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abstract: Musical Impressionism has been most significantly reflected through the works of Claude Debussy (1862-1918) and Maurice Ravel (1875-1937). These two key figures exhibit the essence of this art and their piano music remains substantial, influential, and frequently assigned and played today. Nevertheless, from a pedagogical perspective, important factors required in achieving a successful performance of Debussy and Ravel's piano music--delicate tone production, independent voicing, complicated rhythm, sensitive pedaling, and a knowledgeable view of Impressionism--are musically and technically beyond the limit of early advanced students. This study provides a collection of short piano pieces by nine lesser-known European and American composers--Edward MacDowell (1861-1908), Charles Griffes (1884-1920), Marion Bauer (1887-1955), Cyril Scott (1879-1970), Arnold Bax (1883-1953), Selim Palmgren (1878-1951), Ottorino Respighi (1879-1936), Jacques Ibert (1890-1962) and Federico Mompou (1893-1987). They were influenced by impressionistic aesthetics or composed at one time in an impressionistic manner over a span of their lifetimes and their music provides a bridge to the more advanced impressionistic pieces of Debussy and Ravel for early advanced students. These composers' selected short piano pieces display richly colored sonority through the use of impressionistic techniques such as non-functional harmony (parallel chords and free modulation), exotic setting (e.g. modality, pentatonic and whole-tone scales), ostinato figures, bell-sound imitation, and extended texture. Moreover, personal interpretive elements, such as poetic and folklore references, were incorporated in some piano works of MacDowell, Griffes, Bauer, Scott, and Bax; among them MacDowell and Bax were particularly inspired by Celtic and Nordic materials. Mompou infused Spanish folklores in his individual naïve style. Most importantly, these selected short piano pieces are approachable and attractive to early advanced pianists. These works, as well as other largely undiscovered impressionistic piano character pieces, ought to be a great source of preliminary repertoire as preparation for the music of Debussy and Ravel. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2011

Rachmaninov regarded Nikolai Medtner as the greatest composer he had ever known, yet Medtner's music is often neglected in the standard repertoire. Lack of public awareness, as well as the technical and musical difficulties in these works, both contribute to their inaccessibility. Unlike Rachmaninov's music, Medtner's music possesses none of the romance and sentimentality, thus lacking in immediate appeal. However, with repeated listening, it gradually reveals its beauty and brilliance. This document examines Medtner's Acht Stimmungsbilder, Op. 1, from a pedagogical viewpoint. Chapter One provides a short biographical background. Chapter Two discusses Medtner's musical style and his publication, The Muse and the Fashion. Chapter Three is devoted to a pedagogical analysis of the work. The last chapter concludes the paper with a suggested order of study. This set of work is technically challenging and is selected with the advanced-level or college student in mind. These students would have had experience performing 19th Century works and is looking to expand their repertoire. This pedagogical guide is written for the reference of the teacher, however, the student may find this useful to them as well.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze four late solo piano works of Franz Liszt that all bear the name "Mephisto" in their titles, in order to examine, identify and trace the development in the use of harmonic and melodic idioms that produced non-tonal or "omnitonic" effects, on the one hand, and to emphasize the need to duly accord Liszt a recognition of historical position as the nineteenth century's most influential avant garde composer whose attitude and approach had helped to shape much of the ideal of the atonal composition of this century, on the other. Chapter One presents the issues and the purpose of this study; Chapter Two investigates the principal forces that shaped Liszt's mature compositional style; Chapter Three identifies and discusses the requisites for tonal and atonal compositions; Chapter Four analyzes the four "Mephisto" dances: Waltz no.1 (1860); Polka (1883); Waltz no.3 (1883); and Bagatelle (1885). Chapter Five summarizes the findings from this study and attempts to identify in these late works of Liszt a pattern of conscientious, continuous, purposeful and progressive use of devices toward creating musical effect that would defy the established tonal requisites and undermine the tonal orientation in the composition. This study submits that it was Liszt who had first shown a way to free music from the shackles of prescribed idiomatic constraints, and to force us the listeners to approach and appreciate music for its own sound's sake. Additionally, this study submits that this effort of Liszt should be understood and appreciated in terms of programmatic association; that is, Liszt found in the persona of Mephisto the Diablo the ideal imagery for depicting the nature of the "music of the future" where tonality would be freed from any prescribed procedural requisites.

Este trabalho tem como objetos de estudo a terceira fase estética do compositor César Guerra-Peixe, fase nacional (1949-1993) e a obra para piano nela inserida. Buscou-se estabelecer relações entre esta fase estética e as obras nela situadas com a busca pela renovação do nacionalismo musical pelo compositor Guerra- Peixe. No estabelecimento dessas relações o ponto de partida foi a divisão da fase nacional em períodos, aos quais foram relacionadas uma ou mais obras para piano. Tendo como referencial teórico o pensamento do próprio Guerra-Peixe, cada período foi descrito dentro de um contexto histórico e musical, e buscou-se a identificação de características da estética de Guerra-Peixe, bem como de sua linguagem composicional em constante renovação. As características levantadas subsidiaram a análise das obras selecionadas para cada período. Através da análise estabeleceu-se a relação entre os períodos da fase nacional, suas respectivas obras e linguagem composicional e a busca pela renovação do nacionalismo musical pelo compositor Guerra-Peixe. / This dissertation aims to study the piano works present in the third aesthetic phase (1949-1993) of Brazilian composer Cesar Guerra-Peixe. The study established links between Guerra-Peixe\'s search for renewal of musical nationalism, his third aesthetic compositional phase and the piano works composed during this time. In establishing these relationships, the starting point was the division of the national phase in periods, which were related to one or more piano works. Each period has been described in a historical and musical context, having Guerra-Peixe\'s personal thoughts as the basis for theoretical reference. The features of Guerra-Peixe\'s aesthetics, as well as his compositional language, were identified and supported the analysis of the works selected for each period. The dissertation established the relationship between the periods of the national compositional phase, the corresponding piano works, Guerra-Peixes\'s musical language, and the search for renewal of musical nationalism undertaken by the composer.