the periods of the year and treatments (P<0.05). During the rainy periods, the SG group presented the highest values. In the less rainy and transition periods, the highest values were observed in the NS group. The erythrocytes count was influenced (P<0.05) by the treatments, and the NS group showed the highest values in the less rainy period. Hemoglobin contents were not influenced by the treatments, however they were influenced by the periods of the year, and the highest levels (P <0.05) were observed during the transition and less rainy periods. Regarding the hormones, cortisol was influenced by the treatments (P<0.05), and the NS group showed the highest values. The highest mean rates of cortisol were reported during the rainy and less rainy periods of the year (P<0.05), and the transition period presented the lowest cortisol values. The highest average levels of T3 and T4 were recorded during the rainy period (P<0.05). RT, BST and RR presented a significant and positive (P<0.01) correlation with AT, THI and BGHI, and a negative correlation with RH. These correlations were higher during the less rainy period. HR showed low, but relevant and positive (P<0.01) correlations with AT, THI and BGHI during the two other periods, and significant and negative (P<0.05) correlation with RH only in the rainy period. Leukocytes, erythrocytes and the globular volume did not correlate with AT, RH and BGHI. Only hemoglobin presented a significant and negative (P<0.05) correlation with RH. Cortisol did not correlate with AT, RH and BGHI. T3 and T4 correlated negatively with AT and BGHI, and positively with RH. We concluded that regardless of the season, Murrah buffaloes are subject to a hostile environment, and that the less rainy period is the most conducive to cause heat stress. The transition period caused less impact on the hormonal variables. It can be considered as the period with the best thermal comfort. Forestation of pasture areas is sufficient to increase comfort and consequently improve the productive performance of the animals, especially during the afternoon.

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