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Over the last decade, the effects of an unprecedented rise in global temperature due to climate change, on the enjoyment of human rights, especially the right to life, have been subjects of intensive scholarly attention. Gallons of juristic ink have been spilled on the need for States to adopt policy measures aimed at combating climate change. However, recent findings show that policy measures and projects aimed at mitigating climate change are in turn producing even more serious human rights concerns, especially in developing countries. These human rights issues include: mass displacement of citizens from their homes to allow for climate change mitigation projects; lack of participation by citizens in project planning and implementation; citing and concentration of projects in poor and vulnerable communities; lack of governmental accountability on projects and the absence of review and complaint mechanisms for victims to obtain redress for these problems. These secondary human rights impacts of policy measures and projects aimed at mitigating climate change have not received sufficient attention in existing literature. The aim of this research is to examine and analyse the effects of climate change mitigation projects, specifically Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, on the enjoyment of fundamental human rights. It considers how lessons from the approval and execution of CDM projects could inform thoughts on the value and requirements for mainstreaming human rights safeguards into international climate change regimes in general. It analyses the legal and theoretical prospects and paradoxes of adopting the United Nations Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) as a framework through which human rights standards may be systemically integrated and mainstreamed into extant and emerging international legal regimes on climate change.

This thesis introduces and reflects on a design proposal, Naturally Artificial, which explores the nature-culture and human-environment relationship through Daoism and the concept of life-world. By embracing the vagueness within the relationship, it is an attempt to focus more on the present, before setting up a future scenario.   It is natural for humans to produce the artificial. Human activities leave traces on the Earth, which becomes deeply implanted in the space that we live in. Daoism suggests to focus on the present which is a complex flow that is producing patterns of humans. With the concept of life-world, human life; activities, emotions, etc, are invited to the center of the discussion. Through a designerly method, is it possible to notice and embrace the complex blend between nature and culture? How could design contribute to understand and feel the reality of the present, instead of guessing and speculating the future?   Pixels of Shadows is one part of the design program Naturally Artificial. It is an experience design installation, which is a wall of light showing constantly moving patterns of shadows. Unlike many interaction design projects or media art projects, East-Asian concepts and formgiving languages are used to test the possibility of a local originality within the Western-based discipline. Instead of LED screens and glossy surfaces, softer materials such as handcrafted paper and wood is used for the front screen. A Korean concept within traditional architectures, to be in harmony and connection with nature and the environment is the core of the design concept and visual language.

The increasing rate of human population growth has expanded the human-primate interface, with more conversion of natural primate habitat to agricultural land. Elevated levels of crop-raiding by primates are a by-product of natural resources becoming less available, and the nutritional riches of agricultural production becoming increasingly known to the primates. It was the aim of this thesis to focus on the Bossou chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes verus) perspective of their habitat in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, the risks and opportunities presented by a human-dominated landscape, and to detail their day-to-day coexistence with humans. I combined a variety of data collection techniques, from focal, scan and ad libitum behavioural sampling of the chimpanzees’ daily activities, to broad ecological and habitat surveys. The chimpanzees rely on cultivated foods, and thus are forced to respond to humans. However, significant variation in the importance of various cultivars in the chimpanzees’ diet exists; certain cultivars are mostly fallback foods, while others are preferred food items and taken according to their availability in orchards and fields. The usage patterns of wild and cultivated foods by the chimpanzees of Bossou are thus inextricably connected. Whilst engaged in crop-raiding the chimpanzees exhibit several behavioural adaptations, namely a decrease in vocalisation levels, and increases in the transportation of food and specific vigilance behaviour. Adult males and adult male-only parties crop-raid more than other age- and sex-classes/compositions, and are more likely to take risks by raiding in exposed environments with increased risk of human confrontation. The use of human cultivars also affects the socio-sexual behaviour of the chimpanzees: chimpanzees appear to share the fruits of their risky labours (crop-raiding) as a food-for-sex strategy, which allow adult males to advertise prowess and enhance affiliative relationships with reproductively valuable females (Hockings et al., in prep). In addition, behavioural adaptations to other anthropogenic high-risk situations such as road-crossing were found, with the chimpanzees exhibiting impressive levels of socio-spatial flexibility and cooperation (Hockings et al., 2006). The chimpanzees’ level of anxiety (as measured by rough self-directed scratching) increases when dealing with some of the challenges posed by their physical and social environment. The chimpanzees of Bossou have been forced to adapt ecologically and behaviourally to the various costs and benefits of living in a human-dominated environment.

Chapter one offers an introduction and a general outline of argument. Chapter two lays out the current scholarship on human rights and the environment and presents rejoinders to three prominent lines of objection to linking human rights and environmental interests: conceptual, those arising from issues of recognition, vagueness and conflicts between human rights, ecological, especially from those seeking protections for the environment regardless of its utility to humans, and those wishing to expand human rights beyond human interests, and adjudication concerns, namely from those sceptical that the polycentric nature of environmental issues create an insurmountable barrier to any significant improvements through judicially enforced human rights. Chapter three introduces and defends the environmental minimum as a normative framework for systematically conceptualizing the relationship between human rights and the environment. As such, it is chiefly concerned with ensuring a good faith regulatory engagement with environmental pollution: specific risks to recognised human rights trigger the environmental minimum, which then provides minimum standards (legal, established and emerging) that set the standard of review for determining whether a violation of human rights has occurred. Chapter four deals with the crucial empirical argument, outlining how the framework can systematically account for and consistently guide the further development of the case law under the European Convention on Human Rights. This conclusion rests on a comprehensive analysis of the environmental case law since 1950 using quantitative methods to expose doctrinal patterns previously not recognized in legal scholarship. Finally, chapter five explores and evaluates the potential benefits of the environmental minimum framework beyond human rights adjudication. Specifically, it investigates benefits to the varied fields of public law, regulatory policy, International Environmental Law, constitutionalism, and other international human rights treaties.

This student thesis deals with problems of the causes of road accidents and injury in the Czech Republic, and with the possibilities of their elimination. The human is the most dangerous factor of the transportation system. This resulted in the analysis of the causes of road accidents. The safety of the human factor depends on the experience of the driver, appreciating of danger, attention paid to the driving of vehicle, and on the stress of the road-traffic. The basis of the effective accident prevention are traffic safety precautions.

Human body temperature is an important indicator of physical performance and condition in terms of comfort, heat or cold stress. The aim of this research was to develop Temperature Sensing Fabric (TSF) for continuous temperature measurement in healthcare applications. The study covers the development and manufacture of TSF by embedding fine metallic wire into the structure of textile material using a commercial computerised knitting machine. The operational principle of TSF is based on the inherent propensity of a metal wire to respond to changes in temperature with variation in its electrical resistance. Over 60 TSF samples were developed with combinations of different sensing elements, two inlay densities and highly textured polyester yarn as the base material. TSF samples were created using either bare or insulated wires with a range of diameters from 50 to 150 μm and metal wires of nickel, copper, tungsten, and nickel coated copper. In order to investigate the Temperature-Resistance (T-R) relationship of TSF samples for calibration purposes, a customised test rig was developed and monitoring software was created in the LabVIEW environment, to record the temperature and resistance signals simultaneously. TSF samples were tested in various thermal environments, under laboratory conditions and in practical wear trials, to analyse the relationship between the temperature and resistance of the sensing fabric and to develop base line specifications such as sensitivity, resistance ratio, precision, nominal resistance, and response time; the influence of external parameters such as humidity and strain were also monitored. The regression uncertainty was found to be less than in ±0.1°C; the repeatability uncertainty was found to be less than ±0.5°C; the manufacturing uncertainty in terms of nominal resistance was found to be ± 2% from its mean. The experimental T-R relationship of TSF was validated by modelling in the thermo-electrical domain in both steady and transient states. A maximum error of 0.2°C was found between the experimental and modelled T-R relationships. TSF samples made with bare wire sensing elements showed slight variations in their resistance during strain tests, however, samples made with insulated sensing elements did not demonstrate any detectable strain-dependent-resistance error. The overall thermal response of TSF was found to be affected by basal fabric thickness and mass; the effect of RH was not found to be significant. TSF samples with higher-resistance sensing elements performed better than lower-resistance types. Furthermore, TSF samples made using insulated wire were more straightforward to manufacture because of their increased tensile strength and exhibited better sensing performance than samples made with bare wire. In all the human body wear trials, under steady-state and dynamic conditions both sensors followed the same trends and exhibited similar movement artifacts. When layers of clothing were worn over the sensors, the difference between the response of the TSF and a high-precision reference temperature were reduced by the improved isothermal conditions near the measurement site.

The 3rd Advanced Manufacturing Student Conference (AMSC23) continues its mission to foster skills in Research Methods within Engineering Sciences. Organized jointly by Chemnitz University of Technology and the Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology, AMSC23 offers a platform for students to engage with cutting-edge research in advanced manufacturing. The conference covers diverse areas, including Additive Manufacturing, Cyber-Physical Systems, Industry 4.0, Human-Machine Interaction, and Sustainable Manufacturing. Abstracts highlight advancements in Additive Manufacturing, explore integration of Blockchain in Smart Manufacturing, discuss Industry 4.0's impact on sustainability, and delve into Human-Machine Collaboration. Machine Learning, AI applications, and advancements in Printed Functionalities are also addressed. Sustainability themes encompass circular economy principles and the sustainable aspects of additive manufacturing. Virtual and Augmented Reality's role in enhancing manufacturing processes is also examined. With a focus on knowledge exchange, AMSC23 serves as a valuable platform for the next generation of manufacturing professionals.:# Foreword # Scientific Committee & Board of Reviewers # Additive Manufacturing – Technology and Application - Use of Infrared Thermography for Fault Detection in Welding: Challenges and Potential (M. Ahmed) - Dental Implant Construction: The Advantages of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Technology (S. Ali) - A Review of Monitoring in WAAM (M. Altobelli) - Additive Manufacturing in Aerospace: Advancements, Applications, and Impacts (U. Ayub) - Methods of Multi-Material Printing (S. Barve) - Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy a Non-Destructive Approach for Defect Detection in Additively Manufactured Parts (N. Chavan) - Manufacturing Methods to Fabricate Aerospace Structures Focusing on Wings (A. Correa Rivera) - A Review on Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process: Defects and Their Influencing Factors (Y. Gosankararaman) - 3D Printing in Microgravity: Evaluating the Feasibility of In-Space Manufacturing for Long-Duration Space Exploration (B. Jadhav) - Powders Used for Powder-Based Fusion Additive Manufacturing (V. Jadhav) - Overview of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Process Classification with Pros and Cons, Applications in the Transportation Industry and Challenges (S. Kattookaren) - Exploring the Potentials of Computed Axial Lithography (T. Khot) - Additive Manufacturing for Biomedical Devices (A. Nematli) - A Review on Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Nickel‑Based Components (F. Ottakath) - A Review on Additive Manufacturing in Healthcare Industry (F. Parmaksiz) - 3D Manufacturing of 3D Printed Circuit Boards (P. Puranik) - A Review on Powder-Based Direct Energy Deposition: Defects and Influencing Parameters (M. Seshadri) - Progress towards In Situ Resource Utilization of Extraterrestrial Regolith for Off-Earth Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing Technologies used Therein (K. Timilsina) - A Review on Additive Manufacturing Technologies in Aviation (S. Ücün) - Traditional and Additive Manufacturing Approaches for Metal Matrix Composites: A Comprehensive Review (N. Venkatesha) - Hybrid Production Technologies In Additive Manufacturing (A. Vezhaparambil Rappai) # Advances in the Field of Cyber-Physical Systems - A Review on Integration of Blockchain Technology in Edge-Computing Applications in Smart Manufacturing (R. Ayyappan) - Cyber-Physical Systems advancements and applications in Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0 (A. Esmaeili Bigdeli) # Digitalisation of Industrial Production (Industry 4.0) - Predictive Maintenance Strategy in Industry 4.0 Using Machine Learning (A. Alyasin) - Car to X Communication (G. Aydın) - Correlation and Impact of Industry 4.0 on Sustainability Development (S. Dashpute) - A Review of Prerequisites of Industry 4.0 in Manufacturing and in Different Applications (N. Farbood) - Methods of Production Data Acquisition and Their Application in Industry (M. Mahtab) - Evolution and Advancements in Coordinate Measuring Machines within the Industry 4.0 Context (P. Phadnis) # Hybrid Societies – Human-Machine-Environment Interaction - A Review on Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems and Their Manufacturing Methods (A. Hosseini) - Voice-Enable Digital Assistant in Manufacturing (T. Kuklina) # Machine Learning and AI in Advanced Manufacturing - Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Machining of Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) Materials: A Review (P. Giri) - Automatic Parking Assist System (A. Hadizadeh) - Artificial Intelligence for Zero Defect Manufacturing: Potential and Insights for Smart Manufacturing (M. Khan) - Artificial Intelligence Aided Manufacturing: Applications of Neural Network in Advanced Manufacturing (N. Opasanon) # Printed Functionalities and Integration of Adaptronic Systems - Printed Functionalities and Integration of Adaptronic Systems (S. Ahmed) - Memristor Devices: Challenges and Development Prospects (S. Banasaz Nouri) # Robotics, Mechatronics and Manufacturing Automation - Human-Robot Collaboration in Assembly Processes: Investigating Methods and Strategies for Effective Collaboration between Humans and Robots in Assembly Tasks (H. Chopadawala) - Thermal Optimization of Heatpipes: Materials, Structure and Operational Parameters Controlled by LabView as an Interface (E. Nikkhah) - Flexible Manufacturing Systems and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Concepts, Design Framework, and Challenges (V. Pai) # Smart Manufacturing, Management and Life Cycle Assessment - Traceability, Indispensable Element of Global Production (P. Almanza Rodríguez) - Exploring New Technologies in Procurement (N. Kakuste) - Economic Perspective of Supporting Structure in Additive Manufacturing Field (B. Toz) - On Some Issues of Development of Sustainable Manufacturing (V. Zorenko) # Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Manufacturing - Circular Economy: Benefits and Limitations (T. Abhang) - A Review on Sustainability Advantages of Additive Manufacturing (M. Etemad Moghadam) - Implications of Industry 4.0 Technologies on Sustainability (M. Kohli) - Energy Optimization Methods for Sustainable Manufacturing (M. Ibrahim Mohamed) - Exploring Sustainable Manufacturing Using Circular Economy (S. Shahrokni) - Adaption of Circular Economy in the Supply Chain (D. Soundankar) - A Review of the Impacts of Thermal Spraying Technologies and Electrocatalysts in Green H2 Production (S. Tchinou) - Review of Resin Injection Repair of Composites (A. Zaki) # Virtual and Augmented Reality Tools in Manufacturing - Augmented Reality in Manufacturing Industries (S. Kappil Muralidasan) - Augmented Reality: Improving Productivity and Reducing Failure for New Workers and New Tasks (G. Sanchez Garcia) - Applications of Virtual Reality in Manufacturing (V. Sivakumar)

The Advanced Manufacturing Student Conference (AMSC) represents an educational format designed to foster the acquisition and application of skills related to Research Methods in Engineering Sciences. Participating students are required to write and submit a conference paper and are given the opportunity to present their findings at the conference. The AMSC provides a tremendous opportunity for participants to practice critical skills associated with scientific publication. Conference Proceedings of the conference will benefit readers by providing updates on critical topics and recent progress in the advanced manufacturing engineering and technologies and, at the same time, will aid the transfer of valuable knowledge to the next generation of academics and practitioners. *** The first AMSC Conference Proceeding (AMSC21) addressed the following topics: Advances in “classical” Manufacturing Technologies, Technology and Application of Additive Manufacturing, Digitalization of Industrial Production (Industry 4.0), Advances in the field of Cyber-Physical Systems, Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies throughout the entire product Life Cycle, Human-machine-environment interaction and Management and life cycle assessment.:- Advances in “classical” Manufacturing Technologies - Technology and Application of Additive Manufacturing - Digitalization of Industrial Production (Industry 4.0) - Advances in the field of Cyber-Physical Systems - Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies throughout the entire product Life Cycle - Human-machine-environment interaction - Management and life cycle assessment

The conference proceedings contain the abstracts of the 2nd edition of the Advanced Manufacturing Student Conference (AMSC). The second edition of the conference (AMSC22) was again jointly organised by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Chemnitz University of Technology and the Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology. The AMSC is an educational format designed to promote the acquisition and application of skills related to Research Methods in Engineering Sciences. Participating students are required to write and submit a conference paper and are given the opportunity to present their findings during the conference. The conference itself is intended to serve as a platform for networking at an early career stage. Thus, the AMSC22 provides a tremendous opportunity for participants to practice critical skills associated with scientific publication. The conference proceedings provide a broad overview of the field of advanced manufacturing.:# Foreword # Scientific Committee & Board of Reviewers # Session 1 - A study of the contribution of Additive Manufacturing towards Environmental Sustainability - An analysis about the role of Inkjet devices in Additive Manufacturing - The impact of selected process parameters on dimensional accuracy of fused deposition modeling manufactured parts - Part Cooling Techniques in Additive Manufacturing Process - Effects of Cooling Techniques in WAAM - A Review on Wear Resistance of High-Entropy Alloy Coatings - Importance of Augmented Reality in Automotive Industry - Additive Manufacturing in Aerospace Industry - An Overview of 3D Printing in the Healthcare Industry # Session 2 - Comparison of Additive Manufacturing and Traditional Manufacturing - An analysis on multi-material printing using methods of Additive Manufacturing - A Review on Use of Life Cycle Assessment in Decision-Making - A review of feasibility of diffusion bonding in additive manufacturing and its applications - The Life Cycle Engineering Analysis of Additive Manufacturing Technology - Enterprise Resource Planning - An Industry 4.0 Technology for Operational Efficiency - A review of process and application limits in the field of powder based Additive Manufacturing technologies - 3D Printing processes, materials in Industry 4.0 - A review on efficiency and productivity analysis of human-machine interaction in industry 4.0 # Session 3 - A review of Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing Technology and Application - The effectiveness of combining rolling deformation with Wire–Arc Additive Manufacturing - A Review of Quality-Related Cost Accounting or Appraisal Methods Using the Example of Additive Manufacturing - Implementing visualization techniques to show the intended motion of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) on the real environment: A review - Discussion on Additive Manufacturing Technology from an Environmental Perspective - Overview of cognitive manufacturing technology in production industries - A review on high velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying in respective applications - Recognition of Additive section through Diffusion Bonding - Review of lattice structure defects in components manufactured by powder bed fusion process # Session 4 - Biomaterials used for Prosthetic/Implant 3d Printing - Comparison of Conventional and Additive Manufacturing Techniques from an Economic Perspective - Life Cycle Assessment on Natural Fiber Composites - A Review on Design Optimization for Additive Manufacturing - Industry 4.0: Impact on Environmental Sustainability - Review of cyber physical system integrated with augmented reality in various aspects of additive manufacturing - A review of scenarios in selection of milk Packaging by environmental impacts - Review of the integration of Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Risk Assessment, and Ecosystem Services Assessment about human activities and environmental impact - A review on how Da Vinci surgical system is changing the health care # Session 5 - Integration of Digital twin in manufacturing industries, principal concept, and comparison - An overview of Powder-bed Fusion based Manufacturing process - A review on integration of carbon fiber materials in automotive industry - Review of generating the technologies of organic composite phase change materials in energy storage - Integration of Lean Manufacturing Principles and Industry 4.0 - Pultrusion of carbon/epoxy composites for aerospace applications - new developments and modelling studies - A Review on Stitching Methods for the Inkjet Nozzles - A Review of Digital Twin and its Potential Role in Technical System Development and Operations - Customization using additive manufacturing in industry 4.0 # Session 6 - Effect of Al2O3 particles and mustard oil as lubrication on machining process and a review - A Process-Oriented Review of Supply Chain Management in Automobile Industry - Environmental Impact Assessment on Recycling of Lithium-ion Battery - Methods and Applications of Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing - Fundamental analysis of 3D printing in Dentistry - A review of production methods of Carbon Nanotubes - A review of the environmental compatibility of superconductors - Pros and Cons of applying Fourth Industrial Revolution in a Production Plant: A Review - Intelligence Amplification as a cutting-edge forecasting method: investigation of AI applications, their impacts on our society and their path toward hybrid intelligent systems # Session 7 - Quality Engineering Challenges in Additive Manufacturing - Additive Manufacturing Techniques of 3D Model Hollowing Objects - Implementing Cyber-Physical Systems in Autonomous Micro/Nano Assembly Operations - Producing edge welded bellows seals by using laser welding - An Overview of Additive Manufacturing in the Automotive Industry: study cases and viability - A Review of Digital Twin in Manufacturing