O déficit habitacional brasileiro atual é estimado em cerca 7,2 milhões de moradias que corresponde a 12,8% do total de domicílios do país, de acordo com dados da última Pesquisa Nacional de Amostragem de Domicílios (PNAD) realizada pelo IBGE em 2007. Não obstante a situação do déficit habitacional apresentada seja preocupante, os dados da última PNAD mostram avanços, principalmente na linha da redução absoluta do déficit. Considerando uma comparação em termos relativos, um bom indicativo da redução deste déficit se obtém quando são cotejados os anos de 2001 e 2007 onde foi constatado que o déficit recuou de 15,7% para 12,8% do total de domicílios no país. A manutenção desta trajetória de queda é um desafio que precisa ser vencido e a construção civil tem um papel importante a desempenhar neste processo. Este papel tem impactos no curto prazo, com a geração de empregos, e no longo prazo, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Nesta particular, a discussão sobre processos construtivos que possibilitem a redução gradual do déficit habitacional com estratégias tecnológicas sustentáveis tanto do ponto de vista econômico quanto ambiental tem ganhado importante espaço na discussão técnico-científica no país. O presente trabalho promoveu o estudo comparativo de três alternativas tecnológicas para a construção de habitações de interesse social, a saber: Sistema Construtivo em Alvenaria Estrutural (Blocos cerâmicos e de concreto), Sistema Construtivo com Paredes de Gesso e Sistema Construtivo com Painéis Monolíticos de Poliestireno Expandido (EPS). Foi eleita uma geometria típica de edificação com 42,3 m2 que é usualmente utilizada em programas governamentais de redução do déficit habitacional, sobre a qual foram identificados os custos de construção específicos de cada sistema estudado. Foram examinadas as características de cada um dos sistemas, ressaltando suas potencialidades, vantagens e desvantagens e foram também apropriados os custos de construção com levantamento detalhado dos insumos necessários à execução dos mesmos. Os resultados obtidos apontam que, do ponto de vista do custo de implantação, o Sistema Construtivo em Alvenaria de Blocos Cerâmicos apresentou os melhores resultados / The current Brazilian housings deficit is about 7,2 million of housings which is equivalent to 12,8% of the total of domiciles of the country, in accordance with the last National Research of Sampling of Domiciles (PNAD) carried through by the IBGE in 2008. Although Brazilian housing deficit should be considered an important problem to deal with, data from last PNAD indicates advances, mainly in the direction of the absolute reduction of the deficit. If one considers a comparison in relative bases, a good indicator of the reduction of this deficit can be obtained analyzing data from 2001 and 2007 years, where it was verified a fall trend from 15,7% for 12,8% of the total of domiciles in the country. To keep this fall trajectory means a difficult challenge that must be overcome and building industry plays an important role in this process. Its action provides short term impacts, with the generation of several jobs, and long term impacts, contributing to improve quality of life of the people. In this context, the discussion about building processes that can be used to obtain gradual reduction of the housings deficit associated with economical and environmental sustainable strategies has become an important and attractive subject to scientific studies in the country. The present work performed a comparative study of three technological alternatives for building social interest houses (low cost house), namely: Building system using structural masonry walls with concrete or ceramic units, Building system with gypsum walls and Building System with expanded polystyrene panel walls. An usual geometry, of the building with 42,3 m2 in area was chose because it represents the typology often used in government programs to reduce housings deficit in Brazil. Using this archetype buildings cost were identified and analyzed for each one of the building systems studied. The features of each system were examined, standing out its potentialities, advantages and disadvantages and a detailed budget (quantities and prices) was elaborated. Obtained results showed that from the point of view of building costs alone the Building system made with structural ceramic units presented lowest costs

This essays main focus is to further develop the understanding and describe six different types of tenure. The essay investigate similarities and differences between the types of tenure on the Stockholm housing market. The most common types of leaseholds, ownership apartments, and rental apartments will be described but and also new types of leases will be described. Such as cooperative rental apartments, condominiums, low purchase price apartments and rental purchases. The latter two are new forms of types of ownership and have emerged as an attempt by developers to bring young adults and low-wage earners into the housing market. Firstly, The qQuestion formulations in this essay are constructed to investigate similarities and differences which exist between the different forms of submission. Secondly, the questions target what kind of current costs for housing and the non-recurrent costs for purchasing. Finally, the purposes for the introduction of the new forms of leasing. The study has been conducted through literature studies and also interviews with market developers. Therefore, based on the study questions, respondents have answered the basis for our presentation and discussion of a descriptive analysis of the various forms of submission. Based on the results of the study, it can be clarified that the rental apartments can be the most advantageous in terms of the cost. But then it is taken into account that the queue is about 10 years for getting an apartment. Further, the results indicate that individuals that has a capital and the opportunity to purchase a ownership apart, the queue isn’t a matter and the individual has an opportunity to make a profit or loss on a later sale of the residence. Taking account to amortization of loans, an ownership apartment can be most advantageous from an economic perspective. Condominiums has been found to have a relatively low fee but the monthly cost become relatively high depending on the high purchase price. The results of this study shows that co-operative rental apartments have been found to have a low monthly cost. But the problem is that they are bothered by a long queue and also that the individual is dependent of a input gains. The two new types of low purchase price apartments and rental purchases on the market are so newly established which makes it difficult to make an accurately interpret of their impact on the housing market today. / I denna uppsats beskrivs sex olika upplåtelseformer och undersöker likheter och skillnader dem emellan på Stockholms bostadsmarknad. Dels kommer de vanligaste upplåtelseformerna bostadsrätter och hyresrätter beskrivas men även nya upplåtelseformer såsom kooperativa hyresrätter, ägarlägenheter, låginsatslägenheter samt hyrköp. De två sistnämnda är nya upplåtelseformer som uppkommit som ett försök av aktörer att få in unga vuxna och låginkomsttagare på bostadsmarknaden. Frågeställningar som kommer tas upp i arbetet är vilka likheter och skillnader det finns mellan de olika upplåtelseformerna. Vilka olika fasta och löpande kostnader som uppkommer i de olika upplåtelseformerna samt vilka syften som finns med införandet av de nya upplåtelseformerna. Genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer med aktörer har studiens frågeställningar besvarats och ligger till grund för presentation och diskussion av en beskrivande analys de olika upplåtelseformerna. Utifrån studiens resultat kan det konstateras att hyresrätten kan vara mest förmånlig med tanke på kostnaden, i beräkningarna bör det dock beaktas att kötiden är ungefär 10 år. Har individen ett kapital och möjlighet att förvärva en bostad är inte individen beroende av någon kötid, då finns det även möjlighet till att göra en vinst eller förlust på en senare försäljning av bostaden. Räknas amortering på lån bort kan en bostadsrätt vara mest fördelaktig från ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Ägarlägenhet har visat sig ha en relativt låg avgift men månadskostnaden har blivit relativt hög beroende av den höga köpeskillingen. Kooperativa hyresrätter har i vår studie visat sig ha en låg månadskostnad men besväras av en lång kötid och individen är beroende av ett kapital för att kunna bosätta sig i den upplåtelseformen. De två nya upplåtelseformerna låginsatslägenhet och hyrköp är så pass nyetablerade att de har varit vanskligt att göra en exakt tolkning av dess påverkan på bostadsmarknaden.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-10-16T17:59:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_angela_cristina_alves_guimaraes_souza.pdf: 8756342 bytes, checksum: ae03a7dd2cc8df28c80c13abd75170af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T17:59:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_angela_cristina_alves_guimaraes_souza.pdf: 8756342 bytes, checksum: ae03a7dd2cc8df28c80c13abd75170af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-01 / The current Brazilian housings deficit is about 7,2 million of housings which is equivalent to 12,8% of the total of domiciles of the country, in accordance with the last National Research of Sampling of Domiciles (PNAD) carried through by the IBGE in 2008. Although Brazilian housing deficit should be considered an important problem to deal with, data from last PNAD indicates advances, mainly in the direction of the absolute reduction of the deficit. If one considers a comparison in relative bases, a good indicator of the reduction of this deficit can be obtained analyzing data from 2001 and 2007 years, where it was verified a fall trend from 15,7% for 12,8% of the total of domiciles in the country. To keep this fall trajectory means a difficult challenge that must be overcome and building industry plays an important role in this process. Its action provides short term impacts, with the generation of several jobs, and long term impacts, contributing to improve quality of life of the people. In this context, the discussion about building processes that can be used to obtain gradual reduction of the housings deficit associated with economical and environmental sustainable strategies has become an important and attractive subject to scientific studies in the country. The present work performed a comparative study of three technological alternatives for building social interest houses (low cost house), namely: Building system using structural masonry walls with concrete or ceramic units, Building system with gypsum walls and Building System with expanded polystyrene panel walls. An usual geometry, of the building with 42,3 m2 in area was chose because it represents the typology often used in government programs to reduce housings deficit in Brazil. Using this archetype buildings cost were identified and analyzed for each one of the building systems studied. The features of each system were examined, standing out its potentialities, advantages and disadvantages and a detailed budget (quantities and prices) was elaborated. Obtained results showed that from the point of view of building costs alone the Building system made with structural ceramic units presented lowest costs. / O déficit habitacional brasileiro atual é estimado em cerca 7,2 milhões de moradias que corresponde a 12,8% do total de domicílios do país, de acordo com dados da última Pesquisa Nacional de Amostragem de Domicílios (PNAD) realizada pelo IBGE em 2007. Não obstante a situação do déficit habitacional apresentada seja preocupante, os dados da última PNAD mostram avanços, principalmente na linha da redução absoluta do déficit. Considerando uma comparação em termos relativos, um bom indicativo da redução deste déficit se obtém quando são cotejados os anos de 2001 e 2007 onde foi constatado que o déficit recuou de 15,7% para 12,8% do total de domicílios no país. A manutenção desta trajetória de queda é um desafio que precisa ser vencido e a construção civil tem um papel importante a desempenhar neste processo. Este papel tem impactos no curto prazo, com a geração de empregos, e no longo prazo, contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Nesta particular, a discussão sobre processos construtivos que possibilitem a redução gradual do déficit habitacional com estratégias tecnológicas sustentáveis tanto do ponto de vista econômico quanto ambiental tem ganhado importante espaço na discussão técnico-científica no país. O presente trabalho promoveu o estudo comparativo de três alternativas tecnológicas para a construção de habitações de interesse social, a saber: Sistema Construtivo em Alvenaria Estrutural (Blocos cerâmicos e de concreto), Sistema Construtivo com Paredes de Gesso e Sistema Construtivo com Painéis Monolíticos de Poliestireno Expandido (EPS). Foi eleita uma geometria típica de edificação com 42,3 m2 que é usualmente utilizada em programas governamentais de redução do déficit habitacional, sobre a qual foram identificados os custos de construção específicos de cada sistema estudado. Foram examinadas as características de cada um dos sistemas, ressaltando suas potencialidades, vantagens e desvantagens e foram também apropriados os custos de construção com levantamento detalhado dos insumos necessários à execução dos mesmos. Os resultados obtidos apontam que, do ponto de vista do custo de implantação, o Sistema Construtivo em Alvenaria de Blocos Cerâmicos apresentou os melhores resultados.