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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo comparativo entre as reações de soroaglutinação microscópica e de fixação do complemento na leptospirose canina experimental pelos sorotipos icterohaemorrhagiae e canicola / Comparative study between microscopic sero-agglutination and complement repair reactions in experimental canine leptospirosis by icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola serotypes

Hagiwara, Mitika Kuribayashi 20 August 1979 (has links)
Com a finalidade de se analisar a dinâmica da evolução dos anticorpos na fase aguda da infecção, através das reações de soroaglutinação microscópica e de fixação do complemento, trinta animais foram inoculados experimentalmente com leptospiras patogênicas, sendo quinze com o sorotipo icterohaemorrhagiae e quinze com o sorotipo canicola. Procurou-se também avaliar a potencialidade do emprego dos antígenos preparados com amostras de leptospiras aquícolas estirpes Patoc I, Rufino e Buenos Aires, em ambas as reações. Os anticorpos fixadores do complemento foram observados na circulação sanguínea a partir do 49 dia após a inoculação em ambos os grupos de animais, enquanto as aglutininas foram detectadas a partir do 7º dia. Estas persistem durante um período maior de tempo, pois 50% dos animais inoculados com o sorotipo icterohaemorrhagiae apresentaram anticorpos circulantes no 56º dia após a inoculação e 80% dos cães inoculados com o sorotipo canicola, no 63º dia pós-infecção. Nessa oportunidade, os anticorpos fixadores do complemento não foram observados nos soros dos animais de ambos os grupos. As estirpes Patoc I e Rufino não foram-eficientes em revelar anticorpos circulantes em ambos os grupos experimentais tanto pela reação de soroaglutinação microscópica como pela reação de fixação do complemento, em proporções que justifiquem seu emprego como antígeno único. Entretanto, 87% dos cães inoculados com o sorotipo icterohaemorrhagiae e 80% dos cães inoculados com o sorotipo canicola foram reagentes quando se empregou a estirpe Buenos Aires nas reações de soroaglutinação microscópica e de fixação do complemento. / In order to evaluate the antibody response to pathogenic leptospira from both serotypes icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola, dogs were experimentally inoculated with these two serotypes. Bach of the serotypes were inoculated in 15 dogs and the antibody response in the acute phase of infection was followed using agglutination, and complement fixation tests. These tests were also performed using non pathogenic leptospira such as Patoc l, Rufino and Buenos Aires. Complement fixing antibodies were detected in both groups, at the 4th day post-infection and agglutinins only appeared in circulation at the 7th day post-infection when homologous antigens were used. On the 63rd day post-infection with canicola serotype and on the 56th day post-infection with the serotype icterohaemorrhagiae complement fixing antibody could no longer be detected but, in both experimental groups, specific agglutinins were present in significant tittles. The antigens Patoc I and Rufino were inefficient to detect circulating antibodies in experimentally infected animals. However, when the Buenos Aires antigen was used 87 percent of the animals infected with the serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and 80 per cent of the animals infected with the serotype canicola showed significant tittles of antibody.
2

Estudo comparativo entre as reações de soroaglutinação microscópica e de fixação do complemento na leptospirose canina experimental pelos sorotipos icterohaemorrhagiae e canicola / Comparative study between microscopic sero-agglutination and complement repair reactions in experimental canine leptospirosis by icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola serotypes

Mitika Kuribayashi Hagiwara 20 August 1979 (has links)
Com a finalidade de se analisar a dinâmica da evolução dos anticorpos na fase aguda da infecção, através das reações de soroaglutinação microscópica e de fixação do complemento, trinta animais foram inoculados experimentalmente com leptospiras patogênicas, sendo quinze com o sorotipo icterohaemorrhagiae e quinze com o sorotipo canicola. Procurou-se também avaliar a potencialidade do emprego dos antígenos preparados com amostras de leptospiras aquícolas estirpes Patoc I, Rufino e Buenos Aires, em ambas as reações. Os anticorpos fixadores do complemento foram observados na circulação sanguínea a partir do 49 dia após a inoculação em ambos os grupos de animais, enquanto as aglutininas foram detectadas a partir do 7º dia. Estas persistem durante um período maior de tempo, pois 50% dos animais inoculados com o sorotipo icterohaemorrhagiae apresentaram anticorpos circulantes no 56º dia após a inoculação e 80% dos cães inoculados com o sorotipo canicola, no 63º dia pós-infecção. Nessa oportunidade, os anticorpos fixadores do complemento não foram observados nos soros dos animais de ambos os grupos. As estirpes Patoc I e Rufino não foram-eficientes em revelar anticorpos circulantes em ambos os grupos experimentais tanto pela reação de soroaglutinação microscópica como pela reação de fixação do complemento, em proporções que justifiquem seu emprego como antígeno único. Entretanto, 87% dos cães inoculados com o sorotipo icterohaemorrhagiae e 80% dos cães inoculados com o sorotipo canicola foram reagentes quando se empregou a estirpe Buenos Aires nas reações de soroaglutinação microscópica e de fixação do complemento. / In order to evaluate the antibody response to pathogenic leptospira from both serotypes icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola, dogs were experimentally inoculated with these two serotypes. Bach of the serotypes were inoculated in 15 dogs and the antibody response in the acute phase of infection was followed using agglutination, and complement fixation tests. These tests were also performed using non pathogenic leptospira such as Patoc l, Rufino and Buenos Aires. Complement fixing antibodies were detected in both groups, at the 4th day post-infection and agglutinins only appeared in circulation at the 7th day post-infection when homologous antigens were used. On the 63rd day post-infection with canicola serotype and on the 56th day post-infection with the serotype icterohaemorrhagiae complement fixing antibody could no longer be detected but, in both experimental groups, specific agglutinins were present in significant tittles. The antigens Patoc I and Rufino were inefficient to detect circulating antibodies in experimentally infected animals. However, when the Buenos Aires antigen was used 87 percent of the animals infected with the serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and 80 per cent of the animals infected with the serotype canicola showed significant tittles of antibody.
3

Caracterização das leptospiras isoladas dos pacientes atendidos no Hospital Couto Maia.

Damião, Alcinéia Oliveira January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2015-09-29T16:45:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alcinéia Oliveira Damiao caracterização ....PDF.pdf: 1250268 bytes, checksum: 8e253d5ec93aa5123f3f85b88d8bc154 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2015-09-29T16:45:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alcinéia Oliveira Damiao caracterização ....PDF.pdf: 1250268 bytes, checksum: 8e253d5ec93aa5123f3f85b88d8bc154 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T16:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alcinéia Oliveira Damiao caracterização ....PDF.pdf: 1250268 bytes, checksum: 8e253d5ec93aa5123f3f85b88d8bc154 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / A leptospirose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial, com 1,2 milhões de casos registrados a cada ano. De 1996 a 2013, o grupo de pesquisa de leptospirose do CPqGM, realiza uma vigilância ativa no Hospital Couto Maia em Salvador-Ba, onde foi recrutado 4612 casos suspeitos para leptospirose. Destes 4612 foi confirmado o diagnóstico de 1853 (40%) utilizando pelo menos um dos três métodos de diagnóstico (MAT, Hemocultura, qPCR). Dentre os casos confirmados, 1759 (95%) foram confirmados pelo MAT. A sensibilidade do MAT foi diferente entre as amostras aguda e convalescente, sendo 60% na fase aguda e 97% na fase convalescente. O sorogrupo Icterohaemorrhagiae foi o mais prevalente (90%) dos casos confirmados para MAT. Durante o período do estudo foram coletadas 1133 hemoculturas e destas 203 (18%) foram positivas, sendo possível isolar leptospiras de 93/203 (45%) das hemoculturas, as quais foram soro-agrupadas com soros heterológos de coelho. A concordância entre o sorogrupo encontrado no MAT e na soro-agrupagem foi de 80%. Os achados mostram que existe uma concordância significante entre o sorogrupo encontrado pelos dois métodos, o que indica que o painel de cepas utilizado no MAT apresenta uma ótima cobertura para os sorogrupos prevalentes na região. A predominância de um sorogrupo facilitou quanto a tomadas de decisões para prevenção e controle, assim como facilita para o desenvolvimento de novos testes de diagnóstico e vacinas mais direcionados. / Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic disease of global importance, with 1,2 million cases reported each year. Diagnosis of leptospirosis is often difficult given the nonspecific disease presentation. In order to compare the performance of the two gold standard diagnostic tests for leptospirosis, the group enrolled 4612 patients with suspected leptospirosis during active surveillance at the state infectious disease reference hospital, Hospital Couto Maia, in Salvador, Bahia between 1996 and 2013. Of these, was confirmed Leptospira infection in 1853 (40%) using at least one of three diagnostic methods (microagglutination (MAT), blood culture, and qPCR). Was confirmed 1759 (95%) cases using only the MAT assay, and identified the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae as the infective agent in 90% of MAT positive samples. It was determined the sensitivity of the MAT was 60% for acute phase samples and increased to 97% for convalescent samples. Within this study period, it was possible to collect 1133 blood cultures and was isolated leptospires from 93 of 203 (45%) of blood cultures, and determined the serotype using heterologous rabbit sera. The concordance between the infective serogroup identified using hemoculture and MAT techniques was 80%. This result indicates that the panel of 11 strains used in the MAT represents a majority of the infective serogroups causing disease in our study population. The predominance of a single serogroup in symptomatic cases informs the development of new diagnostic tests and novel vaccines to prevent leptospirosis in Brazil.
4

Epidémiologie de la leptospirose aux Antilles françaises : apports du diagnostic par biologie moléculaire dans l'étude des facteurs de risques, des facteurs pronostiques et de l'incidence / Epidemiology of leptospirosis in French West Indies : contributions of diagnosis by molecular biology in the study of risk factors, pronostic factors, and incidence

Hochedez, Patrick 13 January 2015 (has links)
Leptospirose est la zoonose bactérienne la plus répandue dans le monde et son incidence est plus forte dans les régions tropicales où le taux de mortalité peut excéder 10%. Un diagnostic rapide est fondamental car le traitement a plus de chance d’être efficace lorsqu’il est précoce. Nous avons utilisé le diagnostic par biologie moléculaire (RT-PCR) pour contribuer à mieux connaitre l’épidémiologie de la leptospirose aux Antilles. Dans les deux premiers articles, nous rapportons pour la première fois en Martinique la survenue de cas groupés de leptospirose après des événements sportifs (course à pied, canyoning). La présence d’abrasions cutanées a été identifiée comme facteur de risque de l’infection et ces travaux ont mis en évidence l’intérêt du diagnostic par RT-PCR pour informer rapidement les personnes exposées et débuter tôt les antibiotiques. Le troisième travail est une étude de cohorte prospective portant sur 102 patients et nous rapportons l’association entre l’élévation de la concentration sanguine de leptospires mesurée à l’admission et la sévérité de la maladie. Les principaux éléments cliniques initiaux associés à la sévérité étaient l’hypotension, les anomalies auscultatoires, l’ictère et l’anurie. L’identification de l’espèce Leptospira interrogans, le sérovar Icterohaemorrhagiae /Copenhageni, et la présence de rats à domicile étaient aussi associés à la sévérité. L’utilisation du diagnostic par biologie moléculaire nous a permis de contribuer à l’étude de facteurs de risque et des facteurs pronostiques de la leptospirose, mais aussi à mieux connaître le poids réel de la maladie aux Antilles. / Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world and its incidence is higher in in tropical areas where its fatality rates can exceed 10%. Availability of rapid diagnostic tools is a top-priority, since antibiotic is more efficient when given early. In this work, we rely on molecular diagnosis (RT-PCR) to contribute to the study of leptospirosis epidemiology in the Caribbean. In the first two papers, we describe for the first time in Martinique outbreaks of leptospirosis after sporting events (trail running, canyoning). The occurrence of cutaneous abrasions was identified as a risk factor for infection and data from those outbreaks suggest that rapid diagnostic assays such as PCR are particularly appropriate in this setting for early diagnosis, information of exposed participants, and treatment during acute phase of the disease. The third paper is a cohort study of 102 patients and we report that high level leptospiremia at the time of admission was associated with severity of the disease. The main clinical findings at the time of admission that were associated with severe leptospirosis included: hypotension, chest auscultation abnormalities, icterus, and oligoanuria. Identification of Leptospira interrogans species, serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae/Copenhageni, and the presence of rats in the house were also associated with severity. Detection methods using RT-PCR allowed us to contribute to the study of risk and prognostic factors, but also to have a better understanding of leptospirosis public health impact in the Caribbean.

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