Bakgrund Amning minskar i Sverige liksom i flera andra länder, både i tidslängd och omfattning. Detta trots positiva effekter för både mor och barn. Personal inom mödra- och barnhälsovårdens har som uppgift att främja amning. Forskning visar att en positiv attityd till amning gynnar amningen som spädbarnsuppfödning.  Därför finns det anledning att undersöka blivande mödrars tankar om amning. Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur gravida förstföderskor uppfattar fenomenet amning. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ studie där semi-strukturerade intervjuer användes för datainsamling. Totalt deltog 10 kvinnor i studien. Dataanalysen gjordes med fenomenografisk analysmetod. Resultatet: Gravida förstföderskors uppfattning av fenomenet amning var att det är en naturlig process vid barnafödande. De uppfattade amning som ett självklart val före någon annan uppfödningsmetod. Ett eget val av kvinnorna som inte påverkades av omgivningen. Partnerns betydelse är viktig för kvinnan, då hon förväntar sig dennes stöd. Kvinnorna reflekterar över amning när andra ser, offentlig amning, men detta är inget hinder i hennes val att amma. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att kvinnorna uppfattar amning som något naturligt de själva valt att göra. De upplevde att partnern var ett viktigt stöd. Kvinnorna hade reflekterat över amning när andra är närvarande då detta var något som uppmärksammats mycket i media. / Background: Breastfeeding decreases in Sweden as in many others countries, both in duration and scope. Thus despite the positive effects it has for both mothers and child. Midwives and nurses will promote breastfeeding. Evidence shows that a positive attitude towards breastfeeding will patronize this as infantfeeding. Therefore, there is reason to identify how expectant mothers think about breastfeeding. Aim: To describe pregnant primigravidas perceives the phenomenon of breastfeeding. Method: A qualitative study with phenomenographic analysis was used. Semistructured interviews were performed to collect data. 10 women were interviewed. Results: Pregnant primigravidas perception of the phenomenon of breastfeeding is that it´s a natural process of childbirth. They consider it as the best choice as infantfeeding. Their choice where not influenced by the surroundings, it were the women's own decision. Partner's role where important for the woman when she was expecting his support. The woman's reflected upon breastfeeding when other see, public breastfeeding, but this where no obstacle in her choice to breastfeed. Conclusion: The result showed that the women perceive breastfeeding as a natural choice that they themselves have chosen to use as infantfeeding. They felt that their partner where an important support. The women consider about breastfeeding in public something that attracted much attention in media.

In recent years, madrassahs and their education systems in many developing countries - and specifically in Pakistan - have attracted much attention from researchers and policymakers at the local and international level. The main focus has been on the reform of madrassahs, their political activism and, more specifically, studies which attempted to investigate their alleged links with militancy. Moreover, madrassah education has been questioned for its relevance to the contemporary needs of individuals and societies. However, despite focusing on many dimensions of madrassahs, few studies have tried to understand madrassah education within the economic, socio-religious and cultural context of Pakistan. A number of publications have reached generalised conclusions about the madrassah education system in Pakistan. Inspired by this, and by adopting qualitative research methods, this study focused on two main research questions:(a) Why do people prefer a madrassah education and what type of factors shape their preference? (b) What are the socio-economic impacts of a madrassah education on individuals and at community level? Researcher conducted a field study of more than six months in the Chach (Attock) region of Pakistan. Different students, parents, madrassah teachers and key informants were interviewed to collect required informations. The findings of the study revealed that different economic backgrounds, parental religious interests, individuals' personal religious interests, and social norms and cultural values shape preferences for a madrassah education. Moreover, this study also revealed that there exist various socio-economic impacts of a madrassah education on individuals and at community level. However, a madrassah education has often caused conflict in communities. The study shows that while a madrassah education creates barriers to achieving modern skills and incomes, its social benefits are valuable for those living within socio-cultural constraints in rural areas. Specifically, it enhances the social status and agency of women. The study also shows that madrassah education is an opportunity for those who otherwise would have no other option to study. This study concludes that there is a need to re-think madrassah education within the economic, social, cultural and religious context of Pakistan. This study has practical implications for practitioners, madrassahs and researchers, and it also suggests further research related to madrassah education.