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In this study, the associated dynamic of water droplets at low impact velocity on the Superhydrophobic surface have been investigated. The experiment is conducted on superhydrophobic surface (SH), (Contact Angel > 1500) while varying the impact velocity (V0). When the drop hits the surface, large oscillation starts, and the capillary waves travel up to the upper of the drop where a cylindrical cavity can be formed inside the drop. The cavity closes up in a self-similar way until collapse, followed by a violent singular jet which can reach up to 35 m/s. The study showed that during drop receding, the cavity can collapse in different scenarios based on the impact velocity and the surface wettability. More importantly, the collapse is observed for the first time at very high-speed video, up to 5 million fps. Furthermore, we correct the optical distortion of the cavity due to the curvature of the drop surface. This study classifies all of the 5 encountered behaviors of the cavity collapse. The jet formation and speed are strongly dependent on the specific cavity configuration. Very fast jetting behavior is observed when the collapse is pinch-off singularity which reaches zero value in the middle of the drop. Other behaviors of the collapse such the unsymmetrical closing of the cavity or bubble entrapment is discussed. The optical distortion factor is calculated through 3 different approaches. The first one is an experimental calibration technique where a small cylinder is inserted into the drop. While the other two approaches are indirect implantations of theoretical models presented in the literature to fit the instantaneous geometrical shape of the cavity inside the drop. The distortion factor (DF) gives in all cases a similar value. Therefore, the averaged distortion value is calculated, and it is a magnification of 33% increase of the actual size. The experiment results of the cavity radius are compared with power-laws and the modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation for free cylindrical flow and good agreement is shown.

Phase-redistribution and full-phase separation data were generated for two-phase (air-water) flow splitting at an equal-sided impacting tee junction with a horizontal inlet and inclined outlets. The flow loop incorporated a tee junction machined in an acrylic block with the three sided having an equal diameter of 13.5 ± 0.1 mm I.D. Both sets of experiments were conducted at a nominal pressure (Ps) of 200 kPa (abs) and near-ambient temperature (Ts). The operating conditions for the phase-redistribution experiments were as follows: inlet superficial liquid velocities (JL1) ranging from 0.01 to 0.18 m/s, inlet qualities (x1) ranging from 0.1 to 0.9, mass split ratios (W3/W1) from 0 to 1.0, and outlet inclination angles ranging from horizontal to vertical. These inlet conditions corresponded to inlet flow regimes of stratified, wavy, and annular. Phase-redistribution data revealed that the redistribution of phases depended on the inlet conditions, the mass split ratio at the junction, and the inclination angle of the outlets. The magnitude of the inclination effect was dependent on the inlet flow regime. The phase redistribution in stratified flow was very sensitive to the outlet angle and full separation could be achieved at angles as low as 0.7°. Wavy flow was less sensitive to the outlet angle and annular flow was even less sensitive to the outlet angle. The capability of a single impacting tee junction to perform as a full phase separator has been examined. Experimental data were obtained for the limiting inlet conditions under which full separation was attainable at various outlet inclinations (θ) of 2.5°, 7.5°, 15°, 30°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Full separation data have shown that a single impacting tee junction can perform as a full-phase separator for some inlet conditions. Flow phenomena near the limiting conditions were observed and a simple correlation based on the similarity between these flow phenomena and the phenomenon of liquid entrainment in small upward branches was developed. This correlation was capable of accurate prediction of the data in terms of magnitude and trend.

Phase-redistribution and full-phase separation data were generated for two-phase (air-water) flow splitting at an equal-sided impacting tee junction with a horizontal inlet and inclined outlets. The flow loop incorporated a tee junction machined in an acrylic block with the three sided having an equal diameter of 13.5 ± 0.1 mm I.D. Both sets of experiments were conducted at a nominal pressure (Ps) of 200 kPa (abs) and near-ambient temperature (Ts). The operating conditions for the phase-redistribution experiments were as follows: inlet superficial liquid velocities (JL1) ranging from 0.01 to 0.18 m/s, inlet qualities (x1) ranging from 0.1 to 0.9, mass split ratios (W3/W1) from 0 to 1.0, and outlet inclination angles ranging from horizontal to vertical. These inlet conditions corresponded to inlet flow regimes of stratified, wavy, and annular. Phase-redistribution data revealed that the redistribution of phases depended on the inlet conditions, the mass split ratio at the junction, and the inclination angle of the outlets. The magnitude of the inclination effect was dependent on the inlet flow regime. The phase redistribution in stratified flow was very sensitive to the outlet angle and full separation could be achieved at angles as low as 0.7°. Wavy flow was less sensitive to the outlet angle and annular flow was even less sensitive to the outlet angle. The capability of a single impacting tee junction to perform as a full phase separator has been examined. Experimental data were obtained for the limiting inlet conditions under which full separation was attainable at various outlet inclinations (θ) of 2.5°, 7.5°, 15°, 30°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Full separation data have shown that a single impacting tee junction can perform as a full-phase separator for some inlet conditions. Flow phenomena near the limiting conditions were observed and a simple correlation based on the similarity between these flow phenomena and the phenomenon of liquid entrainment in small upward branches was developed. This correlation was capable of accurate prediction of the data in terms of magnitude and trend.

There has been a shortage of registered nurses in the United States for more than a decade, and an aging population is increasing this problem. This study was prompted by the number of associate degree nursing graduates at a Midwestern community college failing the NCLEX-RN licensure exam, which is required for employment. The purpose of this study was to explore associate degree graduate nurses' views of the effectiveness of classroom and clinical training on NCLEX -RN exam performance. Guided by the conceptual framework of Bigg's students' approaches to learning, which maintains deep learning is associated with achievement of learning outcomes, this qualitative case study investigated ways to improve success on the licensure exam. The central research questions examined the perceptions of what nursing school experiences contributed to NCLEX-RN success or failure. Semistructured interviews with 5 recent graduates who have been successful and 5 who failed the exam were conducted to gather the data. Triangulation and member checking were used to improve the quality of the data. The student perceptions were coded to identify emerging themes. The following themes that impact NCLEX performance were identified: extreme anxiety, fear of failure, faculty student relationships, and approach to learning. The findings revealed the need for additional faculty training in curriculum and instruction, reducing stress and building self-confidence. Based upon these findings, faculty were encouraged to participate in a 3-day professional development activity designed to improve their skills in preparing students to take the nursing examination. Possible social changes can benefit healthcare institutions, nursing graduates, and community by expanding the nursing workforce.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and especially during the last decade, a multitude of changes and reforms affecting the business environment of the Russian Federation were observable. This thesis discusses already existing findings and theories dealing with business-impacting changes in the Russian market and investigates their impact on companies operating in the medical technical sector. Moreover, it is examined to what extent networks serve as a mediator between recent and upcoming business-impacting changes and medical device companies. For this purpose, an explanatory multiple case study is conducted which comprises two cases of medical technical companies as well as two institutions which are very familiar with the Russian market. The empirical analysis is based on a framework which summarizes in literature identified business-impacting changes. These are the membership of the WTO, the increasing overall wealth of the Russian population, different political programs to fight corruption and to decrease the extent of bureaucracy as well as various kinds of health care reforms which are launched to deal with the poor health care outcomes of the Russian Federation. Contrary to findings in literature, it is found that the WTO membership as well as the launch of different political programs has no notable impact on companies operating in the medical technical sector. Different health care reforms and an increasing overall wealth of the Russian population, on the other hand, have positive impacts on the demand for medical device products. Moreover, access to well-established networks in the Russian market is a possibility for medical device producers to evaluate the actual effect of business-impacting changes and to initiate corresponding activities. It was found that a clear distinction between different kinds of networks, such as business and social networks, cannot be clearly made for the case of the Russian market.

This study explores the role of `community' within a university campus Learning Community (LC). With a cohort-based structure, an LC exists to enhance student learning through peer cooperation and participation, however the scope of what constitutes community within these cohorts is not currently understood. This study investigates the roles of individual reciprocity, communication, need, time, and physical environment in community building, utilizing qualitative interviews and observations of a 30 member LC over the course of two academic years and a four-week study abroad experience in Panama. Through this, the vital roles of the orientation period and programming staff are revealed and should be considered in order to generate more effective LCs with stronger cohort communities.

This study explore the expectation gap between students and audit practitioners, and if certain factors have any significant impact on the students conformity to the practitioners expectations. The study is limited to business students and audit practitioners. We used an Independent Sam-ples T-Test and Pearson Correlation Analysis to conduct the analysis of 286 student responses and 98 practitioner responses. The results confirm previous research; the expectation gap exists. The findings concerning the relationship between factors and students conformity were some-what inconsistent. However, we found a statistically significant proof that students with work-life, trainee and internship experiences conformed better to audit practitioners. Our study offers further insight to the subject of the expectation gap by suggesting that some factors, such as internship experiences, can improve students’ conformity to audit practitioners regarding the importance of skills.

A necessidade de analisar os fatores que impactam na qualidade do ensino superior levou a pesquisas em documentos eletrônicos e livros. Foi aplicado um questionário aberto com 154 perguntas feitas a 80 alunos que deu origem a 33 itens e um questionário fechado. Utilizando a análise de correlação, observou-se que os dados apurados são fracamente correlacionados, com poucas correlações acima de 0,5, inviabilizando tal aplicação. Como alternativa, foi aplicada a técnica de agrupamento de variáveis (dendograma) que embora tenham-se formado alguns agrupamentos de variáveis correspondentes, a porcentagem foi muito abaixo do esperado. A análise semântica, que compara as variáveis agrupando-as por semelhança mostrou ser a melhor fórmula para identificar os fatores que impactam na qualidade do ensino: a competência dos professores, mestres e doutores, e a infraestrutura da instituição que influencia para que o aluno adquira ou aperfeiçoe seus conhecimentos. / The need to analyze the factors that impact the quality of higher education has led to research into electronic documents and books. An open questionnaire with 154 questions to 80 students who gave birth to 33 items and a closed questionnaire was applied. Using correlation analysis, it was observed that the data gathered are weakly correlated with few correlations above 0.5, preventing such an application. Alternatively, it was applied to variable clustering technique (dendogram) that although they have been formed some corresponding variables groups, the percentage was much lower than expected. Semantic analysis, which compares the variables grouping them by similarity proved to be the best formula to identify the factors that impact the quality of education: competence of teachers, teachers and doctors, and the infrastructure of the institution that influences so that students acquire or perfect their knowledge.

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