Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Previous studies on the regulation of salt and water reabsorption in the insect excretory system have concentrated on the rectum, while regulation of the ileum has received little attention. Cl⁻ transport is the predominant ion transport process in both the ileum and rectum of the desert locust and drives fluid absorption. The central nervous system (CNS) was surveyed for factors which stimulate Cl⁻-dependent short-circuit current (I[formula omitted]) using in vitro flat sheet preparations of locust ileum as a bioassay. All ganglia extracts tested (except the corpora allata) caused significant increases in ileal I[formula omitted]. Extracts of muscle tissue, used as a control, had no effect on ileal I[formula omitted] indicating that stimulants were not general metabolites present in locust tissue. Crude extracts of the corpus cardiacum (CC) and fifth ventral ganglion (VG5) stimulated ileal I[formula omitted] in a dose-dependent manner and both caused an increase in K⁺ and Na⁺ absorption as previously observed with cAMP. CC and VG5 had no effect on ileal NH₄⁺ secretion but both inhibited ileal H⁺ secretion. Most of the stimulatory effects of CC and VG were largely abolished by treatment with trypsin and chymotrypsin, suggesting that the stimulants were peptides. CC and VG5 factors were apparently separate compounds because they differed in the time courses of ileal I[formula omitted] response, thermal stability, and extraction properties. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of water extracts of CC identified two distinct factors (fractions D and F) which stimulated ileal I[formula omitted] and a third factor (fraction G) which had little effect on I[formula omitted], but which caused a five-fold increase in ileal fluid transport (J[formula omitted]). None of these fractions increased rectal J[formula omitted]; moreover, fraction D stimulated rectal I[formula omitted] at higher doses. These results provided the first indication that separate stimulants act on locust rectum and ileum. The most potent factor in CC acting on ileal I[formula omitted] was isolated using a four-step purification procedure, utilizing C₈ and phenyl RP-columns for separation. Amino acid analysis of this purified peptide indicated a molecular weight of 7700 daltons and a near complete amino acid sequence (50 out of 65) was determined. The purified factor (S. gregaria ion transport peptide; ScgITP) was assayed on all ileal ion transport processes influenced by crude CC extracts. ScgITP caused quantitatively the same range of effects as crude CC extracts, in that it stimulated Cl⁻, K⁺, and Na⁺ reabsorption and inhibited H⁺ secretion. High doses of ScgITP (5 CC equiv.ml⁻¹) caused the same maximum response on all these systems as crude CC extracts (0.25 CC equiv.ml⁻¹). ScglTP is unlikely to be chloride transport stimulating hormone, previously reported to act on the rectum, because a maximum rectal I[formula omitted] response was not achieved and there was no effect on rectal J[formula omitted], which is Cl⁻-dependent. It appears that ScgITP acts through cAMP as the second messenger to stimulate reabsorptive processes because this cyclic nucleotide mimicked the actions of ScgITP and crude CC extracts. In support of this view, ileal I[formula omitted] was also stimulated to maximum levels by 5mM theophylline and 50μM forskolin. The inhibition of H⁺ secretion by ScgITP must occur through a different intracellular pathway because this action was not mimicked by cAMP. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

O autor estudou comparativamente, em coelhos, enxertos autólogos retirados do crânio e da crista ilíaca. Os animais foram divididos em dois lotes, crânio e crista ilíaca e a seguir distribuídos em três grupos diferentes, de acordo com o tempo de incorporação do enxerto ósseo. Foram correlacionados as medidas das dimensões e peso do enxerto com os achados histológicos realizados após o sacrifício do animal. O autor observou que o enxerto autólogo de crista ilíaca apresentou maior reabsorção que o de crânio aos sessenta dias. O enxerto autólogo de crânio iniciou a formação óssea mais precocemente que o enxerto de crista ilíaca / The author compared cranial and iliac crest autogenous bone grafts using an experimental model in rabbits. 57 animals were studied and divided in three different groups, according with the time of evaluation, of the bone graft, 18, 30 and 60 days after the first procedure. Before being positioned on the nasal bone and fixed with a screw, the bone grafts were measured and weighted. The same measures were done at the time of removal of the bone graft and all these datas were correlated with the information achieved with histomorphometric parameters of osteogenesis (bone volume, osteoid volume, osteoid surface, osteoblastic surface and osteoid thickness) and of bone resorption (osteoclastic surface and resorption surface). The author concluded: the relation final wight/inicial weight in the cranial bone grafts was greater than in the iliac crest bone grafts; the osteogenesis was smaller on the 18th day in the iliac crest bone grafts group than the control group; the osteogenesis was greater in the cranial bone grafts group than the iliac crest bone grafts group on the 18th and 30th day after bone grafting; the bone resorption was greater in the iliac crest bone grafts group than the cranial bone grafts group after 60 days; the presence of superficial osteogenesis was increased in the cranial bone grafts.

Diagnosing the sex of subadult skeletal material is a difficult task for bioarchaeologists and forensic anthropologists. Metric and nonmetric techniques have been tested utilizing both fetal (Boucher 1957, Weaver 1980) and juvenile (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Weaver 1980) skeletal remains. Some metric techniques show promise in estimating the sex of juvenile skeletons, but most are found to be lacking in adequate accuracies (Holcomb and Konigsberg 1995, Weaver 1980). Nonmetric techniques have been found to be more accurate, performing better than chance (Loth and Henneberg 2001, Mittler and Sheridan 1992, Weaver 1980). This study adds to this conversation, utilizing the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, testing the accuracy of eight nonmetric traits of the subadult mandible and ilium for use in forensic investigations and bioarchaeological research. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

O autor estudou comparativamente, em coelhos, enxertos autólogos retirados do crânio e da crista ilíaca. Os animais foram divididos em dois lotes, crânio e crista ilíaca e a seguir distribuídos em três grupos diferentes, de acordo com o tempo de incorporação do enxerto ósseo. Foram correlacionados as medidas das dimensões e peso do enxerto com os achados histológicos realizados após o sacrifício do animal. O autor observou que o enxerto autólogo de crista ilíaca apresentou maior reabsorção que o de crânio aos sessenta dias. O enxerto autólogo de crânio iniciou a formação óssea mais precocemente que o enxerto de crista ilíaca / The author compared cranial and iliac crest autogenous bone grafts using an experimental model in rabbits. 57 animals were studied and divided in three different groups, according with the time of evaluation, of the bone graft, 18, 30 and 60 days after the first procedure. Before being positioned on the nasal bone and fixed with a screw, the bone grafts were measured and weighted. The same measures were done at the time of removal of the bone graft and all these datas were correlated with the information achieved with histomorphometric parameters of osteogenesis (bone volume, osteoid volume, osteoid surface, osteoblastic surface and osteoid thickness) and of bone resorption (osteoclastic surface and resorption surface). The author concluded: the relation final wight/inicial weight in the cranial bone grafts was greater than in the iliac crest bone grafts; the osteogenesis was smaller on the 18th day in the iliac crest bone grafts group than the control group; the osteogenesis was greater in the cranial bone grafts group than the iliac crest bone grafts group on the 18th and 30th day after bone grafting; the bone resorption was greater in the iliac crest bone grafts group than the cranial bone grafts group after 60 days; the presence of superficial osteogenesis was increased in the cranial bone grafts.

Orientador: Bruno Livani / Texto em português e inglês / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T08:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrade_CristianeTonoliVelozo_M.pdf: 5629849 bytes, checksum: 2e2aa39c4f1722f7e7824c4663ff94f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Muitos métodos têm sido usados para o tratamento de falhas ósseas segmentares, como alongamento ósseo, enxerto ósseo não vascularizado, enxerto de banco de osso. Com o advento da técnica microcirúrgica moderna o retalho ósseo vascularizado tem sido usado com bons resultados ao possibilitar resolver problemas quanto à nutrição local e reparo de partes moles. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com 11 pacientes tratados com esta técnica nos últimos três anos na nossa instituição, com o objetivo de relatar a experiência dos autores no emprego do retalho vascularizado da crista ilíaca para tratamento de defeitos ósseos moderados (até 10 cm). Foram analisadas características do paciente, tamanho e etiologia do defeito, complicações e tempo para consolidação total. Todos os retalhos consolidaram num período médio de três meses. A união radiográfica foi definida com a presença de calo ósseo, trabéculas ósseas contínuas entre o enxerto e osso do local, além da presença de três corticais ósseas nas radiografias de frente e perfil. A consolidação clínica foi considerada pela remissão completa da dor e pela ausência de mobilidade ao estresse na região do retalho. Dessa forma, o retalho da crista ilíaca é mais uma opção a ser usada nos casos de lesões do aparelho locomotor, com bons resultados funcionais e pequena morbidade ao sítio doador / Abstract: Bone loss can be treated in several ways, including bone lengthening, non-vascularized bone grafts, and database bone grafts. With the advent of modern microsurgical techniques, the vascularized bone flap has been used with good results as it resolves problems of soft tissue nutrition and repair. We retrospectively analyzed all 11 patients treated in our institution using this technique over the last 3 years to report our experience with the use of the vascularized iliac crest flap in treating moderate bone loss (up to 10 cm). The patient characteristics, size and etiology of the defect, complications, and total consolidation period were analyzed. All flaps consolidated within an average of 3 months. Radiographic healing was defined by the presence of callus, continuous trabecular bone formation between the graft and receptor bone, and the presence of three cortical bones. Clinical healing was based on the absence of pain and return to daily life activities. The iliac crest flap is another option for treating bone loss, since it produces good functional results and has low donor-site morbidity / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestra em Ciências

No description available.

No / A revised method for estimating adult age at death using the auricular surface of the ilium has been developed. It is based on the existing auricular surface aging method of Lovejoy et al. ([1985] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:15-28), but the revised technique is easier to apply, and has low levels of inter- and intraobserver error. The new method records age-related stages for different features of the auricular surface, which are then combined to provide a composite score from which an estimate of age at death is obtained. Blind tests of the method were carried out on a known-age skeletal collection from Christ Church, Spitalfields, London. These tests showed that the dispersion of age at death for a given morphological stage was large, particularly after the first decade of adult life. Statistical analysis showed that the age-related changes in auricular surface are not significantly different for males and females. The scores from the revised method have a slightly higher correlation with age than do the Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis stages. Considering the higher survival rates of the auricular surface compared with the pubic symphysis, this method promises to be useful for biological anthropology and forensic science.

Studies of sexual dimorphism of the sacrum have generally been conducted as part of broader population research or on living persons and cadavers, making the anthropological literature sparse. The greater sciatic notch and the preauricular sulcus of the ilium have both been found to show sexual dimorphism, although studies of these traits often have ambiguous definitions of characteristics and lack the standardization of measurements. This research was designed to reexamine and test the accuracy of standard scoring systems and measurements of the posterior pelvis used to determine sex and to establish new formulae combining traits and measurements to accurately determine sex using logistic regression analysis. A series of metric measurements and morphological scores were recorded for 104 males and 106 females of both European- and African-American ancestry from the William M. Bass and Terry Collections. In order to reexamine previous research conducted on the posterior pelvis, standard ratios of metric measurements were analyzed to determine ranges and cut-off values for males and females in this sample. The ratio of ala width to the maximum transverse diameter of the sacral base and the ratio of the length and width of the sciatic notch have proven to be the most useful ratios in sex determination, though not as accurate as the formulae created using logistic regression. These data were also analyzed in SPSS using logistic regression to assess the usefulness of metric measurements and morphological scores of the posterior pelvis in sex determination. Using stepwise logistic regression, a combination of traits for both the sacrum and posterior ilium that are the most reliable and accurate for sex determination have been determined. The values for these selected traits can be incorporated into the log odds formulas which will classify an individual as male or female. The ultimate goal of this research was to provide physical anthropologists with iii logistic regression equations that can be used to estimate the sex of the posterior ilium and sacrum. Two equations ranging in accuracy from 79-84% were developed to determine sex of the posterior pelvis.