Yes / The concepts of independence and totalness of subspaces are introduced in the context of quasi-probability distributions in phase space, for quantum systems with finite-dimensional Hilbert space. It is shown that due to the non-distributivity of the lattice of subspaces, there are various levels of independence, from pairwise independence up to (full) independence. Pairwise totalness, totalness and other intermediate concepts are also introduced, which roughly express that the subspaces overlap strongly among themselves, and they cover the full Hilbert space. A duality between independence and totalness, that involves orthocomplementation (logical NOT operation), is discussed. Another approach to independence is also studied, using Rota’s formalism on independent partitions of the Hilbert space. This is used to define informational independence, which is proved to be equivalent to independence. As an application, the pentagram (used in discussions on contextuality) is analysed using these concepts.

<p> An X-ray study of the various phases of anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate has been carried out. The system began with an ordered structure in orthorhombic space group P212121 and ended with a completely disordered structure in hexagonal space group P63/mmc, All the intermediate phases were partially disordered.</p> <p> The crystal structure of the first two phases of the system were determined while the rest were only partially solved due to the complexity of the disorder involved. A discussion on the symmetry aspects of the phase transformations was given and a model for the disorder of the hexagonal phase was proposed.</p> <p> As an integral part of the study the room-temperature phase of sodium diarsenate was also investigated.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p> Two ways of measuring the relative phase in microwave fields are described in the second chapter of this thesis. The homodyne circuit is described in detail as this method was the one eventually used because of its high accuracy. Measurements were taken using a one inch dielectric rod and these were compared with theoretical predictions as calculated by previous and present laboratory workers here. Conclusions and suggestions for further work are presented in the last chapter.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p> When chloropentafluoroacetone in the gas phase at room temperature is electronically excited in the ultraviolet region, emission is observed. This emission is assigned to a transition from the 1 (n,π*) state. Deactivation of the vibrationally excited singlet state can occur when the ketone is excited at short wavelengths. The internal heavy atom effect on both radiative and radiationless transitions from the excited singlet state is relatively small. The quenching of the chloroketone molecules in the zeroth vibrational level of the excited singlet state has been studied and the probable quenching mechanisms proposed. Intersystem crossing from the excited singlet state to the triplet state is an important process in the gas phase at room temperature. However, phosphorescence is observed only in matrices at low temperatures, e.g. 77°K. The internal heavy atom effect on radiative and radiationless transitions from the triplet state in the matrix at low temperature is small. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A unified optimization framework for traffic signal priority scheduling based on the phasetime network models is presented in this research work with two mathematical programming formulations: (i) Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation and resilient MILP formulation (R-MILP). A heuristic algorithm is developed using the delay generated by the cumulative arrival and departure curves for searching optimum solution in phase-time network. An acceptance and rejection policy is also developed based on the proposed R-MILP. A set of numerical experiment with the proposed policy is conducted for fully adapted and coordinated phase-time network. The third set of numerical experiment is destined for the comparison of the performance of proposed phase-time network with the signal timing given by traditional traffic engineering method and Multi-Modal Intelligent Traffic Signal System (MMITSS) (1). The results show that in each case, the proposed formulation gives shorter delay and arterial travel time than the other two methods.

A new high-resolution spatial discretization scheme is presented for use within the volume-ofluid (VOF) method. This scheme is an adaptation of the previously published boundary gradient maximization (BGM) scheme, with an extension for time-dependent solutions. The scheme does not explicitly reconstruct the interface, but rather resolves the values of the volume fraction in the area of the interface. The scheme is upwind biased to provide numerical stability, and the face values are limited to meet boundedness criteria and prevent variable overshoot. Unlike most other high-resolution schemes found in the literature, the proposed scheme does not use upwind-biased and downwind-biased “switching” to maintain stability. This thesis presents a number of test cases including 2-D and 3-D cases on both structured and unstructured grids. The results display the method’s ability to predict good shape of the volume fraction interface and resolve the volume fraction discontinuity.

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