Cette recherche questionne les usages des interfaces graphiques et tactiles d’un hub Apple conduisant à l’interférence de deux espaces de communication: le premier part d’un dispositif WIMP (d’un Mac, de son système d’exploitation Mac OS X et d’une application tierce) et le second d’un dispositif post-WIMP (d’un iPad, de son système iOS et d’une application intégrée au support). La question porte sur les effets de cette interférence sur les pratiques d’usage. La recherche s’appuie en parallèle et de manière complémentaire sur l’analyse écranique et tactile de ce qui est modélisé et prescrit par les médiatisateurs, et sur l’étude de la manière dont des usagers instrumentent ou non ce qui leur est proposé, en usant d’une certaine marge de liberté et créativité. L’articulation de ces deux niveaux conduit à reconsidérer la question de la médiatisation de schèmes organisateurs d’actions, et de leur régulation en termes de normes d’actions communicationnelles aux niveaux industriels, culturels, comme au niveau plus fondamental de la cognition qui en est à l’origine. La dimension communicationnelle de la recherche tient aux enseignements qu’elle tire de la manière dont, au croisement des approches ergonomiques, psychologiques et cognitives, se déploie la dimension relationnelle des échanges et interactions entre différents acteurs. / AThis research calls into question the use of the graphical and the tactile interfaces of an Apple hub, in the sense that this hub leads to interference between two areas of communication. The first starts from a WIMP device (a Mac, its exploitation system Mac OS X, and a third party application). The second starts from a post-WIMP device (an iPad, its iOS system, and a built-in application). The question at issue bears on the effects of this interference on user practices. In parallel and complementary fashion, the research is based on the analysis of the model, both screen and tactile, envisioned and prescribed by the designers of the devices, as well as on an analysis of the manner in which users actually employ in instrumental fashion (or not) what is offered to them, while using a certain margin of freedom and creativity. The articulation of these two levels leads to a reconsideration of the question of how the designers initially conceived organizing patterns (specific schemas) and its regulation in terms of action norms for communication, on the industrial and cultural level, as well as on the more fundamental level of cognition from which they originate.The communicational dimension of the research is concerned with the insights which can be drawn from the manner in which, at the crossroads of ergonomic, psychological and cognitive approaches, a relational dimension develops in the exchanges and interactions of the various actors.

Zugl.: Kaiserslautern, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Diss. TU Delft, 2006.

Thesis (MTech( Electrical Engineering)) -- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012 / Due to the complex design of existing electric mobility vehicles in South Africa and their imported parts, make them unaffordable to the majority of disabled people in South Africa. The traditional electric units are also not practical for use in rural areas due to the heavy, bulky design. The scope of this study was to investigate various designs using existing wheelchair frame designs, low cost three phase hub motors and various electronic techniques to achieve the desired functionality. An attempt was be made to remove inefficient and expensive DC brush motors and the gear boxes associated with the traditional design of wheelchairs, while still allowing the unit to fold like the traditional manual chair design. One of the aims for this electric wheelchair was to utilise existing large radius wheels, typical of manual wheelchairs and a modified traditional frame design, providing the clearance often necessary to overcome rough terrain whilst enabling the chair to be used as a manual wheelchair should the battery fail. One of the primary aims of the project was to develop a method for an electric assist feature built into the modified electric wheelchair, whereby the force applied to the manual pushrims on the wheels would be measured and the electric component would proportionally assist the user. This option suits the users who are weak but not physically disabled. One of the many focal points here would be on HIV/AIDS patients, which is prevalent in South Africa, who may require a wheelchair when debilitated with this disease. The electric assist portion of the design would act similarly to a wireless self-powered torque sensor, allowing for an array of applications besides the electric assist portion of this project. A recent survey by National Government indicated that over 85% of wheelchair users only generated an income of between R0 – R500 per month. Low state disability grants and wage figures for disabled and HIV/AIDS patients mean that electric mobility vehicles have become a luxury rather than an essential commodity in South Africa. The need for cheap electric wheelchairs that could cope with the rural terrain and could be fitted onto existing manual wheelchairs offering the full manual operation should the batteries go flat, was clearly apparent. The cost of an electric wheelchair ranges from R18 000 with more advanced models escalating in price to well over R150 000. These prices were typically the result of the complexity of the unit and local wheelchair manufacturers having to import 80% of their parts from abroad. The largest local manufacturer is CE Mobility which is the dominant mobility vehicle supplier in Southern Africa and has the only SABS approved units for sale. Our complete redesigned wheelchair including the manual frame supplied by an existing supplier would only cost R9 000. A prototype demonstrated that is was possible to build a wheelchair that meets all these criteria. A cost effective unit could provide a solution to assist and enable economically challenged and disabled people in rural areas of Southern Africa.

The thesis deals with the design and production technology of the front hub for a mountain bike. The research focuses primarily on the various control systems of CNC machining apparatuses. The second chapter is devoted to the elemental differentiation of hubs, the concept of personal design of the hub, and the characteristics of the materials for its production and its verification using the FEM analysis. The third chapter deals with the design of a workpiece, instruments and the manufacturing process itself. The design of an NC program constructed in the SinuTrain 4.8. software is dealt with in the fourth chapter. The last part is devoted to the technical and economic evaluation of the proposed solution.

Starka utvecklingstrender för tunga vägtransporter är elektrifiering, automation och autonomi. De stora moment- och effektbehoven vid tunga vägtransporter medför stora svårigheter vid elektrifiering av lastbilar. Och autonoma fordon medför stora säkerhets- och tillförlitlighetsutmaningar.  Det här examensarbetet i maskinkonstruktion genomfördes under vårterminen 2020 på KTH och syftar till att ta fram ett koncept för en elektrisk drivlina av typen central drive. Vi har valt att fokusera på att ta fram en uppsättning sensorer som kan möjliggöra autonoma vägtransporter, samt ta fram en modell för ett mekaniskt skydd till en av dessa sensorer.  För att avgöra vilka typer av, hur många, samt vart sensorerna ska placeras, identifieras först de tillstånd som behöver övervakas för autonomi. En kravspecifikation över vad sensorerna måste klara av upprättas, därefter utvärderas fem sensoruppsättningar mot varandra.  En modell av ett skyddshölje och en kraschbåge tas fram för att skydda uppsättningens dyraste komponent. / A big trend in the trucking industry is to move towards electrification, automation and autonomy. The massive torque and power requirements in heavy duty transportation are causing major issues when constructing an electric truck. On the other hand, with autonomus vehicles comes major safety- and reliability challenges.  This report in mechanical design was completed during the spring semester 2020 at KTH. The purpose of the report is to produce a conceptual design of a central drive powertrain to a BEV. Our focus is to decide on a sensor network that enables autonomous transports, our focus also aims to produce a model of a mechanical casing to one of the sensors.  To decide on which type, how many and where to place the sensors, the states which have to be monitored to enable autonomy first needs to be identified. A requirement specification of the sensors is decided upon, then five sensor networks are evaluated next to one another.  A model of a casing and a roll cage is developed to protect the most expensive component of the system.

Le problème de localisation de hubs et tournées combinées (Hub Location-Routing Problem, HLRP), concerne la conception d’un réseau de transport performant entre de nombreuses origines (fournisseurs) et destinations (clients). Ce système est basé sur la localisation de plates formes (hubs) permettant de concentrer les flux et l’organisation de tournées pour la collecte des marchandises des fournisseurs et la distribution vers les clients. Nous étudions le cas spécifique du HLRP à capacités et allocations uniques (CSAHLRP) et de processus de tournées de collecte et distribution séparés. Nous proposons un modèle de programmation linéaire mixte (MILP) et un Algorithme Mémétique (MA) pour ce problème en vue de la minimisation du coût total du réseau de transport. De plus, nous étendons le modèle MILP pour le cas bi-objectif afin de minimiser à la fois le coût total et les émissions de CO2 du transport. Notre algorithme Mémétique (MA) et adapté et combiné à un algorithme génétique de tri non-dominé élitiste rapide (NSGAII) afin de déterminer des approximations du front de Pareto. Enfin, nous proposons une procédure en deux phases pour résoudre le HLRP mono objectif, comportant la résolution du problème de localisation des hubs (HLP) suivi pour chaque hub de la résolution de deux problèmes de tournées relatifs à la collecte et la livraison. Notre modèle MILP mono objectif est décomposé et notre MA est adapté pour résoudre le problème suivant ces deux étapes. Un ensemble d’instances de différents tailles et caractéristiques a été développée afin de conduire des expérimentations et de valider nos approches de résolution de ces différents problèmes. / We study the Hub Location-Routing Problem (HLRP) aiming at the design of an efficient freight transportation network for LTL (less-than-truck) transport between many origins (suppliers) and destinations (clients). Such a network relies on the location of consolidation hubs, the organization of routings for the collection/distribution of freight from suppliers to hubs and from hubs to clients, as well as direct shipment of consolidated freight between hubs. We focus on the Capacitated Single Allocation Hub Location-Routing Problem (CSAHLRP) in the case of distinct collection and delivery processes. We propose mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model and a Memetic Algorithm (MA) to solve the problem for minimizing the total cost of the network. Then we extend the model into a bi-objective model for minimizing both the total cost and CO2 emissions of transport. A modified memetic algorithm (MA) combined with a fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGAII) is developed to capture the trade-off between minimizing total cost and CO2 emissions and exhibit approximations of the Pareto front. At last, a two step procedure is proposed to solve the single-objective HLRP based on a hub location problem (HLP) and two distinct vehicle routing problems for suppliers and clients allocated to each hub by the first step. Our single objective MILP model is decomposed accordingly and our MA is adapted to solve the HLRP following these two steps. A data base of instances of different sizes and characteristics has been developed in order to conduct extensive experiments for solving all these problems using the different solution techniques and validate our approaches.

A multi-speed drive hub is one of important components in transmission system. The purpose of this work is to develop a system methodology for the design of multi-speed bicycle drive hubs. First, analyse multi-speed drive hub patents to identify the basic characteristics and design requirement of multi-speed drive hub. Second, using a systematized mathod to synthesize the feasible gear trains. Third, a method is proposed to determine the feasible multi-speed sequence tables for each gear train. Fourth, an analytic method is formulated to synthesize the gear ratios and gear teeth according to a set of desired speed ratios. Fifth, design and dispose governors of multi-speed drive hubs. The results of this work will be benefit to the development and design of multi-speed bicycle drive hubs.

The wheelchair is an auxiliary tool for people who have defective legs. In comparison with the power wheelchair, the manual wheelchair has the advantage of low price and easy carrying. The regular, standard manual wheelchair is only suitable for residential environment and short-distance movement, and it¡¦s unsuitable for outdoor recreation and long-distance movement. The purpose of this study is to develop the manual wheelchair for outdoor recreation and long-distance movement, so that the users can expand their living space beyond the residential areas. In order to enhance the efficiency of propulsion for manual wheelchairs, a systematic designing method for propulsive mechanisms is proposed in this study in which the propulsive way of the traditional manual wheelchair is replaced by propelling the propulsive mechanism. In order to let the wheelchair be adapted to all kinds of environments, the multi-speed drive hub is applied to the manual wheelchair to enhance the users¡¦ force with more flexibility. In addition, this study also designs and manufactures a wheelchair to test the functions. The results of the test are then recorded and examined to provide the references for the future design.

­^¤åºK­n A multi-speed drive hub is one of important components in transmission system. The purpose of this work is to develop a system methodology for the design of multi-speed bicycle drive hubs by using a concept of combination. First, identify the basic characteristics and design requirement of combinative multi-speed drive hub. Second, using three combinative the useful gear trains. Third, a method is proposed to determine the feasible multi-speed sequence tables for each gear train. Fourth, an analytic method is formulated to synthesize the gear ratios and gear teeth according to a set of desired speed ratios. Fifth, a computer programs developed for the automatic analysis the transmission performance of drive hubs. The results of this work will be benefit to the development and design of multi-speed bicycle drive hubs.