Stead argues that Hulme, with only one Maori great-grandparent, is not Maori enough to win a literary prize for Maori writing. The paper examines various means for dealing with the vexed question of how to judge whether someone of mixed ancestry can identify with the part of that ancestry that is a minority without risking appropriation of that culture. Hulme and the controversies surrounding her identity and her novel provide a useful focus.

As microcosms of German and Chinese societies, Munich Oktoberfest and Qingdao International Beer Festival are important manifestations of local culture. This study intends to answer the following question: to which extent are beer festivals in Germany and China related to local history and the local sense of place? A historical overview of the beer festivals in Munich and Qingdao is provided, as well as an analysis of how people seeking a sense of belonging creatively combine cognitive schemata of modernity with local cultural systems on a symbolic level. Through textual analysis and interviews, this study attempts to explore the historical development of beer festivals in Germany and China and provide an analysis case of place identity through beer symbols and tourist experience based on a historical and geographical framework regarding uniqueness, authenticity, liminality and local identity. Originating in local history, Oktoberfest has evolved from a folk festivity to a globally known tourist spectacle. Faced with modernisation, "Heimat" helps Germany in smoothing the tension between the traditional sense of place and the modern nation-state identity. As a former German colony, Qingdao celebrates its beer festival emphasising recreation and enjoyment above traditions. The local beer-related customs such as plastic bags and drinking with seafood reflect the cultural hybridity of Qingdao in which consumerism and nostalgia are combined in reaction to the vast tourism generated by globalisation and modernisation. It remains a challenge for beer festivals both in Germany and China facing homogenisation and commercialisation to maintain a genuine connection with people, especially the locals. Future work on beer festivals could explore a variety of beer events in other historical, national and contextual settings, different perspectives as well as genderisation, which will enrich the study on festival tourism and place identity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho busca investigar a relação entre corpo, lugar e modo de ser entre os Mbya Guarani, a partir de etnografia realizada em aldeias da região de Paraty RJ, mas principalmente naquela que se localiza na cidade de Niterói RJ. Levanta a questão do índio genérico como um emblema de afirmação de autenticidade (re)criado na relação com os não-índios, buscando contrastá-lo com a identidade guarani mbya, a partir de referências interiores ao grupo. Busca compreender também a relação diferenciada e específica que os Guarani Mbya estabeleceram com o ecossistema que circunda a aldeia de Niterói, localizada numa área dita urbana, levando em consideração seus modos de aproveitar os recursos que a flora e a fauna local são capazes de oferecer. Procura investigar a relação dos Guarani Mbya com elementos urbanos, originários da cultura não indígena, com os quais possuem vários níveis de familiaridade. Sugere, por fim, que a noção de pessoa/ alma, entendida sob a perspectiva religiosa dos Guarani Mbya, tenha fundamental importância para o entendimento da relação que se estabelece entre corpo, comunidade e lugar. / This work intend to investigate the relation between body, place and way of being among the Mbya Guarani, based in na etnography realized Paraty RJ region villages, but mostly at the one wich is licatted at Niterói RJ city. It Touch the question of the generic Indian as a symbol of authenticity affirmation (re)created in relation with non-indians, searching to contrast it with the guarani mbya identity, based on intra group references. Search to understand the differentiated and specific relation that the Guarani Mbya have with the ecosystem around the Niterói village, located in a so said urban area, including their ways of using the researches that the local flora and fauna are able to offer. Intend to investigate the relation between the Guarani Mbya and urban elements, from non-indigenous culturewith witch they have various levels of familiarity. Suggests finally that the person/soul notion, understood by the religious perspective of the Guarani Mbya, have essential importance for the comprehension of the relation between body, community and place.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho busca investigar a relação entre corpo, lugar e modo de ser entre os Mbya Guarani, a partir de etnografia realizada em aldeias da região de Paraty RJ, mas principalmente naquela que se localiza na cidade de Niterói RJ. Levanta a questão do índio genérico como um emblema de afirmação de autenticidade (re)criado na relação com os não-índios, buscando contrastá-lo com a identidade guarani mbya, a partir de referências interiores ao grupo. Busca compreender também a relação diferenciada e específica que os Guarani Mbya estabeleceram com o ecossistema que circunda a aldeia de Niterói, localizada numa área dita urbana, levando em consideração seus modos de aproveitar os recursos que a flora e a fauna local são capazes de oferecer. Procura investigar a relação dos Guarani Mbya com elementos urbanos, originários da cultura não indígena, com os quais possuem vários níveis de familiaridade. Sugere, por fim, que a noção de pessoa/ alma, entendida sob a perspectiva religiosa dos Guarani Mbya, tenha fundamental importância para o entendimento da relação que se estabelece entre corpo, comunidade e lugar. / This work intend to investigate the relation between body, place and way of being among the Mbya Guarani, based in na etnography realized Paraty RJ region villages, but mostly at the one wich is licatted at Niterói RJ city. It Touch the question of the generic Indian as a symbol of authenticity affirmation (re)created in relation with non-indians, searching to contrast it with the guarani mbya identity, based on intra group references. Search to understand the differentiated and specific relation that the Guarani Mbya have with the ecosystem around the Niterói village, located in a so said urban area, including their ways of using the researches that the local flora and fauna are able to offer. Intend to investigate the relation between the Guarani Mbya and urban elements, from non-indigenous culturewith witch they have various levels of familiarity. Suggests finally that the person/soul notion, understood by the religious perspective of the Guarani Mbya, have essential importance for the comprehension of the relation between body, community and place.