Spelling suggestions: "subject:"hydrological cycle""
21 |
The Amazon hydrometeorology climatology, variability and links to changes in weather patterns /Fernandes, Katia de Avila. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Rong Fu; Committee Member: Marc Stieglitz; Committee Member: Peter Webster; Committee Member: Robert E. Dickinson; Committee Member: Robert X. Black. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
|
22 |
Interaction of urban stormwater runoff control measures and receiving water response /Medina, Miguel A., January 1976 (has links)
Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 291-296).
|
23 |
Water vapor transfer in the atmosphere and its relation to the water balance in the Ohio River basin /Lee, Shuh-Chai. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
|
24 |
Some relationships between the surface energy budget and the water budget.Lee, Richard J. January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
|
25 |
Energy budget and water balance over Nigeria.Akanbi, Timothy Olakanmi January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
|
26 |
Drivers of variability in transpiration and implications for stream flow in forests of western Oregon /Moore, Georgianne W. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2004. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-154). Also available on the World Wide Web.
|
27 |
Effects of precipitation enhancement on the hydrologic cycle for three Kansas watershedsRogers, Danny H. January 2011 (has links)
Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
|
28 |
Analysis of the atmospheric water vapor transport and the hydrologic cycle simulated in a global circulation modelChang, Jy-tai 15 June 1981 (has links)
In order to understand the atmospheric branch of the earth's
hydrologic cycle on the global scale, an atmospheric moisture balance
is diagnostically analyzed from the January and July data of the OSU
atmospheric general circulation model, which has been integrated for
thirty-nine months of simulation with seasonally-varying sea-surface
temperature and solar insolation. The model hydrologic processes
analyzed for the balance include the surface evaporation, the precipitation
by large-scale and cumulus condensation, the vertical transport
by large-scale and cumulus mass fluxes, and the horizontal transport
of water vapor. The large-scale transports include the contributions
from the standing and transient components of motion. Also
analyzed are the potential and stream functions of horizontal transport,
and the statistics of seasonal and interannual variabilities
of the global and hemispheric effects of the hydrologic processes.
As a result of these analyses, the hydrologic cycle is constructed
and understood for both January and July of the model. Large-scale
vertical transport moistens the upper layer; the standing and transient
motions contribute mostly in the tropics and higher latitudes, respectively.
Large-scale horizontal transport moistens the continental atmosphere
except for the relatively small transport from the continents to
the oceans by the standing motion in the upper layer; the runoff occurs
in the model to balance the marine transport but seasonal trends exist
such that snow assumulates during January and melts during July on the
global average. Cumulus convection drys not only the lower layer but
also the upper layer of the model, and the penetrating cumuli are a
major mechanism of maritime precipitation, whereas the large-scale condensation
and penetrating cumuli have the dominating effect on the continental
precipitation during January and July, respectively. The seasonal
precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere continents concurs with
strong surface evaporation in summer and also with strong cyclonic activity
in winter.
Comparison with other models and observational data indicates that
the model reproduced some basic features of the atmospheric branch of
the hydrologic cycle and its seasonal variation. The intense evaporation
(≥ 5 mm day⁻¹) over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the rain
belts in the tropics are well simulated for both January and July. The
poleward transport in the northern middle and high latitudes is in good
agreement with observations. The maximum toward-thermal-equator transport
in the tropics occurs, however, at the geographic equator for both
January and July, indicating that these maxima are about 5 degrees of
latitude closer to the seasonal thermal equator than the observed maxima.
Nevertheless the global statistics of the model atmosphere are not
significantly different from that of the real atmosphere.
Among others, we mention the following common features of the
January and July moisture balances in the present model. Most precipitation
of penetrating convection occurs in regions of strong surface
evaporation even though some occurs in the moisture convergence zones
where most of heavy mid-level convection is located. In the regions
of intense penetrating convection, however, the standing part of surface
evaporation is much larger in magnitude than the negative transient
part which is essentially due to the positive correlation between
the turbulence intensity and surface humidity over wet surfaces.
Moreover, the horizontal structure of the standing part conforms to
that of the standing vapor pressure difference between the air and the
underlying surface. A strategy for further studies is recommended on
the basis of our understanding of these features. / Graduation date: 1982
|
29 |
Monitoring regional-scale surface hydrologic processes using satellite remote sensingRahman, Abdullah Faizur,1963- January 1996 (has links)
Satellite-based remotely sensed data were used to estimate regional-scale surface energy fluxes and a water deficit index of a semi-arid heterogeneous region in southeast Arizona. Spectral reflectance and radiometric temperature of the surface, derived from the digital counts of TM bands of LANDSAT-5 satellite, were used for this purpose. These reflectance and temperature, along with conventional meteorological information of the region, were used as inputs to numerical models which estimate surface energy fluxes. Point-based meteorological data of the region were spatially extrapolated over a grid of 120 m X 120 m so that it could be used with the spatially continuous remotely sensed data. The water deficit index (WDI) was estimated using surface temperature and a spectral vegetation index, "soil adjusted vegetation index" (SAVI). The surface fluxes were net radiation flux, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux and latent heat flux. Measured values obtained from the meteorological flux measurement (METFLUX) stations in the study area were compared with the modeled fluxes. Latent heat flux (LE) was the most important one to estimate in the scope of this study. The method of spatially extrapolating the point-based meteorological information and combining with the remotely sensed data produced good estimation of LE for the region, with a mean absolute difference (MAD) of 65 W/m² over a range of 67 to 196 W/m² . Also it was found that the numerical models that were previously used to estimate daily LE values from a region using mid-day remotely sensed data (mostly from NOAAAVHRR) can also be used with the mid-morning remotely sensed data (from LANDSAT). Out of the two models tested for this purpose (`Seguin-Itier' and 'Jackson' models), one was found to need some modification so that it could use mid-morning remotely sensed data as inputs. The other was found to be useable as it is, without any modification. Outputs from both models compared well with the measured fluxes from the METFLUX stations. In an effort of estimating the water deficit of the different biomes of the region, WDI of the biomes were estimated. The main goal of this effort was to be able to monitor the surface hydrologic conditions of the region using remotely sensed vegetation and surface information, and minimum ground data. Good estimation of the water deficit condition of the area were obtained by this method. This method was found to be sensitive to a few of the ground information such as wind speed and leaf area index (LAI). It was also found that if the required ground data were correctly estimated, this method could be used as an operational procedure for monitoring the vegetation water stress of the biomes and hence for better management of the region.
|
30 |
Representing droplet size distribution and cloud processes in aerosol-cloud-climate interaction studiesHsieh, Wei-Chun 04 May 2009 (has links)
The indirect effect of aerosols expresses how changes in aerosols would influence clouds and cause impacts on Earth's climate and hydrological cycle. The current assessment of the interactions between aerosols and clouds is uncertain and parameterizations used to represent cloud processes are not well constrained. This thesis first evaluates a cloud activation parameterization by investigating cloud droplet number concentration closure for stratocumulus clouds sampled during the 2005 MArine Stratus Experiment (MASE). Further analysis of the droplet size distribution characteristics using the extended parameterization is performed by comparing the predicted droplet spectra with the observed ones. The effect of dynamical variability on the droplet size distribution evolution is also investigated by considering a probability density function for updraft velocity. The cumulus and stratocumulus cloud datasets from in-situ field measurements of NASA's Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers - Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) and Coastal STRatocumulus Imposed Perturbation Experiment (CSTRIPE) campaigns are used for this task. Using the same datasets, the autoconversion rate is calculated based on direct integration of kinematic collection equation (KCE). Six autoconversion parameterizations are evaluated and the effect of turbulence on magnifying collection process is also considered. Finally, a general circulation model (GCM) is used for studying the effect of different autoconversion parameterizations on indirect forcing estimates. The autoconversion rate given by direct KCE integration is also included by implementing a look-up table for collection kernels. Although these studies add more variability to the current estimate of aerosol indirect forcing, they also provide direction towards a more accurate assessment for climate prediction.
|
Page generated in 0.0731 seconds