Darbo tikslas:teoriškai ir empiriškai išanalizuoti sportininko įvaizdžio reikšmę, sportininkui sudarant kontraktą su ledo ritulio klubu. Uždaviniai: 1. Aptarti ledo ritulininkams keliamus reikalavimus dėl įvaizdžio; 2. Išanalizuoti įvaizdį įtakojančius veiksnius; 3. Atskleisti su įvaizdžiu susijusių veiksnių reikšmę ledo ritulininko kontraktui. Tiriamieji klausimai 1. Kokia įvaizdžio vieta šiuolaikiniame sporte? 2. Kokie įvaizdžio aspektai svarbūs šiuolaikiniame ledo ritulyje? 3. Kokie įvaizdžio aspektai yra svarbūs sudarant kontraktus profesionaliame ledo ritulyje? Išvados 1. Galima išskirti šiuos ledo ritulininkams keliamus reikalavimus dėl viešojo įvaizdžio: draudžiami vieši pasisakymai ir interviu be klubo vadovybės žinios, yra reikalaujama dėvėti klubo aprangą (ypatingai esant išvykoje), kontraktuose yra punktas draudžiantis viešai skelbti vidines klubo problemas,yra reikalaujama laikytis etiketo normų. Taip pat dalis respondentų atsisakė nurodyti kontraktuose esančius viešojo įvaizdžio reikalavimus (greičiausiai tai siejama su kontrakto konfidencialumu). 2. Sportininko įvaizdį labiausiai įtakoja šie veiksniai: elgesys laisvalaikio metu, žiniasklaida, santykiai su treneriu, dalyvavimas socialinėse akcijose, asmeninis meistriškumas, klubas, kuriam atstovaujama, rūkalų bei svaigalų vartojimas, dažni konfliktai rungtynių metu, tautybė, pilietybė, šeimyninė padėtis, dažna klubų kaita. 3. Svarbiausi sportininko įvaizdžio aspektai, darantys didžiausią įtaką jo kontrakto... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the research: to analise theoretically and empirically the meaning of the image of a sportsman signing the contract with anice hockey club. Organization of the research. The aim of this diploma paper is to find out the influence of the image of a sportsman (a hockey player) on his contract. This study is required in order to make the sportsman aware of the possible behavior to maximize the usefulness of the contract. Moreover, this research will be helpful for the professional ice hockey clubs when it comes to adjusting a contract. Human resources will be used for the proper investigation. The target group consists of the most titled Lithuanian clubs players. Survey forms for collecting the necessary information are prepared. The analysis will make it possible to conclude about the determinant factors meaningful to the sportsman image formation and their influence on the successful contract. Ice hockey players were given the questionnaire including 26 questions about various aspects of forming the image of a sportsman. 29 respondents were questioned in total including the sportsmen from different clubs in Lithuania and abroad. After questioning, the findings were analised by making graphs illustrating the frequency of response distributions. Conclusions. The personal image of a sportsman is becoming more and more important in all fields of Lithuanian sporting life, including ice-hockey, in recent years. The image of a sportsman is quite a new and little studied... [to full text]

Professional Ice Hockey, as it is played in the National Hockey League (NHL), has rules of engagement termed the “code” or “code of conduct” that govern the conduct and interaction of players during games that is separate from the rules as written in the National Hockey League Official Rules 2012-2013 (© Copyright 2012 National Hockey League). The research examined and interpreted the “rules and meanings” implicit in the “code” by reviewing and identifying themes in the popular media, academic literature and in depth interviews with two former NHL players. At the core of the research is a focus on the idea or concept of interpretation. The results and ideas presented were interpreted through the lens of the primary researcher. It was interpreted inductively from the interviews, transcript text, audio recordings, life experience and self-reflection. The ideas and themes developed were co-constructed somewhere within the relationship between the researcher, the recorded data, society, and the participants. In the fourth chapter, the research was interpreted, written and presented in the form of a play or ethnodrama. It was the intention of the research to present and explore themes surrounding violence in a non-polarizing manner. As a play, ideas that are usually sensationalized by the media can be expressed and identified through the life experience of “real” characters. The play form allows for a window into the motivation behind sanctioned and unsanctioned violence in the NHL, sport, and aspects of daily lives that are governed by unwritten rules. / Graduate / 0523 / 0534 / jbuxcey@uvic.ca

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect gender bias has in sports and howmarketing can be used to challenge gender bias. Design/methodology/approach – This paper will use data collected from 188 surveys from registered fans of the Linköping Hockey Club. Findings – This paper targets why female ice hockey is not as popular as male ice hockey. Theories such as marketing mix are used to identify the differences and similarities between thetwo teams as if they were products. Practical implications – Sports leagues and clubs with male and female teams could use the results to limit gender bias against women in sports. Originality/value – This will help limit gender bias through a marketing perspective, by specifically addressing gender bias in sports marketing.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to find, describe and analyse factors influencing the audience demand for Czech ice hockey extraliga matches and on the basis of the observed facts to try to suggest conceivable measures to increase such demand. There are especially mathematical and statistical methods widely applied in the practical part of the thesis. Particularly, arithmetic averages, correlation analyses and various kinds of specific coefficients are used. Average attendances and significance of individual factors are evaluated using the method of comparison, namely its factual, temporal as well as spatial form. The main contribution of this thesis consists mainly in the current mapping of the extraleague club fans' opinions and attitudes through the implementation of the comprehensive on-line survey whose results are contained in individual paragraphs.

Title: The analysis of shooting effectivity from rink area in EUHL by team of Charles University Objectives: The aim of submitted thesis is to determine the effectiveness of shooting in hockey team UK Prague in terms of the place of shooting, From which part of the offensive zone and which type of shots the biggest amount of goals was scored and vice versa, where the shooting did not succeed and shooting was not very effective. This thesis should indicate the possibilities of improving the scoring effectivity for the coming seasons. Methods: The diploma thesis uses the method of statistical data analysis. Statistical data were obtained in the form of indirect observation of video recordings of the hockey games. Results: From statistical data was found that in the 2018/2019 season were the most effective zone in terms of the place of scoring zones number 1 and 2, or the so-called slot. At the same time, it was found that the most effective way to score a goal was a rebound, and in the presence of a screening attacking player in front of the opponent's goalkeeper, were scored 38,16% of all goals. Keywords: Ice hockey, shooting, success, effectivity, scoring

Athletes participating in ice hockey are at a high risk of experiencing a concussion which can lead to impairments in cognitive functions. Deciding when a player can be returned to playing ice hockey is part of the concussion management called return to play (RTP). This can bebased on subjective or objective measures. Returning a concussed hockey player too soon can result in devastating consequences. This review aimed to investigate what objective measure could be used to assess a concussed player. It specifically focused on Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) and a cognitive motor integration (CMI) performance task. It was hypothesized that by combining the two could contribute to an optimal objective assessment and be used as accurate indicators in the RTP decision. This review involved searches from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science which resulted in a total of four articles. The amount of articles was a big limitation. Main findings are that concussed participants showed decreased cognitive performance relative to baseline despite subjectively reporting being symptom free. Findings in this review suggest that adding a CMI performance task to the ImPACT test battery could be a way to objectively catch several composites incognitive recovery including tasks that require higher levels of cognitive functioning. Administering an assessment based on two objective measures could add accuracy and contribute to a safe RTP not risking a second impact syndrome or prolonged cognitive impairments.

The subject of this work is the beginning of women's ice hockey in Kladno, Czech Republic. This study deals with the continuity of the team in its early years from 1986 to 1992. The author uses Clifford Geertz interpretative approach to culture and oral history as a method. The rise of Kladno women's hockey club is shown in the context of women's hockey history in the World and Czechoslovakia. The story of the club is based on analysis and interpretation of interviews which were led with seven hockey players from the first generation. The work shows everyday life of hockey players in Kladno and also shows the dynamic of the team life in late eighties. The whole story is situated in social and sport life in Kladno, where ice hockey was very popular game and entertainment. As a crucial factors, which helped the preservation of the club after it was abandoned by its founders, were identified firstly the transition of the team from "friendship first" club to the team where it is mostly important "what happened on the ice" secondly the ability of the first hockey players to accept new joiners. The paper explains founding of the tradition of one sport club in former Czechoslovakia.

Head impacts can result in various levels of brain trauma, from mild to severe, and often result in long lasting effects on human brain function (McAllister & McCrea, 2017; Sollmann et al., 2018). Over the past two decades alone the National Hockey League (NHL) has made several rule changes to the game (Marek, 2015; National Hockey League Official Rules 2010–11, 2010; National Hockey League Official Rules 2011–12, 2011; National Hockey League Official Rules 2014-15, 2014). Frequency and magnitude are needed to examine brain trauma as examining brain trauma solely on magnitude does not capture a full brain trauma profile or the long-term consequences of repetitive brain strain; higher frequencies at lower magnitudes of strain may result in long-term neurologic complications. The purpose of this study was to compare frequency of head impacts and frequency-magnitude of brain strain between the 2003-04 and 2016-17 seasons of North American professional ice hockey. Videos of head impact events from twenty 2003-04 and twenty 2016-17 regular season NHL games were analyzed. Head impact conditions were characterized by events type, inbound velocity, location and elevation, and reconstructed using physical and finite element model methods. Overall frequency of head impacts was similar between the two seasons. Head-to-glass had the highest frequency for event type in both seasons. Mann-Whitney U tests found there was a significant decrease in glove-to-head impact events in the 2016-17 season compared to the 2003-04 (U=111, p=0.009). There was also a significant decrease in the frequency of fight events in 2003-04 during regulation time when compared to 2016-17 (U=86, p<0.001). A significant increase in the frequency of head impacts within the low MPS level was found in the 2016-17 season compared to 2003-04 (U=130, p=0.050). Given the popularity of ice hockey nationally, continentally, and globally, the results of this study provide a better understanding of frequency of head impacts and magnitude of brain strain, allowing stakeholders to make informed decisions involving repetitive brain strain during the game and give insight in the effectiveness of rules involving head contact. Future studies should consider including the effect of rule changes on overtime and pre- and post-season game play compared to in-season games.

In recent years, the sport of women's ice hockey is growing fast worldwide. Upon winning the bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, women's ice hockey in China started to develop rapidly. However, the development of women's ice hockey in China has encountered numerous challenges. These challenges include addressing traditional Chinese culture, gender norms, and the process of sport reform. This study used a qualitative case study methodology to examine the perspectives of Chinese women ice hockey players, coaches, club administrators, government administrators, and the parents of youth hockey players to understand how women's ice hockey navigated itself within the institutional complexity to gain legitimacy, and how the different institutional logics impacted the identities of organizations within women's ice hockey in China. An abductive grounded theory approach was used to analyze the transcriptions and archived documents. Findings indicated that there were challenges for the development of women's ice hockey in China at macro level, meso level, and micro level. Actors such as hockey administrations, professional clubs, and ice hockey coaches and players at different levels adopted multiple forms of institutional work to find out ways to incorporate institutional structures that mitigated the fact that there were multiple logics. In addition, influenced by competing logics, the organizations created collective identities to balance those logics. This study provides insights into how the actors within sport organizations create a more satisfactory environment to gain legitimacy.

Ice hockey players are at a high risk to sustain a concussion. Most of the concussion-inducing hits are to the jaw region, nevertheless, most players do not wear any protective gear shielding the jaw.  This parametric study used finite element simulations in LS-Dyna to evaluate the potential of foam materials in a jaw guard that could be attached to a helmet to reduce the concussion risk.  Here, it was investigated how nine different foam materials influence the ability of the jawguard to protect against concussion. Furthermore, aspects like foam thickness, shell thickness, and the impacting object were evaluated. In a second part, the formerly used HIII head model was exchanged with the KTH HBM, a FE model with a detailed representation of a jaw, and it was looked at how a movable jaw affects the head kinematics. Stiffer foams with a certain stress-strain behavior tend to aid best in energy absorption in the simulated crash scenarios and therefore lower the risk of sustaining a concussion. Impact angle and location influence the result significantly. Two simulated impacts show a decrease in concussion risk by up to 8.2\% and 6.9\% respectively when the jawguard was implemented, while the two other impacts resulted in an increase in concussion risk. Shell and foam thickness variation results depend mostly on the impact scenarios. However, it was found that a soft impactor helps tremendously in avoiding concussions. The hits on the KTH HBM tend to produce higher linear and angular accelerations but no significant difference is seen in angular velocity.  In conclusion, using stiff foams in ice hockey jawguards is a promising approach to attenuate impact energy caused by a collision during an ice hockey game. However, the effect of the jawguard on the concussion risk is very sensitive to the impact location and direction.