1D stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis simulations have traditionally modeled the mixing within convection zones as a diffusive process. The fluids within a convection zone are advecting and do not diffuse. However the diffusive approximation is valid when the burning timescale of an exothermic reaction is longer than the convective turn over timescale to which the mixing of those species is approximated over. Since it is 1D, it also assumes that the material is isotropically distributed within the convection zone. In the He-flash convection zones of rapidly accreting white dwarfs (RAWD) H is ingested and burned well within the convective turn over time of 38 minutes. The H is burned through the exothermic 12C(p,γ)13N reac- tion, Q = 1.944 MeV, and then the unstable 13N, with a half-life of 9.6 minutes, will decay to 13C which will undergo the 13C(α,n)16O reaction releasing neutrons. The neutron densities, depending on the H-ingestion rates and mixing details, reach Nn ≈ 1013 − 1015 cm−3 which starts the i-process within the convection zone. The H burning provides energy to the flow leading to the dynamic details of the flow being important for the mixing of the H and thus the i-process nucleosynthesis. This is a convective-reactive environment. The isotropic, well mixed over many convective turn over timescales, and long burning timescale assumptions for H in the diffusive approximation are broken in the convective-reactive environment of a He-shell flash convection zone in a RAWD. To more accurately model convective-reactive mixing environments, a 1D two stream advective mixing model is formulated. A downstream advects H-rich material from the top of the convection zone down to the H-burning region while the upstream advects H-poor material back up to the upper convective boundary. The mixing model includes a horizontal mass flux, γ, which describes the efficiency to which mass is mixed between the two streams. This predominately causes the homogenization of the material between the two streams. The radial mass flux, α, and the horizontal mass flux, γ, are calibrated from 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the RAWD in order to model the mixing within the He-flash shell convection zone. The downsampled 3D cartesian data output, the briquette data, from the 3D hy- drodynamic simulations is used to compute γ. This required using numerical tools to interpolate quantities onto spherical shells from 3D cartesian data and to decompose the radial velocity field into its spherical harmonic modes. Trilinear interpolation is the simplest 3D interpolation method that was tested and it was the interpolation method of choice due to the constraints it has on the interpolating function. The validity of using higher order methods on the briquette data was studied in detail but was determined to not be usable due to the computational effort and constraints of the methods. The two stream model post-processing of the H burning within the 3D hydro- dynamic simulations of the RAWD showed excellent agreement in the metrics of the total mass of H burned, the burning rate and burning location of H. This includes two models which undergo dramatic H-ingestion and burning events caused by a GOSH, Global Oscillations of Shell H-ingestion. By adding a network containing 1000’s of species to the 1D advective mixing model, the i-process from the RAWD is simulated and compared with a traditional 1D diffusive mixing model. The resulting neutron densities between the two models are comparable however the efficiency to which each produce the heaviest stable elements are different. To reproduce the elemental abun- dance distribution of the CEMP-r/s star CS31062-050, the diffusive model is run for 15 days of stellar time while the advective model is run for 20 days. The H-ingestion into the He-shell as predicted by the stellar evolution calculations lasts 30 days. The i-process material within the RAWD can be removed from it and participate in the galactic chemical evolution of the galaxy that it resides in. This is due to the RAWD possibly reaching the Chandrasekhar mass and from the loss of material through stellar winds and common envelope interactions with its nearby companion star. / Graduate

BackgroundLKAB has struggled for years with measuring the amount of water that fines are containing when it leaves the filters. This is desirable because if the watercontent could be measured it would be easier to keep it stable on a suitable level and the waste in the process could be reduced. MethodThis paper explores the possibility to through predictions based on surrounding signals predict the water content of the fines with desirable precision. These signals are processed with statstical methods and models which will be compared. The models used are Linear-, LASSO, Random Forest- and Additive Models. ResultThe investigations suggests that interaction terms between predictors are not significant and neither are non-linear interactions between predictors and the response. The more complex models which includes more predictors does notperform better than the simpler ones. ConclusionThe resulting best model is a Simple Linear Model which includes the predictor Negative Pressure. This model has a measuring error which is estimated to be around +- 0.5 percentage points which can be compared to a water content percentage of about 7.5-10.5%. There is a LASSO-Model that generates a smaller estimated measuring error but the difference is not considered to be large enough to outweigh the increased complexity of the model. / BakgrundAtt mäta fukthalt i slig i direkt anslutning till de filter som torkar upp slig från slurry på ett till förlitligt sätt har i många år varit en utmaning för LKAB. Att kunna göra detta är önskvärt för att i förlängningen hålla fukten på en stabil nivå och därmed effektivisera pelletiseringsprocessen. MetodDenna uppsats undersöker möjligheten att genom prediktion baserat på kringliggande signaler prediktera fukthalten i sliget med önskvärd precision. Dessa signaler hanteras med hjälp av statistiska metoder och modeller som jämförs med varandra. De modeller som kommer att användas är Linjära-,LASSO-, Random Forest- samt Additiva Modeller. ResultatUndersökningen visar på att samspel mellan prediktorer ej är signifikanta och inte heller icke-linjära samspel mellan prediktorer och fukthalt. Vidare visar undersökningen att de mer komplexa modellerna som tar in fler prediktorer inte presterar bättre än de enklare. SlutsatsDen resulterande bästa modellen är en Enkel Linjär Modell som bygger på prediktorn Undertryck och har ett mätfel som i snitt över filtren skattas till +-0.5 procentenheter, att jämföra med en fuktalt på 7.5-10.5%. En LASSO-modell genererar ett mindre skattat mätfel men det anses ej vara nog mycket mindreför att väga upp för dess mer komplexa uppbyggnad.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar os elementos da segurança alimentar presentes no processo de compra dos consumidores de carne suína da cidade de Porto Alegre. Diante das mudanças percebidas no ambiente mercadológico, os resultados obtidos foram tabulados através das variáveis sóciodemográficas de sexo, faixa etária, grau de instrução, renda familiar e número de pessoas por domicílio, e cruzadas com os fatores que influenciam as decisões de compra, tais como os fatores culturais, sociais, pessoais e psicológicos, para um melhor esclarecimento acerca das necessidades desses consumidores. O perfil, hábitos de aquisição e consumo também são descritos e também foram gerados resultados sobre as motivações, o grau de importância das informações, os critérios de qualidade mais relevantes observados no ato da aquisição. Com relação à segurança alimentar, os fatores subculturais envolvidos geram a imagem que se faz dos produtos agropecuários consumidos, além das informações que os produtores colocam à disposição nas embalagens, e também os atributos que são natos no produto e imprescindíveis durante as fases do ciclo vital. / The main objective of this work is to identify the safety's alimentary present’s elements in the process of the consumers' of meat suína of the city of Porto Alegre purchase. Before the changes noticed in the atmosphere the marketing, the obtained results were tabulated through the partner-demographic variables of sex, age group, instruction degree, family income and number of people for home and, crusades with the factors that influence the purchase decisions, such as: the factors cultural, social, personal and psychological, for a better explanation concerning these consumers' needs that such segmentation allows. The profile, acquisition habits and consumption are also described and, also results were generated remains to the motivations, the degree of importance of the information, the more relevant quality criteria observed in the action of the acquisition. Regarding the alimentary safety, the factors involved subcultures generate the image that we do of the agricultural products that we consumed, besides the information that the producers put our disposition in the packing and, also the attributes that are born in the product and indispensable during the phases of the vital cycle.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar os elementos da segurança alimentar presentes no processo de compra dos consumidores de carne suína da cidade de Porto Alegre. Diante das mudanças percebidas no ambiente mercadológico, os resultados obtidos foram tabulados através das variáveis sóciodemográficas de sexo, faixa etária, grau de instrução, renda familiar e número de pessoas por domicílio, e cruzadas com os fatores que influenciam as decisões de compra, tais como os fatores culturais, sociais, pessoais e psicológicos, para um melhor esclarecimento acerca das necessidades desses consumidores. O perfil, hábitos de aquisição e consumo também são descritos e também foram gerados resultados sobre as motivações, o grau de importância das informações, os critérios de qualidade mais relevantes observados no ato da aquisição. Com relação à segurança alimentar, os fatores subculturais envolvidos geram a imagem que se faz dos produtos agropecuários consumidos, além das informações que os produtores colocam à disposição nas embalagens, e também os atributos que são natos no produto e imprescindíveis durante as fases do ciclo vital. / The main objective of this work is to identify the safety's alimentary present’s elements in the process of the consumers' of meat suína of the city of Porto Alegre purchase. Before the changes noticed in the atmosphere the marketing, the obtained results were tabulated through the partner-demographic variables of sex, age group, instruction degree, family income and number of people for home and, crusades with the factors that influence the purchase decisions, such as: the factors cultural, social, personal and psychological, for a better explanation concerning these consumers' needs that such segmentation allows. The profile, acquisition habits and consumption are also described and, also results were generated remains to the motivations, the degree of importance of the information, the more relevant quality criteria observed in the action of the acquisition. Regarding the alimentary safety, the factors involved subcultures generate the image that we do of the agricultural products that we consumed, besides the information that the producers put our disposition in the packing and, also the attributes that are born in the product and indispensable during the phases of the vital cycle.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar os elementos da segurança alimentar presentes no processo de compra dos consumidores de carne suína da cidade de Porto Alegre. Diante das mudanças percebidas no ambiente mercadológico, os resultados obtidos foram tabulados através das variáveis sóciodemográficas de sexo, faixa etária, grau de instrução, renda familiar e número de pessoas por domicílio, e cruzadas com os fatores que influenciam as decisões de compra, tais como os fatores culturais, sociais, pessoais e psicológicos, para um melhor esclarecimento acerca das necessidades desses consumidores. O perfil, hábitos de aquisição e consumo também são descritos e também foram gerados resultados sobre as motivações, o grau de importância das informações, os critérios de qualidade mais relevantes observados no ato da aquisição. Com relação à segurança alimentar, os fatores subculturais envolvidos geram a imagem que se faz dos produtos agropecuários consumidos, além das informações que os produtores colocam à disposição nas embalagens, e também os atributos que são natos no produto e imprescindíveis durante as fases do ciclo vital. / The main objective of this work is to identify the safety's alimentary present’s elements in the process of the consumers' of meat suína of the city of Porto Alegre purchase. Before the changes noticed in the atmosphere the marketing, the obtained results were tabulated through the partner-demographic variables of sex, age group, instruction degree, family income and number of people for home and, crusades with the factors that influence the purchase decisions, such as: the factors cultural, social, personal and psychological, for a better explanation concerning these consumers' needs that such segmentation allows. The profile, acquisition habits and consumption are also described and, also results were generated remains to the motivations, the degree of importance of the information, the more relevant quality criteria observed in the action of the acquisition. Regarding the alimentary safety, the factors involved subcultures generate the image that we do of the agricultural products that we consumed, besides the information that the producers put our disposition in the packing and, also the attributes that are born in the product and indispensable during the phases of the vital cycle.