No description available.

This study covers aspects of political life at Kingston-upon-Hull between 1678 and 1835, and is part history and part edition. The historical section is an essay on the character and course of Hull politics between these dates. The edition on which that essay is based, consists of a selection from the surviving correspondence. The resulting picture is fragmentary, but it does contribute to our understanding of Hull at that time. The years 1678 to 1835 were marked by a political stability at Hull established during the first ten years and challenged only during the concluding five. Until the mid 1830's local political power was held by a merchant-maritime oligarchy which in times of need called upon local magnates who served the town as High Stewards. The Crown had some influence at Hull, as it was a garrison town and port; but the town corporation, Trinity House, Dock Company, and a number of wealthy families, some of whom had reached gentry status, held the monopoly of political influence. The freeman electorate was large, and as elections approached, unregistered voters pressed the Bench for their franchise. Some attempt was made by the corporation to restrict this. The paying of polling money was almost inevitable, especially in the later eighteenth century, and wise candidates also contributed to local charities, clubs and racing plates. Members of Parliament kept the town fully informed of national political issues especially up to about 1710. From then until the late 1760's the members seem less assiduous in their correspondence, and also in their performance in the Commons. Between 1766 and 1820 the Rockingham Fitzwilliam interest returned many personal nominees, and the quality of many of the members rose. These Whig magnates did not, however, have a monopoly at Hull. Wilberforce stood as an independent and later several government, or perhaps Tory candidates, were returned. Closely contested and expensive elections were common after 1796. Threats from Jacobites and American privateers, with the possibility of a French invasion, caused local political squabbles, but the French danger may have helped prevent the spread of revolutionary societies and Radicalism was really born in Hull in 1818 with the Political Protestants. However it played some part in turning Hull Whig/Liberal opinion against Liverpool's Tory government. The 1830's, with the campaign for the Reform and Municipal Corporation Acts, led to a crystallisation of local political parties which culminated in the defeat of the Tory corporation in the municipal election of 1835. The activities of the radical Acland added to the political strife, but he overplayed his hand. The stability created by conflict in the 1680's was transformed by conflict in the 1830's. The intervening years thus have some unity.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the potential for converting agricultural by-products, barley hull and flaxseed hull as well as their co-extract, into value-added functional food ingredients. Four varieties of barley hull and 3 types of flaxseed hull were hydrolyzed in calcium hydroxide solution in a water bath at 70°C for 4 hrs with shaking. The major phenolic compounds in barley hull, flaxseed hull and their co-extracts were identified by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection (PAD) and quadrupole - time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid and vanillin, and four ferulate dehydrodimers were detected in barley hull and their co-extracts. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the phenolic acids using the available standards. However, the phenolic compounds in flaxseed were found to be distinct from that of barley hull. Large amounts of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), ferulic acid glucoside (FeAG), p-coumaric acid glucoside (CouAG) were found in flaxseed hull with minor content of caffeic acid glucoside (CAG) and flavonoids herbacitin glucoside (HDG), whereas the phytochemical profile of the co-extract was enriched by combining major phenolic compounds from both barley hull and flaxseed hull.The antioxidant activity of barley hull, flaxseed hull as well as their co-extract was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay while total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. After screening using chemical assays, the representative barley hull extract, flaxseed hull extract as well as their co-extract were tested for their intracellular antioxidant activity and the antiproliferative activity in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Both chemical assays and the cell culture assays indicated that barley and flaxseed hull had strong antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity. Although the co-extract exhibited the strong antioxidant activity in the chemicals assay, it behaved differently in the cell culture assay, which may be attributed to the chemical and biological properties of the major phenolics in the co-extract.Following evaluation of the antioxidant activity and anticancer effect of barley hull extract, flaxseed hull extract as well as their co-extract, each type of extract was incorporated into Chinese steamed bread (CSB). The phytochemical profile of CSB was enriched by incorporating barley hull extract, flaxseed hull extract as well as their co-extract, which resulted in a significant enhancement in the antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH and ORAC. Therefore, barley hull, flaxseed hull and their co-extract are suggested as promising sources of functional food ingredients.

The purpose of the research was to investigate the potential for converting agricultural by-products, barley hull and flaxseed hull as well as their co-extract, into value-added functional food ingredients. Four varieties of barley hull and 3 types of flaxseed hull were hydrolyzed in calcium hydroxide solution in a water bath at 70°C for 4 hrs with shaking. The major phenolic compounds in barley hull, flaxseed hull and their co-extracts were identified by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection (PAD) and quadrupole - time of flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid and vanillin, and four ferulate dehydrodimers were detected in barley hull and their co-extracts. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the phenolic acids using the available standards. However, the phenolic compounds in flaxseed were found to be distinct from that of barley hull. Large amounts of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), ferulic acid glucoside (FeAG), p-coumaric acid glucoside (CouAG) were found in flaxseed hull with minor content of caffeic acid glucoside (CAG) and flavonoids herbacitin glucoside (HDG), whereas the phytochemical profile of the co-extract was enriched by combining major phenolic compounds from both barley hull and flaxseed hull.The antioxidant activity of barley hull, flaxseed hull as well as their co-extract was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay while total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. After screening using chemical assays, the representative barley hull extract, flaxseed hull extract as well as their co-extract were tested for their intracellular antioxidant activity and the antiproliferative activity in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Both chemical assays and the cell culture assays indicated that barley and flaxseed hull had strong antioxidant activity and antiproliferative activity. Although the co-extract exhibited the strong antioxidant activity in the chemicals assay, it behaved differently in the cell culture assay, which may be attributed to the chemical and biological properties of the major phenolics in the co-extract.Following evaluation of the antioxidant activity and anticancer effect of barley hull extract, flaxseed hull extract as well as their co-extract, each type of extract was incorporated into Chinese steamed bread (CSB). The phytochemical profile of CSB was enriched by incorporating barley hull extract, flaxseed hull extract as well as their co-extract, which resulted in a significant enhancement in the antioxidant activity evaluated by DPPH and ORAC. Therefore, barley hull, flaxseed hull and their co-extract are suggested as promising sources of functional food ingredients.

No description available.

In this research, hydrodynamic analysis, verification and validation will be performed on Generic Prismatic Planing Hull (GPPH) using OpenFOAM v1806 solver interFoam. The numerical simulation will be compared with the experimental result, which is a new set of high-quality experimental tests performed on a large model of a high deadrise prismatic planing hull with flat of chine, tested from pre-planing to fully planing regimes. Firstly, the mesh convergence study and Verification and Validation (V&V) study are performed on the basis of fixed attitude simulations. Three grids are chosen and used to perform the free attitude simulations at the highest speed. Then, mesh convergence study is conducted for the results of highest speed free body simulations, which helps us to choose two grids for other speeds simulations. By performing free attitude simulations using two grids, resistance, heave, trim angle, wetted chine length, and wetted keel length are calculated and compared at seven different tested speeds. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results analysis regards pressure distribution on the bottom of the hull and in particular areas of interest (flat of chine, spray area, etc.), friction coefficient and volume fraction of fluid in areas where the free surface undergoes violent deformations (overturning wave at the chine and in the wake, spray jet development area). Different algorithms for dynamic mesh simulation and their effect on the quality of CFD predictions are also investigated. / Master of Science / The paper presents the first series of results obtained in an ongoing validation and verification study of inter-dynamic OpenFOAM solver framework on a new set of high quality experimental tests performed on a large (2.4m long) generic planing hull model (GPPH) with high deadrise (18deg), from the pre-planning (Fn∇=2.6) to fully planing (Fn∇=5.7) regimes. This test case is a good benchmark for the free surface capturing model implemented in OpenFOAM which is based on a rather simple transport equation for an additional scalar field that defines the fraction of water in each cell of the computational mesh. This model, in spite of its simplicity, seems capable of reproducing complex violent free surface flows such as that observed in planing hulls, that includes jet spray forming on the bottom and detaching from the chine of the planing hull and overturning waves off the wet chine region, with some nuances. The dependence of the flow solution on the mesh quality is presented and discussed. Practical indication of the level of uncertainty of CFD models for the prediction of the calm water hydrodynamics of the GPPH is given at the highest simulated speed using both fixed and free attitude simulation solutions. Predictions are then extended to the whole speed range, including resistance components, dynamic trim, heave, wetted chine length, and wetted keel length.The effect due to algorithms is also discussed by modifying the settings in wall functions and solvers for the improvements of future simulation.

No description available.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’histoire des allumettières de la E.B. Eddy Match de Hull des années 1850 jusqu’au déménagement de l’entreprise, en 1928. Pendant plus de sept décennies, des centaines de femmes s’affairent à la confection d’allumettes, ce bien nécessaire à tous quotidiennement. L’expérience des ouvrières employées par le plus grand producteur de cette industrie au Canada se définit par leurs conditions de vie et de travail difficiles. Bien que des améliorations s’observent au fil des ans, particulièrement à l’intérieur de la fabrique, la pauvreté de la classe ouvrière et les dangers de l’emploi restent une réalité bien présente. Pour mener à bien cette recherche, nous proposons dans un premier temps un examen de celles qui composent cette main-d’œuvre. En nous appuyant principalement sur les données du recensement canadien, nous examinons le portrait démographique et la situation socio-économique des allumettières, en plus de leur apport à la survie familiale. De ce fait, nous soulevons pourquoi le poids économique des jeunes filles et des femmes s’avère non négligeable pour de nombreux ménages dans un contexte de précarité qui touche l’ensemble de la classe populaire. Dans un deuxième temps, les conditions de travail sont observées. En utilisant l’exemple de l’emploi du phosphore blanc dans la confection d’allumettes, nous abordons les risques du métier présents au cours du 19e siècle jusqu’au début des années 1910. Alors que la substance est retirée du processus de production, d’autres dangers subsistent. Les conditions de travail dans les années 1920 subissent certaines avancées, mais restent généralement précaires. Les heures de travail sont réduites, mais les salaires n’augmentent pas nécessairement. La syndicalisation des travailleuses amène quelques progrès et laisse voir la volonté d’implication des allumettières dans le mouvement ouvrier catholique. Toutefois, l’expérience se termine par un échec et cause fort probablement le départ de la compagnie en 1928.

The network loading problem (NLP) is a specialized capacitated network design problem in which prescribed point-to-point demand between various pairs of nodes of a network must be met by installing (loading) a capacitated facility. We can load any number of units of the facility on each of the arcs at a specified arc dependent cost. The problem is to determine the number of facilities to be loaded on the arcs that will satisfy the given demand at minimum cost. This paper studies two core subproblems of the NLP. The first problem, motivated by a Lagrangian relaxation approach for solving the problem, considers a multiple commodity, single arc capacitated network design problem. The second problem is a three node network; this specialized network arises in larger networks if we aggregate nodes. In both cases, we develop families of facets and completely characterize the convex hull of feasible solutions to the integer programming formulation of the problems. These results in turn strengthen the formulation of the NLP.

No description available.