Because of the Human Genome Project, enormous quantities of biological data, e.g., microarray data, are generated. Since the amount of biological data is very large, data mining techniques can be used to help biologists efficiently analyze the biological data. For microarray data, biclustering, which performs simulataneous clustering of rows (e.g., genes) and columns (e.g., conditions), has proved of great value for finding interesting patterns. There were several types of biclusters proposed. To mine biclusters with coherent values, most of the previous methods need to compute Maximum Dimension Sets (MDSs) for every two genes in the microarray data. Since the number of genes is far larger than the number of conditions, this step is inefficient. On the other hand, to mine biclusters with coherent evolutions, the Co-gclustering method was proposed which could simultaneously find biclusters with both coregulated and negative-coregulated patterns. However, its time complexity is exponential to the number of conditions, which is not efficient. Therefore, in this dissertation, to efficiently solve the problem of biclustering for microarray databases, first, we propose a Condition Enumeration Tree (CE-Tree) method which mines biclusters with coherent values. Second, we propose an Up-Down Bit Pattern (UDB) method which mines biclusters with coherent evolutions. In the first proposed method, CE-Tree, to mine biclusters, instead of generating MDSs for every two genes, we generate only MDSs for every two conditions. Then, we expand the CE-Tree in a special local breadth-first within global depth-first manner to efficiently find the clustering result. From the experimental results on real data, we have shown that the CE-Tree method could mine biclusters more efficiently than several previous methods. In the second proposed method, UDB, we utilize up-down bit patterns to record the condition pairs where one gene is upregulated or downregulated. Then, we utilize bit operations and apply a heuristic idea on these up-down bit patterns to efficiently find the clustering result. As compared to the Co-gclustering method, the UDB method reduces the time complexity from exponential time to polynomial time. From the experimental results on real data, we have shown that the UDB method is more efficient than the Co-gclustering method.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-291).

The highly developed and specialized anatomical and physiological characteristics observed for eukaryotes in general and mammals in particular are underwritten by an elaborate and intricate process of genome regulation. This precise control of the location, timing and amplitude of gene expression is achieved by a variety of genetic and epigenetic tools and mechanisms. While several of these regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied, our understanding of the complex and diverse associations between various epigenetic marks and genetic elements with genome regulatory systems has remained incomplete. However, the recent profound improvements in sequencing technologies have significantly improved the depth and breadth to which their functions and relationships can be understood. The objective of this thesis has been to apply bioinformatics, computational and statistical tools to analyze and interpret various recent high throughput datasets from a combination of Next generation sequencing and Chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP-seq) experiments. These datasets have been analyzed to further our understanding of the dynamics of gene regulation in humans, particularly as it relates to repetitive DNA, cis-regulation and DNA methylation. The thesis thus resides at the intersection of three major areas; transposable elements, cis-regulatory elements and epigenetics. It explores how those three aspects of regulation relate with gene expression and the functional implications of those interactions. From this analysis, the thesis provides new insights into; 1) the relationship between the transposable element environment of human genes and their expression, 2) the role of mammalian-wide interspersed repeats (MIRs) in the function of human enhancers and enhancement of tissue-specic functions, 3) the existence and function of composite cis-regulatory elements and 4) the dynamics and relationship between human gene-body DNA methylation and gene expression.

No description available.

Includes publications and manuscripts by the author. / Bibliography: leaves 196-215. / 1 v. : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The goal of the human genome project addressed in this thesis, was the construction of a genetric linkage map with a resolution of between 2-5 cM by the year 1995. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Paediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital, 1995

Zugl.: Frankfurt (Oder), Univ., Diss., 2003

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-83).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758930_20150818.pdf: 1212662 bytes, checksum: b031bf1d8704df644dfe9adcd8ac1f68 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-20T11:58:35Z: 000758930_20150818.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T11:59:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758930.pdf: 3771682 bytes, checksum: 5c0fc2cb3bf6c39b641b63aa4f2b4bee (MD5) / O câncer de mama (CM) é uma doença heterogênea em relação às alterações moleculares, composição celular e evolução clínica. Pacientes com características clínicas e histopatológicas semelhantes podem apresentar prognósticos distintos. Análises de alterações genômicas em larga escala têm contribuído para identificar regiões e genes associados com os vários estágios da tumorigênese mamária. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil de alterações no número de cópias genômicas por Hibridação Genômica Comparativa baseada em arrays (aCGH), utilizando a plataforma 4x180K (Agilent Technologies) em 53 carcinomas ductais invasivos (CDI) primários. Os CDI apresentaram 3.849 alterações genômicas, com semelhante proporção de perdas e ganhos genômicos (1.622 e 1.731, respectivamente), 444 ganhos em alto nível (12%) e 52 perdas homozigotas (1%). Foram identificadas 19 alterações genômicas significativamente recorrentes presentes em mais de 20% dos tumores. Foram detectadas perdas em 1p36.32, 8p23.3, 8p23.1, 8p11.23, 11q25, 14q11.1-q11.2, 16q23.3, 16q24.1 e 18q23; e ganhos em 1q21.1, 1q21.2, 1q22, 1q32.1, 1q42.3, 1q44, 8q24.21 e 15q11.2. As alterações mais prevalentes foram ganhos em 8q24.21 (36%) e 1q44 (32%), e a perda em 8p11.23 (28,3%). Ganhos em 1q21.1-1q21.2 foram associados com tumores negativos para o receptor de estrógeno (ER-) (P=0,016). Perda em 8p23.1 foi associada com um maior tempo de sobrevida livre de doença (P=0,027) e perda em 8p23.3 com tumores HER2+ (P= 0,033) e Ki67 alto (P= 0,036). Ganho em 8q24.21 foi associado com menor risco de acometimento de linfonodos (P=0,0199). A perda em 14q11.1-q11.2 associou-se com características de maior agressividade tumoral, como grau III (P=0,0147), Ki67 alto (P=0,0096) e pior evolução clínica, desenvolvimento de metástase (P=0,0375). Perda em 18q23 foi associada com tumores negativos para o receptor de progesterona (PR-) (P=0,0065). A ... / Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous both at molecular and clinical level. Patients with similar clinical and histopathological findings can present different prognosis. Analysis of large scale genomic changes have helped to identify regions and genes associated with the various stages of mammary tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the genomic profile by Comparative Genomic Hybridization array-based (aCGH), using the platform 4x180K (Agilent Technologies) in 53 primary invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). The IDC showed 3849 genomic alterations, with similar proportion of genomic gains and losses (1,622 and 1,731, respectively), 444 alterations were found with high copy number gains (12%) and 52 homozygous losses (1%). We were identified 19 significantly recurrent genomic alterations in more than 20% of tumors. Losses were detected at 1p36.32, 8p23.3, 8p23.1, 8p11.23, 11q25, 14q11.1-q11.2, 16q23.3, 16q24.1 and 18q23, and gains at 1q21.1, 1q21.2, 1q22, 1q32.1, 1q42.3, 1q44, 8q24.21 and 15q11.2. The most frequent alterations were gains at 8q24.21 (36%) and 1q44 (32%), and losses at 8p11.23 (28.3%). Gains in 1q21.1-1q21.2 were associated with negative estrogen receptor (ER-) (P = 0.016) tumors. Loss on 8p23.1 was associated with longer disease-free survival (P = 0.027). Losses on 8p23.3 were associated with HER2 + tumors (P = 0.033) and high level of Ki67 (P = 0.036). Gain at 8q24.21 was associated with lower risk of lymph node involvement (P = 0.0199). Loss at 14q11.1-q11.2 was associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics such as grade III (P = 0.0147), high level of Ki67 (P = 0.0096) and worse clinical outcome, with metastasis development (P = 0.0375). Loss at 18q23 was associated with progesterone receptor negative (PR-) (P = 0.0065) tumors. The comparison of the genomic alterations according to receptor status ER, PR and HER2, lymph node involvement (LN) and development of distant metastases (DM) revealed ...

Orientador: Silvia Regina Rogatto / Coorientador: Sandra Aparecida Drigo Linde / Banca: Luciane Regina Cavalli / Banca: Maria Aparecida Custódio Domingues / Resumo: O câncer de mama (CM) é uma doença heterogênea em relação às alterações moleculares, composição celular e evolução clínica. Pacientes com características clínicas e histopatológicas semelhantes podem apresentar prognósticos distintos. Análises de alterações genômicas em larga escala têm contribuído para identificar regiões e genes associados com os vários estágios da tumorigênese mamária. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil de alterações no número de cópias genômicas por Hibridação Genômica Comparativa baseada em arrays (aCGH), utilizando a plataforma 4x180K (Agilent Technologies) em 53 carcinomas ductais invasivos (CDI) primários. Os CDI apresentaram 3.849 alterações genômicas, com semelhante proporção de perdas e ganhos genômicos (1.622 e 1.731, respectivamente), 444 ganhos em alto nível (12%) e 52 perdas homozigotas (1%). Foram identificadas 19 alterações genômicas significativamente recorrentes presentes em mais de 20% dos tumores. Foram detectadas perdas em 1p36.32, 8p23.3, 8p23.1, 8p11.23, 11q25, 14q11.1-q11.2, 16q23.3, 16q24.1 e 18q23; e ganhos em 1q21.1, 1q21.2, 1q22, 1q32.1, 1q42.3, 1q44, 8q24.21 e 15q11.2. As alterações mais prevalentes foram ganhos em 8q24.21 (36%) e 1q44 (32%), e a perda em 8p11.23 (28,3%). Ganhos em 1q21.1-1q21.2 foram associados com tumores negativos para o receptor de estrógeno (ER-) (P=0,016). Perda em 8p23.1 foi associada com um maior tempo de sobrevida livre de doença (P=0,027) e perda em 8p23.3 com tumores HER2+ (P= 0,033) e Ki67 alto (P= 0,036). Ganho em 8q24.21 foi associado com menor risco de acometimento de linfonodos (P=0,0199). A perda em 14q11.1-q11.2 associou-se com características de maior agressividade tumoral, como grau III (P=0,0147), Ki67 alto (P=0,0096) e pior evolução clínica, desenvolvimento de metástase (P=0,0375). Perda em 18q23 foi associada com tumores negativos para o receptor de progesterona (PR-) (P=0,0065). A ... / Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous both at molecular and clinical level. Patients with similar clinical and histopathological findings can present different prognosis. Analysis of large scale genomic changes have helped to identify regions and genes associated with the various stages of mammary tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the genomic profile by Comparative Genomic Hybridization array-based (aCGH), using the platform 4x180K (Agilent Technologies) in 53 primary invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). The IDC showed 3849 genomic alterations, with similar proportion of genomic gains and losses (1,622 and 1,731, respectively), 444 alterations were found with high copy number gains (12%) and 52 homozygous losses (1%). We were identified 19 significantly recurrent genomic alterations in more than 20% of tumors. Losses were detected at 1p36.32, 8p23.3, 8p23.1, 8p11.23, 11q25, 14q11.1-q11.2, 16q23.3, 16q24.1 and 18q23, and gains at 1q21.1, 1q21.2, 1q22, 1q32.1, 1q42.3, 1q44, 8q24.21 and 15q11.2. The most frequent alterations were gains at 8q24.21 (36%) and 1q44 (32%), and losses at 8p11.23 (28.3%). Gains in 1q21.1-1q21.2 were associated with negative estrogen receptor (ER-) (P = 0.016) tumors. Loss on 8p23.1 was associated with longer disease-free survival (P = 0.027). Losses on 8p23.3 were associated with HER2 + tumors (P = 0.033) and high level of Ki67 (P = 0.036). Gain at 8q24.21 was associated with lower risk of lymph node involvement (P = 0.0199). Loss at 14q11.1-q11.2 was associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics such as grade III (P = 0.0147), high level of Ki67 (P = 0.0096) and worse clinical outcome, with metastasis development (P = 0.0375). Loss at 18q23 was associated with progesterone receptor negative (PR-) (P = 0.0065) tumors. The comparison of the genomic alterations according to receptor status ER, PR and HER2, lymph node involvement (LN) and development of distant metastases (DM) revealed ... / Mestre