Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Mar. 12, 2009). Thesis advisor: Carol Harden. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-40). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 10, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-68). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-87). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 23, 2006). Advisor: Laura G. Leff. Keywords: bacterial communities; substrate; lotic; fluorescent in situ hybridization; sediment. Includes bibliographical references.

"Project completion report." / "January 2001." "Funded by Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office ... (Interagency Agreement No. 1422H952-A98-3007) and Environmental Conservation Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service ..." Originally issued as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-132). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-68). Also available on the World Wide Web.

This thesis develops a technique for the identification, classification and quantification of instream flow environments. These features have been traditionally referred to as 'habitats' by lotic ecologists, in this research they are termed 'hydraulic biotopes'. The hydraulic biotope is the lowest of six nested levels of a hierarchical geomorphological model. This model has been developed as a tool to assist river managers, researchers and conservationists to categorise or classify rivers with respect to their geomorphic characteristics. Each level of the model provides data at a different level of resolution. This ranges from the broad scale catchment data to the site specific 'habitat' or hydraulic biotope data. Although this thesis is primarily concerned with the development of the hydraulic biotope, the interaction of all catchment variables needs to be recognised. Detailed analysis of hydraulic biotope data in the Buffalo River are presented within the broader hierarchical model. Consultation with lotic ecologists, together with a review of ecological literature, emphasised the need for a standardised terminology for the classification of ecologically significant instream flow environments. At present a fairly haphazard 'habitat' classification tends to be carried out by most researchers, this often leads to confusion in the identification and naming of different hydraulic biotopes ('habitats'). This confusion is exaggerated by the sharing of terminology between lotic ecology and fluvial geomorphology, usually for the categorisation of different types of features. A review of the ecological literature emphasises the importance of flow hydraulics within a river to describe the distribution of biota. The hydraulic variables considered to be most significant include velocity and depth. As river morphology directly determines the prevailing distribution of depth, velocity and substratum, it is obvious that there are important links to be made between fluvial geomorphology and lotic ecology. This thesis explores the potential of the hydraulic biotope as a tool to help develop those links. This thesis presents a standardised classification matrix for the identification of hydraulic biotopes. The matrix is simply based on water surface characteristics together with channel bed substratum. The validity of this matrix is tested by statistical analysis of hydraulic variables quantifying flow conditions within the various hydraulic biotope classes. Data is presented from four different river systems, each representing a different sedimentological environment. Where possible the influence of discharge has been considered. Results from more than 3000 data points show that hydraulic biotopes have distinct hydraulic characteristics in terms of velocity-depth ratio, Froude number, Reynolds number, 'roughness' Reynolds number and shear velocity. These hydraulic indices represent flow conditions both as an average within the water column, and near the bed. Statistical analysis shows that the hydraulic characteristics of the various hydraulic biotope classes are relatively consistent both within different fluvial environments and at different stages of flow. Unlike the morphological unit in which the hydraulic biotope is nested, in stream flow environments are shown to be temporally dynamic. Using the classification matrix as a tool for identification, hydraulic biotopes identified at one discharge are shown to be transformed from one class to another as a response to change in stage. The pattern of transformation is shown to be consistent within different sedimentological environments. An examination of the associations between hydraulic biotopes and morphological units demonstrates that, although some hydraulic biotopes are common to all morphological units (backwater pools, pools and runs), some features have specific associations. In this study rapids were found to be prevalent in bedrock pavement, bedrock pool and plane bed morphology, while cascades, chutes and riffles were common to plane bed, step and riffle morphology. Results from this research indicate that the hydraulic biotope, within the hierarchical geomorphological model, has the potential to aid the prediction of channel adjustment and associated 'habitat' (hydraulic biotope) transformation in response to changes in flow and sediment yield. These are likely to become increasingly important issues as South Africa strives to maintain a balance between the development of water resources to meet the needs of the rapidly expanding population, whilst at the same time maintaining the fluvial environment for sustainable use.

As inundações se constituem como um dos principais desastres que acometem frequentemente diversas cidades no mundo. Embora sejam ocasionadas por meio da dinâmica natural dos cursos de água, as cidades que tiveram o seu desenvolvimento às margens de rios e arroios e apresentam como característica crescimento irregular, principalmente em áreas da planície de inundação, sofrem com os danos causados. O município de Esteio/RS é cortado por dois arroios, afluentes do rio dos Sinos, e são recorrentes os casos em que esses arroios causam inundações. Esse estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar as ocorrências de inundações no município de Esteio/RS, considerando o contexto da dinâmica local e as recentes obras viárias realizadas no município. Para tanto, o primeira etapa realizada foi a aquisição de dados de precipitação do período entre 1984 e 2015, assim como a aquisição de imagens LANDSAT. Posteriormente, foi realizada a organização das séries históricas de precipitação e o pré-processamento das imagens LANDSAT e matemática de bandas, visando a análise das inundações no município de Esteio por meio de índice de água por diferença normalizada modificada (MNDWI) e índice de diferença normalizada para lagos (NDPI); elaboração dos mapas de distribuição espacial das maiores inundações; a última etapa, contou com o estudo do contexto das obras viárias nas inundações do município. Entre os principais resultados, destaca-se a análise da série histórica de precipitação, por meio da qual é possível afirmar que a dinâmica das inundações e eventos extremos não é novidade no município, no entanto, os eventos referentes a agosto, outubro e novembro de 2013, além do evento de julho de 2015 foram, de fato, acima da média histórica. As áreas do município afetadas pelas inundações praticamente se repetem a cada evento extremos. A construção da BR 448 e da Avenida Brasil, coincidiu com o aumento das inundações no município, o que não se explica simplesmente pelo aumento da precipitação. A falta de mecanismos para evitar o efeito de remanso das águas dos arroios próximos a BR 448, bem como as alterações na várzea do rio dos Sinos, pode ter contribuído com os últimos eventos. Questionar a eficácia da Avenida Brasil enquanto dique de contenção de inundações, nesse momento, seria precipitado, principalmente se for levado em conta a necessidade das obras das bacias de contenção - a serem construídas. No entanto, medidas estruturais nem sempre são garantias de resolução desse tipo de desastre. / Floods constitute one of the main disasters that often affect several cities in the world. Although caused by natural dynamics of rivers, cities that had the development on the banks of rivers and streams and have a characteristic irregular growth, especially in areas of the floodplain, suffer the damage. The municipality of Esteio/RS is cut by two streams, tributaries of the Sinos river, and are recurring cases where these streams cause flooding. This study aims to analyze the occurrence of flooding in the city of Esteio/RS, considering the context of the local dynamics and the recent road works carried out in the municipality. Therefore, the first step was carried out the acquisition period of the precipitation data between 1984 and 2015, as well as the acquisition of LANDSAT images. It was subsequently set up the organization of the historical series of precipitation and pre-processing of Landsat and math bands images, aimed at analysis of floods in Esteio municipality through a modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) and normal difference pound index (NDPI); preparation of spatial distribution maps of the largest floods; the last stage, had the study of the context of road works in the city's flooding. Among the main results, there is the analysis of time series of precipitation, by which it can be said that the dynamics of floods and extreme events is not new in the city, however, the events related to August, October and November 2013 beyond the July 2015 event were, in fact, above the historical average. The municipal areas affected by floods almost repeat every extreme event. The construction of the BR 448 and Brazil Avenue, coincided with increased flooding in the city, which cannot be explained simply by the increase in precipitation. The lack of mechanisms to prevent backwater effect of the waters of the streams near BR 448, as well as changes in the floodplain of the Sinos river, may have contributed to the latest events. Questioning the effectiveness of the avenue Brazil as dike containment flooding at this point would be premature, especially if one takes into account the need of the works of containment basins - to be built. However, structural measures are not guarantees of resolution this type of disaster.

Text in Afrikaans / Water is in 'n relatief droe land soos Suid-Afrika van uiterste belang. Daar is 'n groot behoefte aan inligting oor die potensieel verbruikbare waterbronne. Hierin word voorsien deur 'n netwerk van riviervloeimeetstasies. Met veranderende ekonomiese toestande word die effektiwiteit van die netwerk van al hoe groter belang. Dit is hier waar netwerkbeplanning 'n aktiewe rol begin speel. As gevolg van die groot variasie in die aard van die opvanggebiede in Suid-Afrika, en die feit dat daar 'n bestaande netwerk is, is dit nodig dat netwerkbeplanning stapsgewys benader word. Die Eerste Fase is 'n leerproses. Die verskillende opvanggebiede in die land kan gegroepeer word en die meetstasies kan geklassifiseer word. 'n Netwerkbeplanningsmetode, "Die ideale netwerk", is ontwikkel en word op drie opvanggebiede toegepas. Die belangrikste resultaat is die klassifikasie van al die meetstasies in die drie opvanggebiede. / In a relative dry country like South Africa water is of critical importance. Information on the potential usable water resources is very valuable. This information is supplied by a network of river flow gauging stations. In changing economic times the effectiveness of this network is of increasing importance. Network design plays a major role in insuring this. Network design has to be approached in phases because of the variety in catchment characteristics in South Africa, and the fact that there is an existing network. The First Phase can be regarded as a learning phase, in which all the catchments in the country can be grouped and the stations can be classified. A network design method, · "The ideal network", was developed, and is applied in three catchments. The most important result is the classification of all the existing stations in the three catchments. / Geography / M. Sc. (Geografie)