No description available.

No description available.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Pharmacie. Pharmacochimie : Nantes : 2007. / Bibliogr.

Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 2002.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19565号 / 医博第4072号 / 新制||医||1013(附属図書館) / 32601 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 江藤 浩之, 教授 前川 平, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Abstract not available

Weed control in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is challenging because of poor crop competition ability and limited herbicide options. Development of chickpea varieties with resistance to different herbicide modes of action would be desirable. Resistance to imidazolinone (IMI) herbicides in chickpea has been previously identified, but the genetic inheritance and the mechanism were unknown. In many plant species, IMI resistance is caused by point mutation(s) in the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene resulting in an amino acid substitution. This changes the enzyme configuration at the herbicide binding site, preventing the herbicide attachment to the molecule. The main research objective was to genetically characterize chickpea resistance to imidazolinone herbicides. Two homologous AHAS genes, namely AHAS1 and AHAS2 sharing 80% similarity were identified in the chickpea genome. A point mutation in AHAS1 at cytosine 675 thymine 675 resulting in an amino acid substitution from alanine 205 to valine 205 confers the resistance to imidazolinone in chickpea. A KASP marker targeting the point mutation was developed and effectively predicted the herbicide response in the RIL population. This same population was used in molecular mapping where the major locus for herbicide resistance was mapped to chromosome 5. Segregation analysis demonstrated that the resistance is inherited as a single gene in a semi-dominant fashion. To study the synteny of AHAS across plant species, lentil (Lens culinaris) AHAS1 was sequenced. The same mutation that confers the resistance to imidazolinone in chickpea was also found in lentil. Phylogenetic analysis indicated independent clustering of AHAS1 and AHAS2 across pulse species. In vivo and in vitro AHAS enzyme activity analysis showed inhibition of AHAS activity in the susceptible genotype CDC Frontier over time and with the increasing imidazolinone concentrations. In contrast, the resistant genotype CDC Cory did not show AHAS inhibition under the same treatments. In summary, the simple genetic inheritance and the availability of KASP marker could aid in the development of chickpea varieties with resistance to imidazolinone herbicide.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Tübingen.

Cyclic ketene-N,N-acetal chemistry was explored. 2-Methylimidazoline and 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives were prepared from the condensation reactions of diamines with nitriles under Lewis acid catalysis and used as the precursors of cyclic ketene-N,N-acetals including the N-methyl and N-acyl cyclic ketene-N,N-acetals. The reactions of 2-methylimidazoline with excess benzoyl chlorides in THF or MeCN in the presence of triethylamine generate N,N'-diacyl-beta-keto-cyclic ketene-N,N-acetals. The corresponding reactions of 1,2-dimethylimidazoline under the same conditions form the ring-opened (Z)-3-((2-benzamidoethyl)(methyl)amino)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-enyl benzoates. The latter reactions feature the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-nitrogen bonds, and carbon-oxygen bonds in one operation. The reactions of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine with excess acid chlorides in Et3N/THF generate N,N-diacyl-cyclic ketene-N,N-acetals, with no further acylation on the exocyclic beta-carbons. In contrast, the reactions of 1,2-dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine under the same conditions form N-acyl-N'-methyl-beta,beta-diketo-cyclic ketene-N,N-acetals, with the dual acylations on the exocyclic beta-carbons. Significant double bond torsion and elongation were observed by the X-ray analysis of an example compound from the latter reactions. The reactions of 2-methylimidazoline and 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine with 1,3-diacid chlorides, in the presence of Et3N in refluxing MeCN give highly functionalized potentially bioactive 1,8-naphthyridinetetraones. 2-Methylimidazoline and 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetra-hydropyrimidine can be viewed as tridentate nucleophiles which give four consecutive tandem nucleophilic attacks on electrophiles. The reactions of 1,2-dimethylimidazoline and 1,2-dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine with isocyanates in refluxing MeCN gave bicyclic pyrimidinediones. The reactions of N,N'-dimethyl cyclic ketene-N,N-acetals with various isocyanates generated push-pull alkenes which have never been reported. Significant elongations and torsions of the polarized carbon-carbon double bonds in the novel push-pull alkenes were observed using the X-ray crystallography. The stronger pushing effect of the six-membered cyclic ketene acetal portion in a push-pull alkene, versus the five-membered analog, was detected by reactivity differences for the first time.