Loud stage sound is a known challenge for live sound engineers, and the goal of this study was to investigate stage sound's role in live rock music performed in small venues. Stage sound is known to be prominent in small rooms as the total sound energy produced tends to contain a large proportion of stage sound. It commonly addressed that if the PA is overpowered by direct sound from instruments on stage, the mixing engineer may lose control over musical balance and overall sound level. To understand how engineers handle this, 6 professional engineers were interviewed by using semi-structured interviews. Additionally, 14 shorter interviews were conducted with musicians to gain further insight in what attributes of stage sound are desirable for performers and how they are affected by engineers' decisions. Results were interpreted through thematic analysis. 8 main themes were identified, some of which contained several subthemes. These themes were 1) Managing instruments' stage sound, 2) Monitor systems, 3) PA systems - what sources need reinforcement?, 4) Strategies for even coverage, 5) Sound level management, 6) Limitations of small venues 7) What is "good sound"? and 8) Communication regarding stage sound levels.

Monitoring is hugely important for musicians in any type of live situation for them to provide a good musical performance, and In-ear Monitoring (IEM) is increasingly popular among both musicians and audio engineers. Despite this, there has been little research on the topic and musicians and audio engineers would benefit from knowing more about the system, to utilize it in the best way possible. Because of the potentially added issues with structure borne sound, the study has chosen to focus on vocalists that use IEM. Through interviews with both Less experienced IEM users and Experienced IEM users, this study aims to find out what issues IEM users experience in live situations. Other than perceived issues, the study investigates how issues evolve with increased experience, comparing the two user groups, what solutions can be found and how an IEM mix should be for a vocalist. Through a Thematic analysis, the study reaches the conclusion that the main issue with the IEM system for vocalists is isolation from the surrounding world, and that the isolation leads to other perceived issues such as worsening the live feeling and obstructing contact with the audience. The study also concludes that there is a clear connection between monitoring and musical performance with poor monitoring leading to worse performance. The main solution observed is habit with the system, good communication between the audio engineers and musicians and an understanding for both sides workflow to increase efficiency in mixing. With this knowledge, further research can be made to increase the understanding for musicians and audio engineers respectively, and audio engineers and musicians can already focus on increasing cooperation.