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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Resposta a Estresses Consecutivos em Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

COSTA, A. C. T. 09 March 2017 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10830_Dissertação_Ane Catarine Tosi Costa.pdf: 1708151 bytes, checksum: 864bf59fdffed1b6179cb9c87c5f7593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae desempenha um papel importante na indústria, devido a sua alta capacidade fermentativa. Durante a fermentação há mudanças constantes nas condições do meio, expondo as leveduras a uma série de estresses simultâneos ou sequenciais e uma adaptação eficiente pode levar a aumento da produtividade e um consequente aperfeiçoamento do seu desempenho fermentativo. Em S. cerevisiae, a adaptação envolve uma mobilização organizada de genes denominada resposta ao estresse ambiental (ESR). Hsp12 é uma proteína pertencente a famílias das proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) e esta, além de manter a organização interna da célula e aumentar a flexibilidade da parede celular e membrana plasmática, é utilizada como gene repórter de estresse, pois sua indução é em grande parte através da ESR já sendo utilizada como um marcador do status de estresse em leveduras. Assim o presente trabalho delineou um protocolo de estudos de estresses consecutivos afim de avaliar modificações morfológicas e produção da proteína Hsp12 em S.cerevisiae. Os resultados mostraram uma variação semelhante de tamanho das células-mães e filhas nos estresses sucessivos comparada ao crescimento dessas células em meio sem adição de estresses. A parada no ciclo celular também foi uma característica observada em ambas as células em estresses consecutivos. A produção de Hsp12 foi maior em resposta ao estresse osmótico comparado aos estresses oxidativo e alcoólico nos tratamentos isolados, mas a concentração desta proteína nos dois últimos foi aumentada quando a célula foi exposta aos estresses consecutivos. Esse aumento pode ser justificado pela proteção cruzada da célula adquirida após o contato com uma solução com alta osmolaridade. A diferença nos resultados da resposta a estresses isolados e sucessivos constata que esta metodologia é mais eficaz para entender o comportamento da célula, pois se assemelha ao ambiente nas dornas de fermentação.
2

Production, purification et caractérisation de la protéine Hsp 12 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, une protéine impliquée dans la sucrosité du vin. / Production, purification and characterization of the Hsp12 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a protein involved in the sweetness of wine.

Léger, Antoine 19 November 2019 (has links)
La protéine Hsp12 est une protéine de choc thermique (12 kDa) exprimée par la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et associée à la réponse au stress. En effet, il a été montré que les transcrits du gène HSP12 sont exprimés en réponse à différents stress. De plus, la protéine Hsp12 serait responsable de la sucrosité du vin observée au cours de l’autolyse des levures lors de la vinification. Cependant, le goût sucré pourrait provenir de la protéine Hsp12 entière, ou, d’un ou plusieurs peptides issus de la protéine Hsp12. L’objectif de cette étude était d’obtenir la protéine Hsp12 native pure à partir de culture de Saccharomyces cerevisiae afin de comprendre son rôle, d’une part dans la réponse au stress chez la levure et, d’autre part dans la sucrosité du vin.Des cultures de la souche œnologique Fx10 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae ont été réalisées afin d’étudier la protéine Hsp12 native. La production de la protéine Hsp12 en réponse à différents stress a été étudiée au cours des cultures, grâce à un dosage ELISA développé lors de cette étude. Il a ainsi été mis en évidence que la protéine Hsp12 est produite en quantités significativement supérieures en réponse à des stress thermiques et osmotiques. Le stress éthanolique quant à lui entraine une diminution de la quantité de protéine Hsp12. La protéine Hsp12 native extraite à partir des cultures a été purifiée. Un procédé de purification en 3 étapes a été développé. Plusieurs résines et conditions chromatographiques ont été criblées en microplaques. La résine en mode mixte PPA HyperCel a permis d’éliminer des contaminants majeurs grâce à sa sélectivité. La chromatographie d’exclusion stérique a permis d’éliminer les contaminants restants et ainsi d’obtenir la protéine Hsp12 native avec une pureté de 99%. Différentes techniques biophysiques et calorimétriques ont permis de caractériser la protéine Hsp12 native purifiée, en présence de membranes modèles. Il a ainsi été démontré que la protéine Hsp12 est une protéine intrinsèquement non ordonnée (intrinsically disordered protein - IDP). Elle est caractérisée par l’absence de structures secondaires en solution aqueuse et par la formation d’hélices α en présence de SDS et du phospholipide PiP2. La liaison avec le PiP2 suggère un rôle dans la stabilisation de la membrane plasmique des levures. La protéine Hsp12 pourrait ainsi avoir un rôle de chaperonne de membrane. Une caractérisation organoleptique de la protéine Hsp12 native purifiée a également été réalisée. Il apparait que la protéine Hsp12 entière n’est pas responsable de la sucrosité mais plutôt un ou des peptides issus sa digestion enzymatique. / Hsp12 is a heat shock protein (12 kDa) expressed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and associated with the stress response. Indeed, it has been shown that transcripts of the HSP12 gene are expressed in response to different stresses. In addition, the protein Hsp12 would be responsible for the sweetness of wine observed during the autolysis of yeasts during vinification. However, the sweet taste could come from the entire Hsp12, or from one or more peptides derived from Hsp12. The objective of this study was to obtain the pure native Hsp12 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture in order to understand its role, on the one hand in the stress response in yeast and on the other hand in the sweetness of wine.Cultures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fx10 enological strain were made to study the native Hsp12 protein. The production of the Hsp12 protein in response to different stresses was studied during the cultures, thanks to an ELISA assay developed during this study. It has thus been demonstrated that the Hsp12 protein is produced in significantly greater quantities in response to thermal and osmotic stress. Ethanol stress causes a decrease in the amount of Hsp12 protein. The native Hsp12 protein extracted from the cultures was purified. A 3-step purification process has been developed. Several resins and chromatographic conditions were screened in microplates. PPA HyperCel mixed-mode resin has eliminated major contaminants due to its selectivity. Steric exclusion chromatography allowed the removal of remaining contaminants and thus obtain the native Hsp12 protein with a purity of 99%. Various biophysical and calorimetric techniques were used to characterize the purified native Hsp12 protein in the presence of model membranes. It has thus been demonstrated that the Hsp12 protein is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). It is characterized by the absence of secondary structures in aqueous solution and by the formation of α helices in the presence of SDS and phospholipid PiP2. The binding with PiP2 suggests a role in the stabilization of the plasma membrane of yeasts. The Hsp12 protein could thus act as a membrane chaperone. Organoleptic characterization of the purified native Hsp12 protein was also performed. It appears that the entire Hsp12 protein is not responsible for the sweetness but rather one or more peptides resulting from its enzymatic digestion.

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