The focus of this dissertation is on existing housing areas: in industrialised western countries, in 2005, the number of existing buildings that are taken care of, maintained, repaired, renovated or restructured for other functions is higher than the number of buildings that are (new) built. This is a review dissertation, based on empirical material and further reflections from previous research projects dealing with Swedish housing renovation: private-owned old single-family housing areas and large housing areas from the 1950s, 60s and 70s, mainly owned by housing companies. The concepts of careful renovation, environmentally-friendly renovation and sustainable renovation are analysed as different approaches to housing renovation. The aim is to present an interpretation of sustainable renovation that includes the goals both of careful renovation and of environmentally-friendly renovation as necessary components of sustainable development. This dissertation identifies and analyses the main issues that may be faced during renovation and that have a relevant impact on the environment, the architecture or the inhabitants, and describes the renovation actions that have been used in the studied projects. It concludes with reflections about positive results, incongruities and challenges that may be found in projects of sustainable renovation. / QC 20100928

Renovation of the existing buildings in Sweden represents a great potential to achieve the energy efficiency and carbon emission targets set by the European Union and the Swedish government. The Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) is regarded as an efficient way to manage and to outsource the risks of energy efficiency (EE) measures. The thesis aims to identify the theoretical framework of EPC in the Swedish scenario and, through a real case, develop a model that relates EE measures and its results considering the capital investment versus running costs of renovation projects. The work is based on the incorporation with the Morastrand AB. The research expects to assess EPC processes and measures as in Energy Service Companies (ESCO) and consequently help in the decision making and the management of the projects. The thesis is composed of two parts. The first part identifies the theoretical framework of energy contract models focusing on the EPC, while a case study with Morastrand AB is subsequently presented. It is suggested one approach for the preliminary comparison of different renovation measures in EE projects, corresponding to the first step of the planning phase of an EPC. General recommendations and sensitive factors were identified and can assist Morastrand AB to effectively implement EE projects in the future. For orienting investments, the Lifecycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is a method to study solutions under economic aspects and further it can be extended to the complete Lifecycle Assessment of the upcoming projects. The theoretical framework of the EPC is composed by identifying the projects, performing the technical analysis, determinizing the potential in energy savings, deepening the analysis with auditions, tendering the project, designing and executing the project, commissioning, operating and supporting the systems with constant monitoring and maintenance. The biggest challenge for the EPC in Sweden is the relation between the ESCOs and their clients. The figure of the facilitator could improve the results and balance the knowledge gap between the parts. The actors of these projects are the ESCO, the client, the facilitator and the financing part. In Sweden, very frequently the client finances the operation. There are a few models of contracting, and the most popular are guaranteed savings and shared savings. The thesis performed the LCCA of three options for window replacement in a building at the end of its lifespan. The results show that the trends in prices and interest rates are sensitive factors. In this case, the projects with higher initial investments were more profitable. Those solutions can shield the company against energy prices escalates and contribute to the green policies.

Pastarąjį dešimtmetį daugiabučių namų atnaujinimo (modernizavimo) efektyvumas tampa vis aktualesne problema. Apie efektyvumą dažnai kalbama neobjektyviai, atsižvelgiant tik į sumažėjusias šildymo sąskaitas. Taigi visuomenės požiūriu natūraliai kyla klausimas, ar visi atnaujinimo projektai yra ekonomiškai efektyvūs. Šio darbo tikslas – išsamiai susipažinti su daugiabučių namų atnaujinimo procesu Lietuvoje ir, išnagrinėjus jau įgyvendintų atnaujinimo projektų stebėsenos analizių duomenis, nustatyti efektyviausias atnaujinimo priemones ir priemonių derinius. Baigiamąjį darbą sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai ir išvados bei pasiūlymai. Pirmame, literatūros analizės, skyriuje aptariamas Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių daugiabučių namų atnaujinimo aktualumas, atnaujinimo ir jo efektyvumo vertinimo galimybės bei metodai. Antrame skyriuje apžvelgiama būsto atnaujinimo situacija Lietuvoje, šiuo metu vykstantis atnaujinimo procesas ir jo plėtros kryptys. Trečiame skyriuje atliekami empiriniai būsto atnaujinimo efektyvumo tyrimai. Pirmoje tyrimų dalyje, taikant daugiakriterius SAW, COPRAS ir TOPSIS metodus, nustatoma racionaliausia atnaujinimo priemonė. Antroje dalyje atliekamas analitinis būsto atnaujinimo priemonių efektyvumo tyrimas, naudojantis modernizuotų pastatų stebėsenos rezultatais 2009–2010m. laikotarpiu. Nagrinėjant sistemingai parinktų 10 projektų duomenis, nustatomos efektyviausios atnaujinimo priemonės, efektyviausi atnaujinimo priemonių deriniai, sėkmingiausi modernizacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Over the last decade, multi-apartment renovation (modernization) is becoming a significant problem. The efficiency is mostly discussed as a reduced heating bills. Naturally the question for the society arises whether all renewal projects are cost – effective. The aim of this work is to discuss economic evaluation indicators, to determine the most effective methods of renewal and method combinations. This work consists of an introduction, three chapters and the conclusions with recommendations. The first section – literature analysis, which analyzes the Lithuanian and foreign counties renovation process and its relevance. The second chapter provides an overview of the renovation situation in Lithuania and its future development. In the third chapter the empirical housing renovation efficiency research is conducted. In first part of research using multicriteria SAW, and TOPSIS COPRAS methods, the most rational way of renewal is determined. In the second part using housing renovation monitoring results of 2009 and 2010 period, the analytical housing renewal study is performed to identify the most effective way of renewal. Analysis of 10 projects data helps to determine the most effective methods of renewal and method combinations. The work is based on the Lithuanian and foreign scientific publications, the experience of EU countries renewal process, housing and urban development agency (now – home energy conservation agency) developed monitoring reports. Expert interviews... [to full text]