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published_or_final_version / abstract / Physics / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-81). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis--Indiana University. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:59:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11869_Dissertação David Francisco Camarena Torres - PPGFis.pdf: 3693932 bytes, checksum: d4dbee4c7e7b629e6aee4ab2ede4044e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Existe uma tensão ao redor de 3.4σ entre as determinações globais e locais da constante de Hubble H0 fornecidas por observações de supernovas de tipo Ia [1] e da radiação cósmica de fundo [2], respectivamente. Esta tensão não pode ser explicada pelo modelo de concordança ΛCDM e ela poderia ser produzida por erros sistemáticos desconhecidos na calibração da escadaria cósmica ou na análise da radiação cósmica de fundo. Contudo, na ausência destes erros, a tensão poderia ser uma sugestão da existência de física além do modelo ΛCDM. Por outro lado, é bem sabido que a teoria linear de perturbações prevê uma variância cósmica sobre o parâmetro de Hubble H0, produzida pelas velocidades peculiares e estruturas locais, que conduz a um erro sistemático na determinações locais de H0. No presente trabalho, nós consideramos a variância cósmica, prevista pela teoria de perturbações lineares, na presença de uma energia escura não padrão, com o fim de calcular o erro sistemático sobre a taxa de Hubble local. A energia escura não padrão é representada pelo modelo de quintessência e pelas parametrizações γCDM, γwCDM e γaCDM. Logo, nós incluímos o erro sistemático na análise estatística Bayesiana que usa dados da radiação cósmica de fundo, oscilações acústicas dos bárions, supernovas de tipo Ia, distorções no espaço de redshift e H0locl . Assim, nós mostramos o efeito da variância cósmica na determinação de parâmetros cosmológicos e o problema de tensão. Finalmente, nós realizamos a seleção de modelos usando os critérios de seleção AIC e BIC e também mostramos como o erro sistemático, fornecido pelos modelos de energia escura não padrão, poderia ajudar a aliviar a atual tensão nas determinações de H0.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The matter power spectrum is key to understanding the growth of large-scale structure in the Universe. Upcoming surveys of galaxies in the optical and HI will probe increasingly large scales, approaching and even exceeding the Hubble scale at the survey redshifts. On these cosmological scales, surveys can in principle provide the best constraints on dark energy (DE) and modified gravity models and will be able to test general relativity itself. However, in order to realise the potential of these surveys, we need to ensure that we are using a correct analysis, i.e. a general relativistic analysis, on cosmological scales. There are two fundamental issues underlying the general relativistic (GR) analysis. Firstly, we need to correctly identify the galaxy overdensity that is observed on the past light cone. Secondly, we need to account for all the distortions arising from observing on the past light cone, including redshift distortions (with all general relativistic effects included) and volume distortions. These general elativistic effects appear in the angular power spectra of matter in redshift space. We compute these quantities, taking into account all general relativistic large-scale effects, and including the important contributions from redshift space distortions and lensing convergence. This is done for self-consistent models of DE, known as ‘quintessence’, which have only been very recently treated in the GR approach. Particularly, we focus mainly on computing the predictions (i.e. the power spectra) that need to be confronted with future data. Hence we compute the GR angular power spectra, correcting the 3D Newtonian calculation for several quintessence models. We also compute the observed 3D power spectra for interacting DE (which until now have not previously been studied in the GR approach) – in which dark matter and DE exchange energy and momentum. Interaction in the dark sector can lead to large-scale deviations in the power spectrum, similar to GR effects or modified gravity. For the quintessence case, we found that the DE perturbations make only a small contribution on the largest scales, and a negligible contribution on smaller scales. Ironically, the DE perturbations remove the false boost of large-scale power that arises if we impose the (unphysical) assumption that the DE perturbations vanish. However, for the interacting DE (IDE) case, we found that if relativistic effects are ignored, i.e. if they are not subtracted in order to isolate the IDE effects, the imprint of IDE will be incorrectly identified – which could lead to a bias in constraints on IDE, on horizon scales. Moreover, we found that on super-Hubble scales, GR corrections in the observed galaxy power spectrum are able to distinguish a homogeneous DE (being one whose density perturbation in comoving gauge vanishes) from the concordance model (and from a clustering DE) – at low redshifts and for high magnification bias. Whereas the matter power spectrum is incapable of distinguishing a homogeneous DE from the concordance model. We also found that GR effects become enhanced with decreasing magnification bias, and with increasing redshift.