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Handle with care : Debates associated with reburial of human skeletal remains. A comparative study between Sweden and Vanuatu / Hanteras varsamt : Debatter i samband med återbegravning av mänskliga kvarlevor. En jämförelse mellan Sverige och VanuatuBergljung, Gustav January 2010 (has links)
Excavations of human skeletal remains are sometimes followed by claims for reburial from the local community. This has led to debates between researchers and other elements of society, churches or minorities. This scientific paper sat out to examine the discussions and debates found in Sweden (Scandinavia), with the situation in Vanuatu, (Melanesia). The objective was to elucidate similarities and differences in people’s attitude when it comes to reburial. Religious beliefs, legislations and policies were compared to provide explanations for the different attitudes in the two countries. The study showed that the debates found in the Swedish material such as conflicts between researchers and the church or between the Saami population and Swedish researchers, haven’t got a counterpart in Vanuatu. This was much due to the research policies in Vanuatu and the strong Christian faith. / Fynd av mänskliga kvarlevor i samband med utgrävningar följs ibland av krav på återbegravning från det lokala samhället. Detta har lett till debatter mellan forskare och andra delar av samhället, kyrkan eller minoriteter. Denna C-uppsats har försökt undersöka diskussionerna och debatterna som framkommit i Sverige (Skandinavien) och Vanuatu (Melanesien). Målet var att belysa likheter och skillnader hos människors inställning när det kommer till återbegravning. Religion, lagstiftning och policys jämfördes för att förklara de olika inställningarna i de två länderna. Studien visade att debatterna mellan kyrkan och forskarna eller den Samiska befolkningen och forskarna inte hade en motsvarighet i Vanuatu. Detta var mycket tack vare Vanuatus forskningspolicy och den starka kristna tron i landet.
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Diachronic effects of bio-cultural factors on stature and body proportions in British archaeological populations. The impact of living conditions, socio-economic, nutritional and health status on growth, development, maximum attained stature and physical shape in archaeological skeletal population samples.Schweich, Marianne January 2005 (has links)
Humans, like all animal species, are subject to Bergmann's (1847) and
Allen's (1877) environmental rules which summarize physical adaptations to the
natural environment. However, humans are in addition cultural animals and other
bio-cultural factors such as social, economic and political status, general health,
and nutrition, have a noticeable influence on stature and body proportions.
Importantly, socio-economic status has a powerful influence on stature, which has
been used to elucidate status differences in past societies (Bogin and Loucky,
1997; Floud et al., 1990; Schutkowski, 2000a). Furthermore, bio-cultural factors
influence all dimensions of the human body, including weight, relative limb
length, and relative length of the different limb segments. Given minimal
migration and shared natural environments, all populations in this study, coming
as they do from the last 2000 years of English history, should demonstrate similar
morphology (c. f Ruff, 1994) if climatic variables were the only influence on
stature and body proportions.
In order to assess such bio-cultural factors in individuals from
archaeological populations, skeletal populations from sites such as known
leprosaria and medieval hospitals, rural and urban parish cemeteries, victims from
the battle of Towton in A. D. 1461, and individuals from monastic cemeteries were
analysed. The osteometric data from these populations were assessedfo r within
and between population variability and indicate effects of bio-cultural factors on
attained body proportions and stature. The results indicate a strong relationship
between bio-cultural factors and body proportions, body mass index, prevalence
of pathologies, sexual dimorphism, secular trend, and general stature from Roman
times to the post-medieval period. The usefulness of stature, weight, and physical
indices as markers of the bio-cultural environment is demonstrated. The main
findings include: a greater sensitivity to external stressors in the males rather than
the females of the analysed populations, rendering male statures more susceptible
to varying bio-cultural conditions; a potential for very tall stature has existed in the analysed populations but was only realised. in very high status individuals in
medieval times, and from the beginning 20'h century with better socio-economic
conditions for the population at large; a less stratified socio-political environment,
as in the late Anglo-Saxon period resulted in taller average male statures that a
more stratified one, such as the medieval Nation-States; and medieval monastic
institutions could have high status, e.g., the Gilbertines, or lower status, such as
the mendicant orders, while leprosaria had the lowest status of all. / Ministere de la Culture, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, Luxembourg; Department of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford; Andy Jagger Fund; Francis Raymond Hudson Memorial Fund
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A comparative microscopic study of human and non-human long bone histology.Nor, Faridah M. January 2009 (has links)
Identification of human or nonhuman skeletal remains is important in assisting the police
and law enforcement officers for the investigation of forensic cases. Identification of bone
can be difficult, especially in fragmented remains. It has been reported that 25 to 30% of
medicolegal cases, which involved nonhuman skeletal remains have been mistaken for
human. In such cases, histomorphometric method was used to identify human and
nonhuman skeletal remains. However, literature has shown that histomorphometric data for
human and nonhuman bone were insufficient. Additionally, age estimation in bone may
help in the identification of human individual, which can be done by using a
histomorphometric method. Age estimation is based on bone remodeling process, where
microstructural parameters have strong correlations with age. Literature showed that age
estimation has been done on the American and European populations. However, little work
has been done in the Asian population. The aims of this project were thus, to identify
human and nonhuman bone, and to estimate age in human bones by using
histomorphometric analysis. In this project, 64 human bones and 65 animal bones were
collected from the mortuary of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre and the
Zoos in Malaysia, respectively. A standard bone preparation was used to prepare human
and nonhuman bone thin sections for histomorphometric assessment. Assessments were
made on the microstructural parameters such as cortical thickness, medullary cavity
diameter, osteon count, osteon diameter, osteon area, osteon perimeter, Haversian canal
diameter, Haversian canal area, Haversian canal perimeter, and Haversian lamella count per
osteon by using image analysis, and viewed under a transmitted light microscope. The
microstructural measurements showed significant differences between human and
nonhuman samples. The discriminant functions showed correct classification rates for
81.4% of cases, and the accuracy of identification was 96.9% for human and 66.2% for
animal. Human age estimation showed a standard error of estimate of 10.41 years,
comparable with those in the literature. This study project offers distinct advantages over
currently available histomorphometric methods for human and nonhuman identification and
human age estimation. This will have significant implications in the assessment of
fragmentary skeletal and forensic population samples for identification purposes.
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